YouTube: Difference between revisions

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YouTube VR allows for access to all YouTube-hosted videos, but particularly supports headset access for 360° and 180°-degree video (both in 2D and stereoscopic 3D). Starting with the [[Oculus Quest]], the app was updated for compatibility with mixed-reality passthrough modes on VR headsets. In April 2024, YouTube VR was updated to support 8K SDR video on [[Meta Quest 3]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=8K Playback on Meta Quest 3 Available Now |url=https://www.oculus.com/experiences/quest/developer-post/1850578212124322/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=www.oculus.com |language=en}}</ref>
YouTube VR allows for access to all YouTube-hosted videos, but particularly supports headset access for 360° and 180°-degree video (both in 2D and stereoscopic 3D). Starting with the [[Oculus Quest]], the app was updated for compatibility with mixed-reality passthrough modes on VR headsets. In April 2024, YouTube VR was updated to support 8K SDR video on [[Meta Quest 3]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=8K Playback on Meta Quest 3 Available Now |url=https://www.oculus.com/experiences/quest/developer-post/1850578212124322/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=www.oculus.com |language=en}}</ref>
== Finances ==
Prior to 2020, Google did not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "[[materiality (auditing)|not material]]" in a regulatory filing.<ref name="Moneyclip">{{cite news |first=Yi-Wyn |last=Yen |date=March 25, 2008 |url=https://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2008/03/25/youtube-looks-for-the-money-clip/ |title=YouTube Looks For the Money Clip |access-date=March 26, 2008 |publisher=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212192446/https://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2008/03/25/youtube-looks-for-the-money-clip/ |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In June 2008, a ''Forbes'' magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200&nbsp;million, noting progress in advertising sales.<ref name="Forbes08">{{cite news |first1=Quentin |last1=Hardy |first2=Evan |last2=Hessel |url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2008/0616/050.html |title=GooTube |work=Forbes |date=May 22, 2008 |access-date=August 3, 2009}}</ref> In 2012, YouTube's revenue from its ads program was estimated at $3.7&nbsp;billion.<ref name="Wall Street Journal 5.6 Billion Annual revenue" /> In 2013, it nearly doubled and estimated to hit $5.6&nbsp;billion according to e-Marketer,<ref name="Wall Street Journal 5.6 Billion Annual revenue">{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/12/11/streaming-video-means-streaming-dollars-for-youtube/ |title=YouTube Growing Faster Than Thought, Report Says |last1=Winkler |first1=Rolfe |date=December 11, 2013 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Youtube earns 5.6 Billion Yahoo">{{cite web |title=YouTube's ad revenue estimated at $5.6&nbsp;billion |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/video/youtubes-ad-revenue-estimated-5-195900788.html |publisher=YAHOO |access-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref> while others estimated $4.7&nbsp;billion.<ref name="Wall Street Journal 5.6 Billion Annual revenue" /> The vast majority of videos on YouTube are free to view and supported by advertising.<ref name="subscription" /> In May 2013, YouTube introduced a trial scheme of 53 subscription channels with prices ranging from $0.99 to $6.99 a month.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/05/09/youtube_subscription_channels/ |title=YouTube launches subscriptions with 53 paid channels |work=The Register |first=Neil |last=McAllister |date=May 9, 2013 |access-date=May 20, 2013}}</ref> The move was seen as an attempt to compete with other providers of online subscription services such as [[Netflix]], [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]], and Hulu.<ref name="subscription" />
Google first published exact revenue numbers for YouTube in February 2020 as part of Alphabet's 2019 financial report. According to Google, YouTube had made {{USD|15.1 billion}} in ad revenue in 2019, in contrast to {{USD|8.1 billion}} in 2017 and {{USD|11.1 billion}} in 2018. YouTube's revenues made up nearly 10% of the total Alphabet revenue in 2019.<ref name="verge 15b">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/3/21121207/youtube-google-alphabet-earnings-revenue-first-time-reveal-q4-2019 |title=YouTube is a $15 billion-a-year business, Google reveals for the first time |first=Nick |last=Statt |date=February 3, 2020 |access-date=February 3, 2020 |work=[[The Verge]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://abc.xyz/investor/static/pdf/2019Q4_alphabet_earnings_release.pdf?cache=05bd9fe |title=Alphabet Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2019 Results |date=February 3, 2020 |access-date=February 3, 2020 |publisher=[[Alphabet Inc.]]}}</ref> These revenues accounted for approximately 20&nbsp;million subscribers combined between YouTube Premium and YouTube Music subscriptions, and 2&nbsp;million subscribers to YouTube TV.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2020/02/03/youtube-premium-and-music-20-million-subscribers/ |title=YouTube Premium and Music have 20 million subscribers |first=Jon |last=Fingas |date=February 3, 2020 |access-date=February 3, 2020 |work=[[Engadget]]}}</ref>
