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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Difference between revisions

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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (view source)

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{{Program
|ProgramName=Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
|ProgramType=Program
|OrgSponsor=Food and Nutrition Service
|TopOrganization=Department of Agriculture
|CreationLegislation=Food Stamp Act of 1964
|Purpose=SNAP provides nutritional assistance to low-income individuals and families to help them afford healthy food. The program aims to alleviate hunger and improve nutrition by supplementing grocery budgets through electronic benefits.
|Website=https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program
|ProgramStart=1964
|InitialFunding=$75 million
|Duration=Ongoing
|Historic=No
}}
{{Short description|United States government food assistance program}}
{{Short description|United States government food assistance program}}


{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Obligation right box|year=2024|id=3551}}
 
{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}}
 
{{Update|2021 rate increase, e.g., [https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/08/15/nation/biden-administration-prompts-largest-permanent-increase-food-stamps/ Biden administration prompts largest permanent increase in food stamps]|date=August 2021}}
 
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name    = United States Department of Agriculture
| agency_name    = United States Department of Agriculture
| formed        = {{Start date and age|1939}}
| formed        = {{Start date and age|1939}}
| type          = Program
| type          = Program
| logo          = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program logo.svg
| logo           
| logo_width    =
| logo_width    =
| logo_caption  =  
| logo_caption  =  
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| jurisdiction  = [[Federal government of the United States]]
| jurisdiction  = [[Federal government of the United States]]
| budget        =  
| budget        =  
| website        = {{Official URL}}
| website        =  
}}
}}


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The lack of [[affordable housing]] in urban areas means that money that could have been spent on food is spent on housing expenses. Housing is generally considered affordable when it costs 30% or less of total household income; rising housing costs have made this ideal difficult to attain.
The lack of [[affordable housing]] in urban areas means that money that could have been spent on food is spent on housing expenses. Housing is generally considered affordable when it costs 30% or less of total household income; rising housing costs have made this ideal difficult to attain.


This is especially true in [[New York City]], where 28% of rent stabilized tenants spend more than half their income on rent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.housingnyc.com/html/research/html_reports/schill/schill2.html |title=Housing Conditions and Problems In New York City: An Analysis of the 1996 Housing and Vacancy Survey |publisher=Housingnyc.com |access-date=2013-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219061147/http://www.housingnyc.com/html/research/html_reports/schill/schill2.html |archive-date=2013-12-19 |url-status=unfit}}</ref> Among lower income families the percentage is much higher. According to an estimate by the [[Community Service Society of New York|Community Service Society]], 65% of New York City families living below the federal poverty line are paying more than half of their income toward rent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssny.org/userimages/downloads/Making_the_Rent_08_Report.pdf |title=Making The Rent: Who's At Risk? |publisher=Cssny.org |access-date=2013-12-31}}</ref>
This is especially true in New York City, where 28% of rent stabilized tenants spend more than half their income on rent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.housingnyc.com/html/research/html_reports/schill/schill2.html |title=Housing Conditions and Problems In New York City: An Analysis of the 1996 Housing and Vacancy Survey |publisher=Housingnyc.com |access-date=2013-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219061147/http://www.housingnyc.com/html/research/html_reports/schill/schill2.html |archive-date=2013-12-19 |url-status=unfit}}</ref> Among lower income families the percentage is much higher. According to an estimate by the [[Community Service Society of New York|Community Service Society]], 65% of New York City families living below the federal poverty line are paying more than half of their income toward rent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cssny.org/userimages/downloads/Making_the_Rent_08_Report.pdf |title=Making The Rent: Who's At Risk? |publisher=Cssny.org |access-date=2013-12-31}}</ref>


