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Pfizer: Difference between revisions
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In 1986, Pfizer acquired the worldwide rights to Zithromax ([[azithromycin]]), a macrolide antibiotic that is recommended by the [[Infectious Disease Society of America]] as a first line treatment for certain cases of community-acquired pneumonia, from [[Pliva]].<ref name="best">{{cite web |url=https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=906 |title=Azithromycin: A world best-selling Antibiotic |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, etal |date=March 2007 |title=Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults |url=https://www.thoracic.org/statements/resources/mtpi/idsaats-cap.pdf |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases |volume=44 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S27–72 |doi=10.1086/511159 |pmc=7107997 |pmid=17278083}}</ref> | In 1986, Pfizer acquired the worldwide rights to Zithromax ([[azithromycin]]), a macrolide antibiotic that is recommended by the [[Infectious Disease Society of America]] as a first line treatment for certain cases of community-acquired pneumonia, from [[Pliva]].<ref name="best">{{cite web |url=https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=906 |title=Azithromycin: A world best-selling Antibiotic |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, etal |date=March 2007 |title=Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults |url=https://www.thoracic.org/statements/resources/mtpi/idsaats-cap.pdf |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases |volume=44 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S27–72 |doi=10.1086/511159 |pmc=7107997 |pmid=17278083}}</ref> | ||
In 1989, Pfizer scientists Peter Dunn and Albert Wood created Viagra ([[sildenafil]]) for treating [[high blood pressure]] and [[angina]], a chest pain associated with [[coronary artery disease]]. In 1991, it was patented in the United Kingdom as a heart medication. Early trials for the medication showed that it did not work for the treatment of heart disease, but volunteers in the clinical trials had increased [[erection]]s several days after taking the drug. It was patented in the United States in 1996 and received approval by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] in March 1998. In December 1998, Pfizer hired [[Bob Dole]] as a spokesperson for the drug.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/03/27/health/viagra-anniversary-timeline/index.html |title=Viagra: The little blue pill that could |first=Jacque |last=Wilson |work=CNN |date=March 27, 2013}}</ref> The patents for Viagra expired in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jun/09/race-to-replace-viagra-patents-erectile-dysfunction-drug-medical-research-cialis-eroxon |title=The race to replace Viagra |first=David |last=Cox |work= | In 1989, Pfizer scientists Peter Dunn and Albert Wood created Viagra ([[sildenafil]]) for treating [[high blood pressure]] and [[angina]], a chest pain associated with [[coronary artery disease]]. In 1991, it was patented in the United Kingdom as a heart medication. Early trials for the medication showed that it did not work for the treatment of heart disease, but volunteers in the clinical trials had increased [[erection]]s several days after taking the drug. It was patented in the United States in 1996 and received approval by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] in March 1998. In December 1998, Pfizer hired [[Bob Dole]] as a spokesperson for the drug.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/03/27/health/viagra-anniversary-timeline/index.html |title=Viagra: The little blue pill that could |first=Jacque |last=Wilson |work=CNN |date=March 27, 2013}}</ref> The patents for Viagra expired in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jun/09/race-to-replace-viagra-patents-erectile-dysfunction-drug-medical-research-cialis-eroxon |title=The race to replace Viagra |first=David |last=Cox |work=The Guardian |date=June 9, 2019}}</ref> | ||
In 1991, [[William C. Steere, Jr.]] became [[chief executive officers]] of the company, succeeding [[Edmund T. Pratt Jr.]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-29-fi-903-story.html |title=Pfizer Inc., New York, has elected its... |work= | In 1991, [[William C. Steere, Jr.]] became [[chief executive officers]] of the company, succeeding [[Edmund T. Pratt Jr.]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-29-fi-903-story.html |title=Pfizer Inc., New York, has elected its... |work=Los Angeles Times |date=March 29, 1991}}</ref> | ||
In 1991 Pfizer also began marketing Zoloft ([[sertraline]]), an [[antidepressant]] of the [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) class developed nine years earlier by Pfizer chemists [[Kenneth Koe]] and Willard Welch. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for [[major depressive disorder]] in adult [[outpatients]] as well as [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[panic disorder]], and [[social anxiety disorder]] in both adults and children. In 2005, the year before it became a generic drug, sales were over $3{{nbsp}}billion and over 100{{nbsp}}million people had been treated with the drug.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2015 |title=Kenneth Koe '45 |url=https://www.reed.edu/reed-magazine/in-memoriam/obituaries/_online_only/kenneth-koe-1945.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=Reed Magazine |publisher=[[Reed College]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414055337/https://www.reed.edu/reed-magazine/in-memoriam/obituaries/_online_only/kenneth-koe-1945.html |archive-date=2022-04-14}}</ref> The patent for Zoloft expired in the summer of 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Aaron |date=2006-04-04 |title=Who stands to gain when Zoloft goes generic? |work=[[CNN Money]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/04/04/news/companies/antidepressants/ |access-date=2021-05-18}}</ref> | In 1991 Pfizer also began marketing Zoloft ([[sertraline]]), an [[antidepressant]] of the [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) class developed nine years earlier by Pfizer chemists [[Kenneth Koe]] and Willard Welch. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for [[major depressive disorder]] in adult [[outpatients]] as well as [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], [[panic disorder]], and [[social anxiety disorder]] in both adults and children. In 2005, the year before it became a generic drug, sales were over $3{{nbsp}}billion and over 100{{nbsp}}million people had been treated with the drug.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2015 |title=Kenneth Koe '45 |url=https://www.reed.edu/reed-magazine/in-memoriam/obituaries/_online_only/kenneth-koe-1945.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=Reed Magazine |publisher=[[Reed College]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414055337/https://www.reed.edu/reed-magazine/in-memoriam/obituaries/_online_only/kenneth-koe-1945.html |archive-date=2022-04-14}}</ref> The patent for Zoloft expired in the summer of 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Aaron |date=2006-04-04 |title=Who stands to gain when Zoloft goes generic? |work=[[CNN Money]] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/04/04/news/companies/antidepressants/ |access-date=2021-05-18}}</ref> | ||