YouTube had $29.2&nbsp;billion ads revenue in 2022, up by $398&nbsp;million from the prior year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=goog-20221231 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204423000016/goog-20221231.htm |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> In Q2 2024, ad revenue rose to $8.66 billion, up 13% on Q1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Manfredi |first1=Lucas |last2=Cobb |first2=Kayla |title=YouTube Ad Revenue Rises 13% to $8.66 Billion in Q2 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/youtube-ad-revenue-q2-2024/ |website=TheWrap |access-date=July 24, 2024 |date=July 23, 2024}}</ref>
=== Partnership with corporations ===
YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with [[NBC]] in June 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Online Video: The Market Is Hot, but Business Models Are Fuzzy |url=https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1519 |work=Knowledge@wharton |access-date=July 19, 2012}}</ref> In March 2007, it struck a deal with [[BBC]] for three channels with BBC content, one for news and two for entertainment.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Weber |title=BBC strikes Google-YouTube deal |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6411017.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |date=March 2, 2007 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]], [[Lions Gate Entertainment]], and [[CBS]], allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for U.S. viewers called "Shows". The move was intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu, which features material from NBC, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]], and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Disney]].<ref>{{cite news |first1=Brad |last1=Stone |first2=Brooks |last2=Barnes |title=MGM to Post Full Films on YouTube |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/10/business/media/10mgm.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 9, 2008 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |id={{ProQuest|897152483}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Staci |last=D. Kramer |title=It's Official: Disney Joins News Corp., NBCU In Hulu; Deal Includes Some Cable Nets |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/30/AR2009043001853.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |publisher=[[Jeff Bezos|Nash Holdings LLC]] |date=April 30, 2009 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> In November 2009, YouTube launched a version of "Shows" available to UK viewers, offering around 4,000 full-length shows from more than 60 partners.<ref>{{cite news |title=YouTube launches UK TV section with more than 60 partners |last1=Allen |first1=Katie |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/nov/19/youtube-uk-full-length-shows |access-date=December 13, 2009 |date=November 19, 2009}}</ref> In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service,<ref>{{cite news |first=Miguel |last=Helft |title=YouTube Takes a Small Step into the Film Rental Market |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/technology/internet/21youtube.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 20, 2010 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |id={{ProQuest|1458355634}}}}</ref> which is only available to users in the United States, Canada, and the UK as of 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8471635.stm |title=YouTube turns to movie rental business |access-date=May 7, 2010 |date=January 21, 2010 |work=BBC News |first=Maggie |last=Shiels}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15214939 |title=YouTube to offer film rentals in the UK |work=BBC News |date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=October 7, 2011}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=October 2021|reason=Is it now available in other countries?}} The service offers over 6,000 films.<ref>{{cite web |first=Alexia |last=Tsotsis |title=Google Partners With Sony Pictures, Universal And Warner Brothers For YouTube Movies |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/05/09/google-partners-with-sony-pictures-nbc-universal-and-warner-brothers-for-youtube-movies/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=May 9, 2011 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref>
==== 2017 advertiser boycott ====
In March 2017, the government of the United Kingdom pulled its advertising campaigns from YouTube, after reports that its ads had appeared on videos containing extremist content. The government demanded assurances that its advertising would "be delivered safely and appropriately". ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper, as well as other major British and U.S. brands, similarly suspended their advertising on YouTube in response to their advertising appearing near [[offensive content]]. Google stated that it had "begun an extensive review of our advertising policies and have made a public commitment to put in place changes that give brands more control over where their ads appear".