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Strategic Defense Initiative: Difference between revisions
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[[George Shultz]], Reagan's [[Secretary of State of the United States|secretary of state]], suggested that a 1967 lecture by physicist [[Edward Teller]] was an important precursor to SDI. In the lecture, Teller talked about the idea of defending against nuclear missiles using [[nuclear weapon]]s, principally the [[W65 (nuclear warhead)|W65]] and [[W71]], with the latter an enhanced thermal/X-ray device used on the [[LIM-49 Spartan|Spartan missile]] in 1975. Held at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL), the 1967 lecture was attended by Reagan shortly after he became governor of California.<ref name=gps>{{Cite book |last=Shultz |first=George Pratt |authorlink=George P. Shultz |url={{google books|plainurl=yes|id=96LVnQEACAAJ|page=261}} |page=261|title=Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State |date=1993 |publisher=Scribner's |isbn=978-0-684-80332-6 |language=en}}</ref> | [[George Shultz]], Reagan's [[Secretary of State of the United States|secretary of state]], suggested that a 1967 lecture by physicist [[Edward Teller]] was an important precursor to SDI. In the lecture, Teller talked about the idea of defending against nuclear missiles using [[nuclear weapon]]s, principally the [[W65 (nuclear warhead)|W65]] and [[W71]], with the latter an enhanced thermal/X-ray device used on the [[LIM-49 Spartan|Spartan missile]] in 1975. Held at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL), the 1967 lecture was attended by Reagan shortly after he became governor of California.<ref name=gps>{{Cite book |last=Shultz |first=George Pratt |authorlink=George P. Shultz |url={{google books|plainurl=yes|id=96LVnQEACAAJ|page=261}} |page=261|title=Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State |date=1993 |publisher=Scribner's |isbn=978-0-684-80332-6 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Development of [[laser weapon]]s in the | Development of [[laser weapon]]s in the Soviet Union began in 1964–1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/soviet/990600-bmd-rus.htm|work=[[Nevsky Bastion]]|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|author=A. Karpenko|title=ABM And Space Defense|year=1999|pages=2–47}}</ref> Though classified at the time, a detailed study on a Soviet space-based laser system began no later than 1976 with the [[Polyus (spacecraft)|Polyus]], a 1 MW [[Carbon dioxide laser]]-based orbital weapons platform prototype. Development was also started on the anti-satellite ''Kaskad'' in-orbit missile platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2394/2|title=The Space Review: Plagiarism in several space history articles (page 2)|date=October 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008102950/http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2394/2|archive-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/05/the-soviet-response-to-star-wars-that-never-was/2/|title=The secret laser-toting Soviet satellite that almost was – Ars Technica|date=September 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926143351/http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/05/the-soviet-response-to-star-wars-that-never-was/2/|archive-date=September 26, 2013}}</ref> | ||
A [[revolver cannon]] ([[Rikhter R-23]]) was mounted on the 1974 Soviet [[Salyut 3]] space station, a satellite that successfully test-fired its cannon in orbit.<ref name=Olberg>{{cite web| url = http://space.au.af.mil/books/oberg/ch02.pdf| title = James Olberg, ''Space Power Theory'', Ch. 2| access-date = June 17, 2013| archive-date = July 12, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180712205157/http://space.au.af.mil/books/oberg/ch02.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a18187/here-is-the-soviet-unions-secret-space-cannon/|title=Here Is the Soviet Union's Secret Space Cannon|date=November 16, 2015}}</ref> | A [[revolver cannon]] ([[Rikhter R-23]]) was mounted on the 1974 Soviet [[Salyut 3]] space station, a satellite that successfully test-fired its cannon in orbit.<ref name=Olberg>{{cite web| url = http://space.au.af.mil/books/oberg/ch02.pdf| title = James Olberg, ''Space Power Theory'', Ch. 2| access-date = June 17, 2013| archive-date = July 12, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180712205157/http://space.au.af.mil/books/oberg/ch02.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a18187/here-is-the-soviet-unions-secret-space-cannon/|title=Here Is the Soviet Union's Secret Space Cannon|date=November 16, 2015}}</ref> | ||
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=== Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) === | === Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) === | ||
In 1993, the [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] administration further shifted the focus to ground-based interceptor missiles and theater-scale systems, forming the [[Ballistic Missile Defense Organization]] (BMDO) and closing BMDO was renamed by the | In 1993, the [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] administration further shifted the focus to ground-based interceptor missiles and theater-scale systems, forming the [[Ballistic Missile Defense Organization]] (BMDO) and closing BMDO was renamed by the George W. Bush administration as the [[Missile Defense Agency]] and focused on limited [[United States national missile defense|National Missile Defense]]. | ||
==Ground-based programs== | ==Ground-based programs== | ||