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In July 2006, [[Jeff Kindler]] was named [[chief executive officer]] of the company, replacing [[Henry McKinnell]].<ref name="longshot" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 28, 2006 |title=Pfizer names new CEO |work=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/07/28/news/companies/pfizer_ceo/index.htm}}</ref> | In July 2006, [[Jeff Kindler]] was named [[chief executive officer]] of the company, replacing [[Henry McKinnell]].<ref name="longshot" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 28, 2006 |title=Pfizer names new CEO |work=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/07/28/news/companies/pfizer_ceo/index.htm}}</ref> | ||
On December 3, 2006, Pfizer ceased development of [[torcetrapib]], a drug that increases production of [[high density lipoprotein|HDL]], which reduces [[low density lipoprotein|LDL]] thought to be correlated to heart disease. During a [[Phase III clinical trial]] involving 15,000 patients, more deaths than expected occurred in the group that took the medicine, and the [[mortality rate]] of patients taking the combination of torcetrapib and Lipitor (82 deaths during the study) was 60% higher than those taking Lipitor alone (52 deaths during the study). Lipitor alone was not implicated in the results, but Pfizer lost nearly $1{{nbsp}}billion developing the failed drug and its stock price dropped 11% on the day of the announcement.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Berenson |first1=Alex |last2=Pollack |first2=Andrew |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Pfizer Shares Plummet on Loss of a Promising Heart Drug |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/05/health/05pfizer.html |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Berenson |first=Alex |date=December 3, 2006 |title=Pfizer Ends Studies on Drug for Heart Disease |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/health/03pfizer.html |url-access=limited |authorlink=Alex Berenson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agovino |first=Theresa |date=December 3, 2006 |title=Pfizer ends cholesterol drug development |publisher=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency= | On December 3, 2006, Pfizer ceased development of [[torcetrapib]], a drug that increases production of [[high density lipoprotein|HDL]], which reduces [[low density lipoprotein|LDL]] thought to be correlated to heart disease. During a [[Phase III clinical trial]] involving 15,000 patients, more deaths than expected occurred in the group that took the medicine, and the [[mortality rate]] of patients taking the combination of torcetrapib and Lipitor (82 deaths during the study) was 60% higher than those taking Lipitor alone (52 deaths during the study). Lipitor alone was not implicated in the results, but Pfizer lost nearly $1{{nbsp}}billion developing the failed drug and its stock price dropped 11% on the day of the announcement.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Berenson |first1=Alex |last2=Pollack |first2=Andrew |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Pfizer Shares Plummet on Loss of a Promising Heart Drug |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/05/health/05pfizer.html |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Berenson |first=Alex |date=December 3, 2006 |title=Pfizer Ends Studies on Drug for Heart Disease |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/health/03pfizer.html |url-access=limited |authorlink=Alex Berenson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Agovino |first=Theresa |date=December 3, 2006 |title=Pfizer ends cholesterol drug development |publisher=[[The Seattle Times]] |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/cholesterol-drug-trials-are-halted/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tanne |first1=Janice Hopkins |title=Pfizer stops clinical trials of heart drug |journal=BMJ |date=16 December 2006 |volume=333 |issue=7581 |pages=1237.2–1237 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39059.438044.DB |pmid=17170401 |pmc=1702474}}</ref> | ||
Between 2007 and 2010, Pfizer spent $3.3{{nbsp}}million on investigations and legal fees and recovered about $5.1{{nbsp}}million, and had another $5{{nbsp}}million of pending recoveries from civil lawsuits against makers of [[counterfeit]] prescription drugs. Pfizer has hired customs and narcotics experts worldwide to track down fakes and assemble evidence that can be used to pursue civil suits for [[trademark infringement]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Simeon |date=July 8, 2010 |title=Pfizer: Civil Suits for Drug Counterfeiters |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-07-08/pfizer-civil-suits-for-drug-counterfeiters |url-access=limited}}</ref> | Between 2007 and 2010, Pfizer spent $3.3{{nbsp}}million on investigations and legal fees and recovered about $5.1{{nbsp}}million, and had another $5{{nbsp}}million of pending recoveries from civil lawsuits against makers of [[counterfeit]] prescription drugs. Pfizer has hired customs and narcotics experts worldwide to track down fakes and assemble evidence that can be used to pursue civil suits for [[trademark infringement]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Simeon |date=July 8, 2010 |title=Pfizer: Civil Suits for Drug Counterfeiters |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-07-08/pfizer-civil-suits-for-drug-counterfeiters |url-access=limited}}</ref> | ||