<ref name="Bloomberg-adsextremist">{{cite news |title=Google Ad Crisis Spreads as Biggest Marketers Halt Spending |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-22/at-t-halts-spending-on-some-google-ads-after-youtube-controversy |access-date=March 23, 2017 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=March 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name="bbc-youtubeadsuk">{{cite news |date=March 17, 2017 |title=YouTube: UK government suspends ads amid extremism concerns |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39301712 |access-date=March 23, 2017}}</ref> In early April 2017, the YouTube channel [[h3h3Productions]] presented evidence claiming that a ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' article had fabricated screenshots showing major brand advertising on an offensive video containing [[Johnny Rebel (singer)|Johnny Rebel]] music overlaid on a [[Chief Keef]] music video, citing that the video itself had not earned any ad revenue for the uploader. The video was retracted after it was found that the ads had been triggered by the use of copyrighted content in the video.<ref name="and-youtubestar">{{cite news |last1=Collins |first1=Ben |date=April 4, 2017 |title=A YouTube Star, Reddit Detectives, and the Alt-Right Call Out a Fake News Story. Turns Out It Was Real. |newspaper=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2017/04/04/fake-news-blows-up-in-trolls-faces.html |access-date=April 5, 2017}}</ref><ref name="mashable-h3h3youtube">{{cite web |title=How one little screenshot drove YouTube to the brink |url=https://mashable.com/2017/04/04/youtube-h3h3-what-happened-wsj/ |access-date=April 10, 2017 |website=Mashable |date=April 4, 2017}}</ref>
On April 6, 2017, YouTube announced that to "ensure revenue only flows to creators who are playing by the rules", it would change its practices to require that a channel undergo a policy compliance review, and have at least 10,000-lifetime views, before they may join the Partner Program.<ref name="verge-10kviewsrule">{{cite web |date=April 6, 2017 |title=YouTube will no longer allow creators to make money until they reach 10,000 views |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/6/15209220/youtube-partner-program-rule-change-monetize-ads-10000-views |access-date=April 6, 2017 |website=The Verge }}</ref>
=== YouTuber earnings ===
[[File:2017- Top earners on YouTube - column chart.svg|thumb|upright=1.25| Total annual earnings of the top ten YouTuber accounts, and the income of the single highest-earning account.]]
In May 2007, YouTube launched its Partner Program (YPP), a system based on [[Google AdSense|AdSense]] which allows the uploader of the video to share the revenue produced by advertising on the site.<ref>{{cite web |first=John |last=Biggs |title=YouTube Launches Revenue Sharing Partners Program, but no Pre-Rolls |url=https://techcrunch.com/2007/05/04/youtube-launches-revenue-sharing-partners-program-but-no-pre-rolls/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> YouTube typically takes 45 percent of the advertising revenue from videos in the Partner Program, with 55 percent going to the uploader.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tim |last=Carmody |title=It's not TV, it's the Web: YouTube partners complain about Google ads, revenue sharing |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/4062810/youtube-partners-complain-revenue-sharing-google-ads |website=[[The Verge]] |date=March 4, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="u551">{{cite web | last=Edwards | first=Jim | title=The biggest stars on YouTube make huge incomes ... yet they can't keep the vast majority of it | website=Business Insider | date=2015-08-03 | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/money-youtube-stars-actually-make-2014-2 | access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref>
There are over two million members of the YouTube Partner Program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lyons |first=Kim |date=August 23, 2021 |title= YouTube says its Partner Program now has 2 million members|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/23/22636827/youtube-partner-program-2-million-members-creators|work=The Verge|access-date=October 23, 2023}}</ref> According to [[TubeMogul]], in 2013 a pre-roll advertisement on YouTube (one that is shown before the video starts) cost advertisers on average $7.60 per 1000 views. Usually, no more than half of the eligible videos have a pre-roll advertisement, due to a lack of interested advertisers.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |first=Leslie |last=Kaufman |title=Chasing Their Star, on YouTube |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/02/business/chasing-their-star-on-youtube.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 1, 2014 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |id={{ProQuest|1943327539}}}}</ref>
YouTube's policies restrict certain forms of content from being included in videos being monetized with advertising, including videos containing violence, strong language, sexual content, "controversial or sensitive subjects and events, including subjects related to war, political conflicts, natural disasters and tragedies, even if graphic imagery is not shown" (unless the content is "usually newsworthy or comedic and the creator's intent is to inform or entertain"),<ref name="verge-advertiserfriendly">{{cite news |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=Why is YouTube being accused of censoring vloggers? |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/1/12753108/youtube-is-over-party-advertising-monetization-censorship |access-date=March 19, 2017 |work=The Verge |date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> and videos whose user comments contain "inappropriate" content.<ref name="tubefilter-inappropriatecomments">{{cite web |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/02/22/youtube-videos-demonetized-inappropriate-comments/ |title=After Child Video Scandal, YouTube Says Ad-Friendly Videos Can Be Demonetized For Inappropriate Comments |date=February 22, 2019 |website=Tubefilter |access-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref>
