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National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency: Difference between revisions
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (view source)
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=== National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC) ===<!-- This section is linked from [[Dino Brugioni]] --> | === National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC) ===<!-- This section is linked from [[Dino Brugioni]] --> | ||
[[File:NPIC seal.png|thumb|Seal of the National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC)]] | [[File:NPIC seal.png|thumb|Seal of the National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC)]] | ||
Shortly before leaving office in January 1961, [[President of the United States|President]] | Shortly before leaving office in January 1961, [[President of the United States|President]] Dwight D. Eisenhower authorized the creation of the National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC), a joint project of the [[CIA]] and [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]]. NPIC was a component of the CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology (DDS&T) and its primary function was [[imagery analysis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000760197/0000760197_0001.gif|title=Thirty ... and thriving|date=December 1, 1991|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|page=1ff|access-date=May 30, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308121751/http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000760197/0000760197_0001.gif|archive-date=March 8, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> NPIC became part of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (now NGA) in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nga.mil/About/History/NGAinHistory/Pages/NPIC.aspx|title=Jan. 18, 1961: National Photographic Interpretation Center|website=www.nga.mil|access-date=August 9, 2017|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702184512/https://www.nga.mil/About/History/NGAinHistory/Pages/NPIC.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
;Directors of NPIC | ;Directors of NPIC | ||
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====Cuban Missile Crisis==== | ====Cuban Missile Crisis==== | ||
{{Main|Cuban Missile Crisis}}{{missing information|the erroneous and corrected geolocation of Cuba|date=November 2021}} | {{Main|Cuban Missile Crisis}}{{missing information|the erroneous and corrected geolocation of Cuba|date=November 2021}} | ||
NPIC first identified the | NPIC first identified the Soviet Union's basing of missiles in [[Cuba]] in 1962. By exploiting images from [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] overflights and film from canisters ejected by orbiting [[Corona (satellite)|Corona satellites]],<ref name="NGA history">[https://www.nga.mil/StaticFiles/OCR/nga_history.pdf NGA History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320155429/http://www.nga.mil/StaticFiles/OCR/nga_history.pdf |date=March 20, 2009 }}, nga.mil</ref> NPIC analysts developed the information necessary to inform U.S. policymakers and influence operations during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]. Their analysis garnered worldwide attention when the [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy Administration]] declassified and made public a portion of the images depicting the Soviet missiles on Cuban soil; [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]] presented the images to the [[United Nations Security Council]] on October 25, 1962. | ||
===Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)=== | ===Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)=== | ||
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Additionally, military Service GEOINT Offices (SGOs) liaise with NGA, but belong to their respective [[United States Armed Forces#Service branches|military service branches]] and represent their geospatial intelligence needs.<ref name=Path14.4/> The [[Canadian Armed Forces]] deploys a liaison team to NGA; that team's operations officer also acts as NGA's [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] liaison.<ref name=Path15.1/> | Additionally, military Service GEOINT Offices (SGOs) liaise with NGA, but belong to their respective [[United States Armed Forces#Service branches|military service branches]] and represent their geospatial intelligence needs.<ref name=Path14.4/> The [[Canadian Armed Forces]] deploys a liaison team to NGA; that team's operations officer also acts as NGA's [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] liaison.<ref name=Path15.1/> | ||
NGA is a member of the National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG) and the larger Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence (ASG), which includes [[Anglosphere#Core Anglosphere|close allies]] [[Canada]], the | NGA is a member of the National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG) and the larger Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence (ASG), which includes [[Anglosphere#Core Anglosphere|close allies]] [[Canada]], the United Kingdom, [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=Path15.1/> The U.S. and those four nations also form the [[Five Eyes]] intelligence alliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dni.gov/index.php/who-we-are/organizations/enterprise-capacity/chco/chco-related-menus/chco-related-links/recruitment-and-outreach/217-about/organization/icig-pages/2660-icig-fiorc|title=Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review Council (FIORC)|website=dni.gov|publisher=[[Director of National Intelligence]]}}</ref> | ||
===Employees=== | ===Employees=== | ||