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In 2003, Pfizer merged with [[Pharmacia]], and in the process acquired [[G.D. Searle, LLC|Searle]] and [[SUGEN]]. Searle had developed Flagyl ([[metronidazole]]), a [[nitroimidazole]] antibiotic medication used particularly for [[anaerobe|anaerobic]] [[bacterium|bacteria]] and [[protozoa]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metronidazole Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole.html |publisher=[[Drugs.com]]}}</ref> Searle also developed [[celecoxib]] (Celebrex) a [[COX-2 inhibitor]] and [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) used to treat the [[pain]] and [[inflammation]] in [[osteoarthritis]], [[acute pain]] in adults, [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[ankylosing spondylitis]], [[painful menstruation]], and [[juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]].<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2019 |title=Celecoxib Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/celecoxib.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists}}</ref> [[SUGEN]], a company focused on [[protein kinase]] inhibitors, had pioneered the use of ATP-mimetic small molecules to block [[signal transduction]]. The [[SUGEN]] facility was shut down in 2003 by Pfizer, with the loss of more than 300 jobs, and several programs were transferred to Pfizer. These included [[sunitinib]] (Sutent), a cancer medication which was approved for human use by the FDA in January 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-11-20/the-spirit-of-a-startup-lives-on |title=The Spirit Of A Startup Lives On |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=November 21, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2003/04/28/daily24.html |title=Pfizer expects to shutter South City biotech outpost |work=[[American City Business Journals]] |date=April 30, 2003}}</ref> A related compound, SU11654 ([[Toceranib]]), was also approved for [[cancer in dogs]], and the [[ALK inhibitor]] [[Crizotinib]] also grew out of a SUGEN program.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904009304576532892704206326 |title=FDA Approves Pfizer Lung-Cancer Drug |first=Jonathan D. |last=Rockoff |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 26, 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.12391-1 |chapter=Selective Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer |title=Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III |year=2017 |last1=Mortlock |first1=A.A. |last2=Wilson |first2=D.M. |last3=Kettle |first3=J.G. |last4=Goldberg |first4=F.W. |last5=Foote |first5=K.M. |pages=39–75 |isbn=978-0-12-803201-5}}</ref> | In 2003, Pfizer merged with [[Pharmacia]], and in the process acquired [[G.D. Searle, LLC|Searle]] and [[SUGEN]]. Searle had developed Flagyl ([[metronidazole]]), a [[nitroimidazole]] antibiotic medication used particularly for [[anaerobe|anaerobic]] [[bacterium|bacteria]] and [[protozoa]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Metronidazole Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metronidazole.html |publisher=[[Drugs.com]]}}</ref> Searle also developed [[celecoxib]] (Celebrex) a [[COX-2 inhibitor]] and [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) used to treat the [[pain]] and [[inflammation]] in [[osteoarthritis]], [[acute pain]] in adults, [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[ankylosing spondylitis]], [[painful menstruation]], and [[juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]].<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2019 |title=Celecoxib Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/celecoxib.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists}}</ref> [[SUGEN]], a company focused on [[protein kinase]] inhibitors, had pioneered the use of ATP-mimetic small molecules to block [[signal transduction]]. The [[SUGEN]] facility was shut down in 2003 by Pfizer, with the loss of more than 300 jobs, and several programs were transferred to Pfizer. These included [[sunitinib]] (Sutent), a cancer medication which was approved for human use by the FDA in January 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-11-20/the-spirit-of-a-startup-lives-on |title=The Spirit Of A Startup Lives On |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |date=November 21, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2003/04/28/daily24.html |title=Pfizer expects to shutter South City biotech outpost |work=[[American City Business Journals]] |date=April 30, 2003}}</ref> A related compound, SU11654 ([[Toceranib]]), was also approved for [[cancer in dogs]], and the [[ALK inhibitor]] [[Crizotinib]] also grew out of a SUGEN program.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904009304576532892704206326 |title=FDA Approves Pfizer Lung-Cancer Drug |first=Jonathan D. |last=Rockoff |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 26, 2011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.12391-1 |chapter=Selective Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer |title=Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III |year=2017 |last1=Mortlock |first1=A.A. |last2=Wilson |first2=D.M. |last3=Kettle |first3=J.G. |last4=Goldberg |first4=F.W. |last5=Foote |first5=K.M. |pages=39–75 |isbn=978-0-12-803201-5}}</ref> | ||
In October 2006, the company announced it would acquire PowerMed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barriaux |first=Marianne |date=October 9, 2006 |title=Pfizer buys vaccine developer PowderMed |work= | In October 2006, the company announced it would acquire PowerMed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barriaux |first=Marianne |date=October 9, 2006 |title=Pfizer buys vaccine developer PowderMed |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/oct/09/money5}}</ref> | ||
On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquired [[Wyeth]] for $68{{nbsp}}billion in cash and stock, including the assumption of debt, making Pfizer the largest pharmaceutical company in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Wilson |first2=Duff |date=January 25, 2009 |title=Pfizer Agrees to Pay $68 Billion for Rival Drug Maker Wyeth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/business/26drug.html |url-access=limited |issn=0362-4331 |authorlink1=Andrew Ross Sorkin |authorlink2=Duff Wilson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 15, 2009 |title=Pfizer completes $67 billion deal for rival Wyeth |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSTRE59E4S320091015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Karnitschnig |first1=Matthew |last2=Rockoff |first2=Jonathan D. |date=January 23, 2009 |title=Pfizer in Talks to Buy Wyeth |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123268511212809429 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="worst">{{Cite