In 2013, YouTube introduced an option for channels with at least a thousand subscribers to require a paid subscription in order for viewers to watch videos.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCue |first1=TJ |title=Google's YouTube Introduces Paid Content Subscriptions |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tjmccue/2013/01/30/google-youtube-introduces-paid-content-subscriptions/ |website=Forbes |access-date=September 16, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction to paid content – YouTube Help |url=https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/3249127?hl=en |publisher=Google Inc. |access-date=September 16, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In April 2017, YouTube set an eligibility requirement of 10,000 lifetime views for a paid subscription.<ref name ="ypp">{{cite web |title=Additional Changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) to Better Protect Creators |url=https://youtube-creators.googleblog.com/2018/01/additional-changes-to-youtube-partner.html |via=YouTube |access-date=January 16, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> On January 16, 2018, the eligibility requirement for monetization was changed to 4,000 hours of watch-time within the past 12 months and 1,000 subscribers.<ref name ="ypp" /> The move was seen as an attempt to ensure that videos being monetized did not lead to controversy, but was criticized for penalizing smaller YouTube channels.<ref name="ypp_guardian">{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Levin |title=YouTube's small creators pay price of policy changes after Logan Paul scandal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/18/youtube-creators-vloggers-ads-logan-paul |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 18, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2018}}</ref>
[[YouTube Play Button]]s, a part of the YouTube Creator Rewards, are a recognition by YouTube of its most popular channels.<ref>{{cite web |ref={{sfnRef|"YouTube Creator Rewards"|n.d.}} |url=https://www.youtube.com/yt/creators/rewards.html |title=YouTube Creator Rewards |via=YouTube |access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> The trophies made of nickel plated copper-nickel alloy, golden plated brass, silver plated metal, ruby, and red tinted crystal glass are given to channels with at least one hundred thousand, a million, ten million, fifty million subscribers, and one hundred million subscribers, respectively.<ref>{{cite AV media |date=December 3, 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHA2HbNtcG4 |title=What is the Gold Play Button REALLY made of?!? |publisher=JerryRigEverything |via=YouTube |access-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317141729/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHA2HbNtcG4 |archive-date=March 17, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=YouTube Sends PewDiePie Custom Ruby Play Button To Commemorate 50 Million Subscribers |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2016/12/19/pewdiepie-ruby-play-button-youtube-50-million-subscribers/ |website=Tubefilter |access-date=September 16, 2017 |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref>
YouTube's policies on "[[Censorship by Google#Advertiser-friendly content|advertiser-friendly content]]" restrict what may be incorporated into videos being monetized; this includes strong violence, language,<ref name="Spangler Spangler 2019">{{cite news |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=January 14, 2019 |title=YouTube Explains Which Profanities and 'Inappropriate Language' Are Not OK for Ad-Supported Videos |newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/yo'utube-profanity-ad-supported-video-demonetized-1203107619/ |access-date=January 4, 2020}}</ref> sexual content, and "controversial or sensitive subjects and events, including subjects related to war, political conflicts, natural disasters and tragedies, even if graphic imagery is not shown", unless the content is "usually newsworthy or comedic and the creator's intent is to inform or entertain".<ref>{{cite web |last=Robertson |first=Adi |date=September 1, 2016 |title=Why is YouTube being accused of censoring vloggers? |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/1/12753108/youtube-is-over-party-advertising-monetization-censorship |access-date=March 25, 2017 |website=[[The Verge]] }}</ref> In September 2016, after introducing an enhanced notification system to inform users of these violations, YouTube's policies were criticized by prominent users, including [[Philip DeFranco]] and [[Vlogbrothers]]. DeFranco argued that not being able to earn advertising revenue on such videos was "censorship by a different name". A YouTube spokesperson stated that while the policy itself was not new, the service had "improved the notification and appeal process to ensure better communication to our creators".