The current eligibility criteria attempt to address this, by including a deduction for "excess shelter costs". This applies only to households that spend more than half of their net income on rent. For the purpose of this calculation, a household's net income is obtained by subtracting certain deductions from their gross (before deductions) income. If the household's total expenditures on rent exceed 50% of that net income, then the net income is further reduced by the amount of rent that exceeds 50% of net income. For 2007, this deduction can be no more than $417, except in households that include an elderly or disabled person.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsp/applicant_recipients/fs_Res_Ben_Elig.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310150710/http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsp/applicant_recipients/fs_Res_Ben_Elig.htm|url-status=dead|title=Fact Sheet on Resources, Income, and Benefits|archivedate=March 10, 2010}}</ref> Deductions include:
The current eligibility criteria attempt to address this, by including a deduction for "excess shelter costs". This applies only to households that spend more than half of their net income on rent. For the purpose of this calculation, a household's net income is obtained by subtracting certain deductions from their gross (before deductions) income. If the household's total expenditures on rent exceed 50% of that net income, then the net income is further reduced by the amount of rent that exceeds 50% of net income. For 2007, this deduction can be no more than $417, except in households that include an elderly or disabled person.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsp/applicant_recipients/fs_Res_Ben_Elig.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310150710/http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsp/applicant_recipients/fs_Res_Ben_Elig.htm|url-status=dead|title=Fact Sheet on Resources, Income, and Benefits|archivedate=March 10, 2010}}</ref> Deductions include:
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[[File:SNAP Benefits Paid 2005-2012.png|thumb|Total program costs from 2000 to 2016. The amount increased sharply after 2008 due to the [[Great Recession]], and has fallen since 2013 as the economy recovers.]]
[[File:SNAP Benefits Paid 2005-2012.png|thumb|Total program costs from 2000 to 2016. The amount increased sharply after 2008 due to the [[Great Recession]], and has fallen since 2013 as the economy recovers.]]
[[File:SNAP benefits.png|thumb|SNAP benefits cost since the 1960s]]
[[File:SNAP benefits.png|thumb|SNAP benefits cost since the 1960s]]
Amounts paid to program beneficiaries rose from $28.6&nbsp;billion in 2005 to $76&nbsp;billion in 2013, falling back to $66.6&nbsp;billion by 2016.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} This increase was due to the high unemployment rate (leading to higher SNAP participation) and the increased benefit per person with the passing of [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009|ARRA]]. SNAP average monthly benefits increased from $96.18 per person to $133.08 per person. Other program costs, which include the Federal share of State administrative expenses, Nutrition Education, and Employment and Training, amounted to roughly $3.7&nbsp;million in 2013.<ref name=FNS /> There were cuts into the program's budget introduced in 2014 that were estimated to save $8.6&nbsp;billion over 10 years. Some of the states are looking for measures within the states to balance the cuts, so they would not affect the recipients of the federal aid program.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jalonick|first1=Mary|title=Only 4 states will see cuts to food stamps|url=http://www.concordmonitor.com/news/politics/13603087-95/only-4-states-will-see-cuts-to-food-stamps|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=18 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107150837/http://www.concordmonitor.com/news/politics/13603087-95/only-4-states-will-see-cuts-to-food-stamps|archive-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>
Amounts paid to program beneficiaries rose from $28.6&nbsp;billion in 2005 to $76&nbsp;billion in 2013, falling back to $66.6&nbsp;billion by 2016.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} This increase was due to the high unemployment rate (leading to higher SNAP participation) and the increased benefit per person with the passing of [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009|ARRA]]. SNAP average monthly benefits increased from $96.18 per person to $133.08 per person. Other program costs, which include the Federal share of State administrative expenses, Nutrition Education, and Employment and Training, amounted to roughly $3.7&nbsp;million in 2013.<ref name=FNS /> There were cuts into the program's budget introduced in 2014 that were estimated to save $8.6&nbsp;billion over 10 years. Some of the states are looking for measures within the states to balance the cuts, so they would not affect the recipients of the federal aid program.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jalonick|first1=Mary|title=Only 4 states will see cuts to food stamps|url=http://www.concordmonitor.com/news/politics/13603087-95/only-4-states-will-see-cuts-to-food-stamps|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=18 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107150837/http://www.concordmonitor.com/news/politics/13603087-95/only-4-states-will-see-cuts-to-food-stamps|archive-date=7 January 2016}}</ref>


===Politics===
===Politics===
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{{USDA agencies}}
{{USDA agencies}}
{{Contemporary social welfare programs in the United States}}
{{Contemporary social welfare programs in the United States}}
{{Lyndon B. Johnson}}
 
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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