news |last=Edwards |first=Jim |date=January 23, 2009 |title=The Pfizer–Wyeth Deal Worst-Case Scenario |work=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-pfizer-wyeth-deal-worst-case-scenario/}}</ref><ref name="wyethpr">{{Cite press release |title=PFIZER COMPLETES ACQUISITION OF WYETH |url=https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer_completes_acquisition_of_wyeth |publisher=Pfizer |date=October 14, 2009}}</ref> The acquisition of Wyeth provided Pfizer with a [[pneumococcal conjugate vaccine]], trademarked [[Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine#Prevnar|Prevnar 13]]; this is used for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections. The introduction of the original, 7-valent version of the vaccine, developed by [[Wyeth]] in February 2000, led to a 75% reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections among children under age{{nbsp}}5 in the United States. Pfizer introduced an improved version of the vaccine in 2010, for which it was granted a patent in India in 2017. Prevnar 13 provides coverage of 13 bacterial variants, expanding beyond the original 7-valent version.<ref name="wyethpr" /> By 2012, the rate of invasive infections among children under age{{spaces}}5 had been reduced by an additional 50%.<ref name="cdc.gov">{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2019 |title=CDC – ABCs: Surveillance Reports main page – Active Bacterial Core surveillance |url=https://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/surv-reports.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Herper |first=Matthew |date=August 24, 2020 |title=In the race for a Covid-19 vaccine, Pfizer turns to a scientist with a history of defying skeptics – and getting results |url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/24/pfizer-edge-in-the-race-for-a-covid-19-vaccine-could-be-a-scientist-with-two-best-sellers-to-her-credit/ |website=[[Stat (website)|Stat]]}}</ref> | On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquired [[Wyeth]] for $68{{nbsp}}billion in cash and stock, including the assumption of debt, making Pfizer the largest pharmaceutical company in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sorkin |first1=Andrew Ross |last2=Wilson |first2=Duff |date=January 25, 2009 |title=Pfizer Agrees to Pay $68 Billion for Rival Drug Maker Wyeth |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/business/26drug.html |url-access=limited |issn=0362-4331 |authorlink1=Andrew Ross Sorkin |authorlink2=Duff Wilson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 15, 2009 |title=Pfizer completes $67 billion deal for rival Wyeth |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSTRE59E4S320091015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Karnitschnig |first1=Matthew |last2=Rockoff |first2=Jonathan D. |date=January 23, 2009 |title=Pfizer in Talks to Buy Wyeth |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123268511212809429 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="worst">{{Cite news |last=Edwards |first=Jim |date=January 23, 2009 |title=The Pfizer–Wyeth Deal Worst-Case Scenario |work=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-pfizer-wyeth-deal-worst-case-scenario/}}</ref><ref name="wyethpr">{{Cite press release |title=PFIZER COMPLETES ACQUISITION OF WYETH |url=https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer_completes_acquisition_of_wyeth |publisher=Pfizer |date=October 14, 2009}}</ref> The acquisition of Wyeth provided Pfizer with a [[pneumococcal conjugate vaccine]], trademarked [[Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine#Prevnar|Prevnar 13]]; this is used for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections. The introduction of the original, 7-valent version of the vaccine, developed by [[Wyeth]] in February 2000, led to a 75% reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections among children under age{{nbsp}}5 in the United States. Pfizer introduced an improved version of the vaccine in 2010, for which it was granted a patent in India in 2017. Prevnar 13 provides coverage of 13 bacterial variants, expanding beyond the original 7-valent version.<ref name="wyethpr" /> By 2012, the rate of invasive infections among children under age{{spaces}}5 had been reduced by an additional 50%.<ref name="cdc.gov">{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2019 |title=CDC – ABCs: Surveillance Reports main page – Active Bacterial Core surveillance |url=https://www.cdc.gov/abcs/reports-findings/surv-reports.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Herper |first=Matthew |date=August 24, 2020 |title=In the race for a Covid-19 vaccine, Pfizer turns to a scientist with a history of defying skeptics – and getting results |url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/24/pfizer-edge-in-the-race-for-a-covid-19-vaccine-could-be-a-scientist-with-two-best-sellers-to-her-credit/ |website=[[Stat (website)|Stat]]}}</ref> | ||
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On September 4, 2012, the FDA approved [[bosutinib]] (Bosulif) for [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]] (CML), a rare type of [[leukemia]] and a blood and [[bone marrow]] disease that affects primarily older adults.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pfizer-leukemia/fda-approves-pfizer-leukemia-drug-idUSBRE88314720120904 |title=FDA approves Pfizer leukemia drug |first=Anna |last=Yukhananov |work=Reuters |date=September 4, 2012}}</ref> In November 2012, Pfizer received approval from the [[Food and Drug Administration]] for Xeljanz, a [[tofacitinib]], for [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2012/203214orig1s000toc.cfm |title=Drug Approval Package |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]]}}</ref> The drug had sales of $1.77{{nbsp}}billion in 2018, and in January 2019, it was the top drug in the United States for [[direct-to-consumer advertising]], passing [[adalimumab]] (Humira).<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Pfizer switches RA patients to lower dose of fast-growing Xeljanz as safety issues arise in postmarketing study |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/postmarketing-study-pfizer-switches-ra-patients-to-lower-xeljanz-dose-safety-concerns |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Eric |last=Sagonowsky |date=February 20, 2019}}</ref> | On September 4, 2012, the FDA approved [[bosutinib]] (Bosulif) for [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]] (CML), a rare type of [[leukemia]] and a blood and [[bone marrow]] disease that affects primarily older adults.