<ref>{{cite web |last=Guynn |first=Jessica |date=September 2, 2016 |title=YouTubers protest 'advertiser friendly' policy |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2016/09/01/youtube-creators-advertisers-controversy/89728728/ |access-date=March 26, 2017 |website=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mulkerin |first=Tim |date=September 1, 2016 |title=A bunch of famous YouTubers are furious at YouTube right now – here's why |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/youtube-stars-advertiser-friendly-content-guidelines-2016-9|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=March 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=E. Solsman |first=Joan |date=September 1, 2016 |title=Pause the #YouTubeIsOverParty: YouTube isn't pulling more ads from stars' videos |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/pause-the-youtubeisoverparty-youtube-isnt-pulling-more-ads-from-stars-videos/ |access-date=March 25, 2017 |publisher=[[CNET]] }}</ref> ''[[Boing Boing]]'' reported in 2019 that LGBT keywords resulted in demonetization.<ref name="Beschizza 2019">{{cite web |last=Beschizza |first=Rob |date=October 2, 2019 |title=YouTube demonetizing videos where LGBTQ keywords are said |url=https://boingboing.net/2019/10/02/youtube-demonetizing-videos-wh.html |access-date=January 4, 2020 |website=[[Boing Boing]]}}</ref>
As of November 2020 in the United States, and June 2021 worldwide,<ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube announces changes in its terms of services |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/youtube-announces-changes-in-its-terms-of-services/cid/1816154 |access-date=May 23, 2021 |website=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> YouTube reserves the right to monetize any video on the platform, even if their uploader is not a member of the YouTube Partner Program. This will occur on channels whose content is deemed "advertiser-friendly", and all revenue will go directly to Google without any share given to the uploader.<ref>{{cite web |last=Graham |first=Megan |date=November 19, 2020 |title=YouTube will put ads on non-partner videos but won't pay the creators |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/19/youtube-will-put-ads-on-non-partner-videos-but-wont-pay-the-creators.html |access-date=May 23, 2021 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>
=== Revenue to copyright holders ===
The majority of YouTube's advertising revenue goes to the publishers and video producers who hold the rights to their videos; the company retains 45% of the ad revenue.<ref>Garett Sloane, [https://adage.com/article/digital/youtube-ad-revenue-disclosed-google-first-time-topped-15-billion-2019/2233811 YouTube Ad Revenue, disclosed by Google for the first time, topped $15 billion in 2019], ''Advertising Age'' (February 3, 2020).</ref> In 2010, it was reported that nearly a third of the videos with advertisements were uploaded without permission of the copyright holders. YouTube gives an option for copyright holders to locate and remove their videos or to have them continue running for revenue.<ref>{{cite news |first=Claire Cain |last=Miller |title=YouTube Ads Turn Videos into Revenue |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/03/technology/03youtube.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 2, 2010 |access-date=March 26, 2017 |id={{ProQuest|1461135701}}}}</ref> In May 2013, [[Nintendo]] began enforcing its copyright ownership and claiming the advertising revenue from video creators who posted screenshots of its games.<ref>{{cite web |first=Keza |last=MacDonald |title=Nintendo enforces copyright on YouTube Let's Plays |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/05/16/nintendo-enforces-copyright-on-youtube-lets-plays |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[j2 Global]] |date=May 16, 2013 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> In February 2015, Nintendo agreed to share the revenue with the video creators through the Nintendo Creators Program.<ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Tassi |title=Nintendo Updates Their Bad YouTube Policies By Making Them Worse |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/insertcoin/2015/02/06/nintendo-updates-their-bad-youtube-policies-by-making-them-worse/ |website=[[Forbes]] |date=February 6, 2015 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Eric |last=Johnson |title=Nintendo Wants YouTubers to Pretend Its Competitors' Games Don't Exist |url=https://www.recode.net/2015/2/4/11558648/nintendo-wants-youtubers-to-pretend-its-competitors-games-dont-exist |website=[[Recode]] |date=February 4, 2015 |access-date=March 25, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Patricia |last=Hernandez |title=Nintendo's YouTube Plan Is Already Being Panned By YouTubers [Update] |url=https://kotaku.com/nintendos-youtube-plan-is-already-being-panned-by-youtu-1682527904 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=[[Univision Communications]] |date=January 29, 2015 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> On March 20, 2019, Nintendo announced on Twitter that the company will end the Creators program. Operations for the program ceased on March 20, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last=Plunkett |first=Luke |date=November 28, 2018 |title=Nintendo's Controversial Creators Program Is Shutting Down |url=https://kotaku.com/nintendos-controversial-creators-program-is-shutting-do-1830728813 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=Kotaku |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kent |first=Emma |date=November 29, 2018 |title=Nintendo scraps controversial Creators Program, making life easier for YouTubers |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-11-29-nintendo-scraps-creators-program-making-life-much-easier-for-youtubers |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=Eurogamer |language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 11:14, 7 March 2025