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pfizer-leukemia/fda-approves-pfizer-leukemia-drug-idUSBRE88314720120904 |title=FDA approves Pfizer leukemia drug |first=Anna |last=Yukhananov |work=Reuters |date=September 4, 2012}}</ref> In November 2012, Pfizer received approval from the [[Food and Drug Administration]] for Xeljanz, a [[tofacitinib]], for [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2012/203214orig1s000toc.cfm |title=Drug Approval Package |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]]}}</ref> The drug had sales of $1.77{{nbsp}}billion in 2018, and in January 2019, it was the top drug in the United States for [[direct-to-consumer advertising]], passing [[adalimumab]] (Humira).<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Pfizer switches RA patients to lower dose of fast-growing Xeljanz as safety issues arise in postmarketing study |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/postmarketing-study-pfizer-switches-ra-patients-to-lower-xeljanz-dose-safety-concerns |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Eric |last=Sagonowsky |date=February 20, 2019}}</ref> | ||
On February 1, 2013, [[Zoetis]], the Agriculture Division of Pfizer and later Pfizer Animal Health, became a [[public company]] via an [[initial public offering]], raising $2.2{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoetis™ Files IPO Registration Statement |url=https://www.zoetisus.com/news-and-media/zoetis-files-ipo-registration-statement.aspx |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |date=August 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/shares-of-zoetis-surge-on-debut/ |last=J. de la Merced |first=Michael |title=Shares of Zoetis Surge on Debut |work=The New York Times |date=February 1, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Zoetis Raises $2.2 Billion in IPO |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323701904578276530830057770 |last=Dieterich |first=Chris |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 31, 2013 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shares-of-animal-health-company-zoetis-soar-in-ipo/ |title=Shares of animal health company Zoetis soar in IPO |agency= | On February 1, 2013, [[Zoetis]], the Agriculture Division of Pfizer and later Pfizer Animal Health, became a [[public company]] via an [[initial public offering]], raising $2.2{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoetis™ Files IPO Registration Statement |url=https://www.zoetisus.com/news-and-media/zoetis-files-ipo-registration-statement.aspx |publisher=[[Business Wire]] |date=August 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/shares-of-zoetis-surge-on-debut/ |last=J. de la Merced |first=Michael |title=Shares of Zoetis Surge on Debut |work=The New York Times |date=February 1, 2013 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Zoetis Raises $2.2 Billion in IPO |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323701904578276530830057770 |last=Dieterich |first=Chris |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 31, 2013 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shares-of-animal-health-company-zoetis-soar-in-ipo/ |title=Shares of animal health company Zoetis soar in IPO |agency=Associated Press |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=February 1, 2013}}</ref> Later in 2013, Pfizer completed the [[corporate spin-off]] of its remaining stake in [[Zoetis]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323975004578498994013821124 |title=Pfizer to Spin Off Remaining Zoetis Stake |first=Peter |last=Loftus |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=May 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pfizer-zoetis/pfizer-to-spin-off-zoetis-stake-to-shareholders-idUSBRE94L0JB20130522 |title=Pfizer to spin off Zoetis stake to shareholders |first1=Caroline |last1=Humer |first2=Ransdell |last2=Pierson |work=Reuters |date=May 22, 2013}}</ref> | ||
In September 2014, the company acquired Innopharma for $225{{nbsp}}million, plus up to $135{{nbsp}}million in milestone payments, in a deal that expanded Pfizer's range of generic and injectable drugs.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pfizer-completes-acquisition-of-innopharma |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition Of InnoPharma |first=Emily |last=Wasserman |magazine=Fierce Pharma |date=September 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to Acquire InnoPharma for Up to $360M |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-to-acquire-innopharma-for-up-to-360m/ |website=genengnews.com |date=July 16, 2014}}</ref> | In September 2014, the company acquired Innopharma for $225{{nbsp}}million, plus up to $135{{nbsp}}million in milestone payments, in a deal that expanded Pfizer's range of generic and injectable drugs.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pfizer-completes-acquisition-of-innopharma |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition Of InnoPharma |first=Emily |last=Wasserman |magazine=Fierce Pharma |date=September 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to Acquire InnoPharma for Up to $360M |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-to-acquire-innopharma-for-up-to-360m/ |website=genengnews.com |date=July 16, 2014}}</ref> | ||
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In June 2016, the company acquired Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $5.2{{nbsp}}billion, expanding its portfolio in both inflammation and immunology drugs areas.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160624005299/en/Pfizer-Completes-Acquisition-of-Anacor |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Anacor |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=June 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to Acquire Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $5.2B |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-to-acquire-anacor-pharmaceuticals-for-5-2b/ |website=genengnews.com |date=May 16, 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, the company made a $40{{nbsp}}million bid for the assets of BIND Therapeutics, which was in [[bankruptcy]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer Places High Bid of $40M for BIND Therapeutics |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-places-high-bid-of-40m-for-bind-therapeutics/ |website=genengnews.com |date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> The same month, the company acquired Bamboo Therapeutics for $645{{nbsp}}million, expanding its gene therapy offerings.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer Acquires Bamboo Therapeutics in a $645M Deal |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-acquires-bamboo-therapeutics-in-a-645m-deal/ |website=genengnews.com |date=August 1, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, the company acquired cancer drug-maker [[Medivation]] for $14{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to Acquire Medivation for $14B |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-to-acquire-medivation-for-14b/ |website=genengnews.com |date=August 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to buy cancer drug firm Medivation for $14bn |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37150531 |date=August 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160928005824/en/ |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Medivation |publisher=OncoImmune |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=September 28, 2016}}</ref> In October 2016, the company licensed the anti-[[CTLA4]] monoclonal antibody, ONC-392, from OncoImmune.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.genengnews.com/topics/drug-discovery/oncoimmune-licenses-onc-392-to-pfizer-for-up-to-250m/ |title=OncoImmune Licenses ONC-392 to Pfizer for Up to $250M |work=genengnews.com |date=October 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160915005151/en/OncoImmune-Announces-Option-and-License-Agreement-with-Pfizer-Inc. |title=OncoImmune Announces Option and License Agreement with Pfizer Inc. |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> In November 2016, Pfizer funded a $3,435,600 study with the [[CDC Foundation]] to research "screen-and-treat" strategies for [[cryptococcal disease]] in [[Botswana]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=CDC Foundation Active Programs October 1, 2020 – September 30, 2021 |url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/CDCF-ActivePrograms-CDC-FY21?inline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115161004/https://www.cdcfoundation.org/CDCF-ActivePrograms-CDC-FY21?inline |archive-date=2022-01-15 |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=[[CDC Foundation]]}}</ref> In December 2016, Pfizer acquired [[AstraZeneca]]'s small-molecule antibiotics business for $1.575 billion.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161222005395/en/Pfizer-Completes-Acquisition-of-Small-Molecule-Anti-Infective-Business-From-AstraZeneca |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Small Molecule Anti-Infective Business From AstraZeneca |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer Buys AstraZeneca Antibiotics for Up to $1.575B |url=https://www.genengnews.com/topics/drug-discovery/pfizer-buys-astrazeneca-antibiotics-for-up-to-1-575b/ |website=genengnews.com |date=August 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Pfizer grabs AZ antibiotics in $1.5B deal. Pre-split prep or just another sales-boosting buy? |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pfizer-grabs-az-antibiotics-1-5b-deal-pre-split-prep-or-just-another-sales-boosting-buy |first=Tracy |last=Staton |magazine=Fierce Pharma |date=August 24, 2016}}</ref> | In June 2016, the company acquired Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $5.2{{nbsp}}billion, expanding its portfolio in both inflammation and immunology drugs areas.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160624005299/en/Pfizer-Completes-Acquisition-of-Anacor |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Anacor |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=June 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to Acquire Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $5.2B |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-to-acquire-anacor-pharmaceuticals-for-5-2b/ |website=genengnews.com |date=May 16, 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, the company made a $40{{nbsp}}million bid for the assets of BIND Therapeutics, which was in [[bankruptcy]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer Places High Bid of $40M for BIND Therapeutics |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-places-high-bid-of-40m-for-bind-therapeutics/ |website=genengnews.com |date=July 27, 2016}}</ref> The same month, the company acquired Bamboo Therapeutics for $645{{nbsp}}million, expanding its gene therapy offerings.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer Acquires Bamboo Therapeutics in a $645M Deal |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-acquires-bamboo-therapeutics-in-a-645m-deal/ |website=genengnews.com |date=August 1, 2016}}</ref> In September 2016, the company acquired cancer drug-maker [[Medivation]] for $14{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to Acquire Medivation for $14B |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/pfizer-to-acquire-medivation-for-14b/ |website=genengnews.com |date=August 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer to buy cancer drug firm Medivation for $14bn |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37150531 |date=August 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160928005824/en/ |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Medivation |publisher=OncoImmune |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=September 28, 2016}}</ref> In October 2016, the company licensed the anti-[[CTLA4]] monoclonal antibody, ONC-392, from OncoImmune.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.genengnews.com/topics/drug-discovery/oncoimmune-licenses-onc-392-to-pfizer-for-up-to-250m/ |title=OncoImmune Licenses ONC-392 to Pfizer for Up to $250M |work=genengnews.com |date=October 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160915005151/en/OncoImmune-Announces-Option-and-License-Agreement-with-Pfizer-Inc. |title=OncoImmune Announces Option and License Agreement with Pfizer Inc. |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> In November 2016, Pfizer funded a $3,435,600 study with the [[CDC Foundation]] to research "screen-and-treat" strategies for [[cryptococcal disease]] in [[Botswana]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=CDC Foundation Active Programs October 1, 2020 – September 30, 2021 |url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/CDCF-ActivePrograms-CDC-FY21?inline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115161004/https://www.cdcfoundation.org/CDCF-ActivePrograms-CDC-FY21?inline |archive-date=2022-01-15 |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=[[CDC Foundation]]}}</ref> In December 2016, Pfizer acquired [[AstraZeneca]]'s small-molecule antibiotics business for $1.575 billion.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161222005395/en/Pfizer-Completes-Acquisition-of-Small-Molecule-Anti-Infective-Business-From-AstraZeneca |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Small Molecule Anti-Infective Business From AstraZeneca |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Pfizer Buys AstraZeneca Antibiotics for Up to $1.575B |url=https://www.genengnews.com/topics/drug-discovery/pfizer-buys-astrazeneca-antibiotics-for-up-to-1-575b/ |website=genengnews.com |date=August 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Pfizer grabs AZ antibiotics in $1.5B deal. Pre-split prep or just another sales-boosting buy? |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pfizer-grabs-az-antibiotics-1-5b-deal-pre-split-prep-or-just-another-sales-boosting-buy |first=Tracy |last=Staton |magazine=Fierce Pharma |date=August 24, 2016}}</ref> | ||