YouTube
File:YouTube results screenshot.jpg
YouTube search results
Type of businessSubsidiary
Type of site
Online video platform, Social media platform
FoundedFebruary 14, 2005; 20 years ago (2005-02-14)
Headquarters901 Cherry Avenue
San Bruno, California,
United States
Area servedWorldwide (excluding blocked countries)
OwnerGoogle LLC
IndustryVideo hosting service
ParentGoogle LLC (2006–present)
URLyoutube.com/
Content license
Uploader holds copyright (standard license); Creative Commons can be selected.

YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim, three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States, it is the second-most visited website in the world, after Google Search. In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7 billion monthly active users, who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day.[1] As of May 2019[update], videos were being uploaded to the platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute,[2][3] and as of 2023[update], there were approximately 14 billion videos in total.[4]

On the 9th of October 2006, YouTube was purchased by Google for $1.65 billion[5] Google expanded YouTube's business model of generating revenue from advertisements alone, to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by and for YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube incorporated Google's AdSense program, generating more revenue for both YouTube and approved content creators. In 2023, YouTube's advertising revenue totaled $31.7 billion, a 2% increase from the $31.1 billion reported in 2022.[6] From Q4 2023 to Q3 2024, YouTube's combined revenue from advertising and subscriptions exceeded $50 billion.[7]

Since its purchase by Google, YouTube has expanded beyond the core website into mobile apps, network television, and the ability to link with other platforms. Video categories on YouTube include music videos, video clips, news, short and feature films, songs, documentaries, movie trailers, teasers, TV spots, live streams, vlogs, and more. Most content is generated by individuals, including collaborations between "YouTubers" and corporate sponsors. Established media, news, and entertainment corporations have also created and expanded their visibility to YouTube channels in order to reach greater audiences.

YouTube has had unprecedented social impact, influencing popular culture, internet trends, and creating multimillionaire celebrities. Despite its growth and success, the platform has been criticized for its facilitation of the spread of misinformation and copyrighted content, routinely violating its users' privacy, excessive censorship, promoting far-right content, endangering the safety of children and their well-being, and for its inconsistent implementation of platform guidelines.

Features

Main article: List of YouTube features

YouTube offers different features based on user verification, such as standard or basic features like uploading videos, creating playlists, and using YouTube Music, with limits based on daily activity (verification via phone number or channel history increases feature availability and daily usage limits); intermediate or additional features like longer videos (over 15 minutes), live streaming, custom thumbnails, and creating podcasts; advanced features like content ID appeals, embedding live streams, applying for monetization, clickable links, adding chapters, and pinning comments on videos or posts.[8]

Videos

In January 2012, it was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical US citizen watching television.[9] In 2017, viewers on average watched YouTube on mobile devices for more than an hour every day.[10]

In December 2012, two billion views were removed from the view counts of Universal and Sony music videos on YouTube, prompting a claim by The Daily Dot that the views had been deleted due to a violation of the site's terms of service, which ban the use of automated processes to inflate view counts. This was disputed by Billboard, which said that the two billion views had been moved to Vevo, since the videos were no longer active on YouTube.[11][12] On August 5, 2015, YouTube patched the formerly notorious behavior which caused a video's view count to freeze at "301" (later "301+") until the actual count was verified to prevent view count fraud.[13] YouTube view counts once again updated in real time.[14]

Since September 2019, subscriber counts are abbreviated. Only three leading digits of channels' subscriber counts are indicated publicly, compromising the function of third-party real-time indicators such as that of Social Blade. Exact counts remain available to channel operators inside YouTube Studio.[15]