In January 2018, Pfizer announced that it would end its work on research into treatments for [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[Parkinsonism]] (a symptom of [[Parkinson's disease]] and other conditions). The company said about 300 researchers would lose their jobs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael | author-link=Michael Hiltzik |title=Pfizer, pocketing a big tax cut from Trump, will end investment in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's research |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-pfizer-20180108-story.html |work= | In January 2018, Pfizer announced that it would end its work on research into treatments for [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[Parkinsonism]] (a symptom of [[Parkinson's disease]] and other conditions). The company said about 300 researchers would lose their jobs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael | author-link=Michael Hiltzik |title=Pfizer, pocketing a big tax cut from Trump, will end investment in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's research |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-pfizer-20180108-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=January 8, 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In July 2018, the [[Food and Drug Administration]] approved [[enzalutamide]], developed by Pfizer and [[Astellas Pharma]] for patients with [[castration]]-resistant [[prostate cancer]].<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-enzalutamide-castration-resistant-prostate-cancer |title=FDA approves enzalutamide for castration-resistant prostate cancer |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |date=July 13, 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, Pfizer signed an agreement with [[BioNTech]] to conduct joint research and development activities regarding [[mRNA]]-based [[influenza vaccine]]s.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=BioNTech Signs Collaboration Agreement with Pfizer to Develop mRNA-based Vaccines for Prevention of Influenza |url=https://biontechse.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/biontech-signs-collaboration-agreement-pfizer-develop-mrna-based |publisher=[[BioNTech]] |date=August 16, 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, effective January 1, 2019, [[Albert Bourla]] was promoted to [[chief executive officer]], succeeding [[Ian Read]], his mentor.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pfizer-ceo/pfizer-to-replace-longtime-ceo-read-with-veteran-bourla-idUSKCN1MB29D |title=Pfizer to replace longtime CEO Read with veteran Bourla |first1=Tamara |last1=Mathias |first2=Ankur |last2=Banerjee |date=October 1, 2018 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Maidenberg |first=Micah |title=Pfizer Prepares for CEO Transition With Executive Suite Changes |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/pfizer-prepares-for-ceo-transition-with-executive-suite-changes-1539095075 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 9, 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-albert-bourla-next-pfizer-ceo-2018-10 |title=Pfizer's CEO is stepping down after 8 years — meet the man who will be replacing him |last=Ramsey |first=Lydia |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 1, 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jarvis |first=Lisa M. |title=Pfizer unveils CEO succession plan |work=[[Chemical & Engineering News]] |url=https://cen.acs.org/pharmaceuticals/Pfizer-unveils-CEO-succession-plan/96/i40 |date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> | ||
In July 2019, the company acquired Therachon for up to $810{{nbsp}}million, expanding its rare disease portfolio through Therachon's recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 compound, aimed at treating conditions such as [[achondroplasia]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/trending/sWCcSrMgL8UmeCJXuuGp-w2 |title=Pfizer completes acquisition of Therachon to bolster rare disease drug portfolio |first=Ravikash |last=Bakolia |work=[[S&P Global]] |date=July 1, 2019}}</ref> Also in July, Pfizer acquired [[Array Biopharma]] for $10.6{{nbsp}}billion, boosting its oncology pipeline.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190730005590/en/Pfizer-Completes-Acquisition-of-Array-Biopharma |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Array Biopharma |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=July 30, 2019}}</ref> In August 2019, Pfizer merged its consumer health business with that of GlaxoSmithKline, into a [[joint venture]] owned 68% by GlaxoSmithKline and 32% by Pfizer, with plans to make it a [[public company]]. The transaction built on a 2018 transaction where GlaxoSmithKline acquired [[Novartis]]' stake in the GSK-Novartis consumer healthcare joint business.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46616713 |title=GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer merge healthcare arms |work=[[BBC News]] |date=December 19, 2018}}</ref> The transaction followed negotiations with other companies including [[Reckitt Benckiser]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Reckitt Benckiser's still keen on a Pfizer OTC buy. But can it afford one? |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/reckitt-benckiser-s-still-keen-a-pfizer-otc-buy-but-can-it-afford-one |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Carly |last=Helfand |date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> [[Sanofi]], [[Johnson & Johnson]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Sanofi, J&J could join GlaxoSmithKline, Reckitt in $20B bidding war for Pfizer OTC: report |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/sanofi-j-j-could-join-gsk-reckitt-20b-bidding-war-for-pfizer-otc-report |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Carly |last=Helfand |date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> and [[Procter & Gamble]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=GlaxoSmithKline eyes Pfizer's OTC unit. But will a buy imperil its dividend? |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/glaxosmithkline-s-eyeing-pfizer-s-otc-unit-but-will-a-buy-imperil-its-dividend |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Carly |last=Helfand |date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In September 2019, Pfizer initiated a study with the [[CDC Foundation]] to investigate the tracking of [[healthcare-associated infection]]s, scheduled to run through to June 2023.<ref name=":4" /> In December 2019, Pfizer awarded the CDC Foundation a further $1,948,482 to continue its [[cryptococcal disease]] screening and treatment research in nine African countries.<ref name=":4" /> | In July 2019, the company acquired Therachon for up to $810{{nbsp}}million, expanding its rare disease portfolio through Therachon's recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 compound, aimed at treating conditions such as [[achondroplasia]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/trending/sWCcSrMgL8UmeCJXuuGp-w2 |title=Pfizer completes acquisition of Therachon to bolster rare disease drug portfolio |first=Ravikash |last=Bakolia |work=[[S&P Global]] |date=July 1, 2019}}</ref> Also in July, Pfizer acquired [[Array Biopharma]] for $10.6{{nbsp}}billion, boosting its oncology pipeline.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190730005590/en/Pfizer-Completes-Acquisition-of-Array-Biopharma |title=Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Array Biopharma |publisher=Pfizer |via=[[Business Wire]] |date=July 30, 2019}}</ref> In August 2019, Pfizer merged its consumer health business with that of GlaxoSmithKline, into a [[joint venture]] owned 68% by GlaxoSmithKline and 32% by Pfizer, with plans to make it a [[public company]]. The transaction built on a 2018 transaction where GlaxoSmithKline acquired [[Novartis]]' stake in the GSK-Novartis consumer healthcare joint business.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46616713 |title=GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer merge healthcare arms |work=[[BBC News]] |date=December 19, 2018}}</ref> The transaction followed negotiations with other companies including [[Reckitt Benckiser]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Reckitt Benckiser's still keen on a Pfizer OTC buy. But can it afford one? |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/reckitt-benckiser-s-still-keen-a-pfizer-otc-buy-but-can-it-afford-one |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Carly |last=Helfand |date=October 16, 2017}}</ref> [[Sanofi]], [[Johnson & Johnson]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Sanofi, J&J could join GlaxoSmithKline, Reckitt in $20B bidding war for Pfizer OTC: report |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/sanofi-j-j-could-join-gsk-reckitt-20b-bidding-war-for-pfizer-otc-report |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Carly |last=Helfand |date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> and [[Procter & Gamble]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=GlaxoSmithKline eyes Pfizer's OTC unit. But will a buy imperil its dividend? |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/glaxosmithkline-s-eyeing-pfizer-s-otc-unit-but-will-a-buy-imperil-its-dividend |magazine=Fierce Pharma |first=Carly |last=Helfand |date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> In September 2019, Pfizer initiated a study with the [[CDC Foundation]] to investigate the tracking of [[healthcare-associated infection]]s, scheduled to run through to June 2023.<ref name=":4" /> In December 2019, Pfizer awarded the CDC Foundation a further $1,948,482 to continue its [[cryptococcal disease]] screening and treatment research in nine African countries.<ref name=":4" /> | ||
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===2012 Celebrex intellectual property settlement=== | ===2012 Celebrex intellectual property settlement=== | ||
[[Brigham Young University]] (BYU) said a professor of chemistry, Dr. [[Daniel L. Simmons]], discovered an enzyme in the 1990s that led towards development of [[Celebrex]]. BYU was originally seeking a 15% royalty on sales, equating to $9.7{{nbsp}}billion. A research agreement had been made between BYU and [[Monsanto]], whose pharmaceutical business was later acquired by Pfizer, to develop a better [[aspirin]]. The enzyme Dr. Simmons claims to have discovered would induce pain and inflammation while causing gastrointestinal problems and Celebrex is used to reduce those issues. A six-year battle ensued because BYU claimed that Pfizer did not give Dr. Simmons credit or compensation, while Pfizer claimed that it had met all obligations regarding the Monsanto agreement. In May 2012, Pfizer settled the allegations, agreeing to pay $450{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/health/pfizer-settles-byu-lawsuit-over-development-of-celebrex.html |title=Pfizer Settles B.Y.U. Lawsuit Over Development of Celebrex |agency= | [[Brigham Young University]] (BYU) said a professor of chemistry, Dr. [[Daniel L. Simmons]], discovered an enzyme in the 1990s that led towards development of [[Celebrex]]. BYU was originally seeking a 15% royalty on sales, equating to $9.7{{nbsp}}billion. A research agreement had been made between BYU and [[Monsanto]], whose pharmaceutical business was later acquired by Pfizer, to develop a better [[aspirin]]. The enzyme Dr. Simmons claims to have discovered would induce pain and inflammation while causing gastrointestinal problems and Celebrex is used to reduce those issues. A six-year battle ensued because BYU claimed that Pfizer did not give Dr. Simmons credit or compensation, while Pfizer claimed that it had met all obligations regarding the Monsanto agreement. In May 2012, Pfizer settled the allegations, agreeing to pay $450{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/health/pfizer-settles-byu-lawsuit-over-development-of-celebrex.html |title=Pfizer Settles B.Y.U. Lawsuit Over Development of Celebrex |agency=Associated Press |work=The New York Times |date=May 1, 2012 |url-access=limited}}</ref> | ||
===2011 Nigeria Trovafloxacin lawsuit settlement=== | ===2011 Nigeria Trovafloxacin lawsuit settlement=== | ||