On November 11, 2021, after testing out this change in March of the same year, YouTube announced it would start hiding dislike counts on videos, making them invisible to viewers. The company stated the decision was in response to experiments which confirmed that smaller YouTube creators were more likely to be targeted in dislike brigading and harassment. Creators will still be able to see the number of likes and dislikes in the YouTube Studio dashboard tool, according to YouTube.[16][17][18]

YouTube has an estimate 14 billion videos[4] with about 5% of those never having a view and just over 85% of them have fewer than 1,000 views.[19]

Services

YouTube Premium

Main article: YouTube Premium
File:YouTube Premium logo 2024.svg
Logo of YouTube Premium

YouTube Premium (formerly YouTube Red) is YouTube's premium subscription service. It offers advertising-free streaming, access to original programming, and background and offline video playback on mobile devices.[20] YouTube Premium was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as "Music Key", a subscription music streaming service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the existing Google Play Music "All Access" service.[21][22][23] On October 28, 2015, the service was relaunched as YouTube Red, offering ad-free streaming of all videos and access to exclusive original content.[24][25][26] As of November 2016[update], the service has 1.5 million subscribers, with a further million on a free-trial basis.[27] As of June 2017[update], the first season of YouTube Originals had received 250 million views in total.[28]

YouTube Kids

Main article: YouTube Kids
File:YouTube Kids logo.svg
Logo of YouTube Kids

YouTube Kids is an American children's video app developed by YouTube, a subsidiary of Google. The app was developed in response to parental and government scrutiny on the content available to children. The app provides a version of the service-oriented towards children, with curated selections of content, parental control features, and filtering of videos deemed inappropriate viewing for children aged under 13, 8 or 5 depending on the age grouping chosen. First released on February 15, 2015, as an Android and iOS mobile app, the app has since been released for LG, Samsung, and Sony smart TVs, as well as for Android TV. On May 27, 2020, it became available on Apple TV. As of September 2019, the app is available in 69 countries, including Hong Kong and Macau, and one province. YouTube launched a web-based version of YouTube Kids on August 30, 2019.

YouTube Music

Main article: YouTube Music
File:YouTube Music 2024.svg
Logo of YouTube Music

On September 28, 2016, YouTube named Lyor Cohen, the co-founder of 300 Entertainment and former Warner Music Group executive, the Global Head of Music.[29]

In early 2018, Cohen began hinting at the possible launch of YouTube's new subscription music streaming service, a platform that would compete with other services such as Spotify and Apple Music.[30] On May 22, 2018, the music streaming platform named "YouTube Music" was launched.[31][32]

YouTube Movies & TV

YouTube Movies & TV is a video on demand service that offers movies and television shows for purchase or rental, depending on availability, along with a selection of movies (encompassing between 100 and 500 titles overall) that are free to stream, with interspersed ad breaks. YouTube began offering free-to-view movie titles to its users in November 2018; selections of new movies are added and others removed, unannounced each month.[33]

In March 2021, Google announced plans to gradually deprecate the Google Play Movies & TV app, and eventually migrate all users to the YouTube app's Movies & TV store to view, rent and purchase movies and TV shows (first affecting Roku, Samsung, LG, and Vizio smart TV users on July 15).[34][35] Google Play Movies & TV formally shut down on January 17, 2024, with the web version of that platform migrated to YouTube as an expansion of the Movies & TV store to desktop users. (Other functions of Google Play Movies & TV were integrated into the Google TV service.)[36]

YouTube Primetime Channels

On November 1, 2022, YouTube launched Primetime Channels, a channel store platform offering third-party subscription streaming add-ons sold a la carte through the YouTube website and app, competing with similar subscription add-on stores operated by Apple, Prime Video and Roku. The add-ons can be purchased through the YouTube Movies & TV hub or through the official YouTube channels of the available services; subscribers of YouTube TV add-ons that are sold through Primetime Channels can also access their content via the YouTube app and website. A total of 34 streaming services (including Paramount+, Showtime, Starz, MGM+, AMC+ and ViX+) were initially available for purchase.[37][38]

NFL Sunday Ticket, as part of a broader residential distribution deal with Google signed in December 2022 that also made it available to YouTube TV subscribers, was added to Primetime Channels as a standalone add-on on August 16, 2023.[39][40] The ad-free tier of Max was added to Primetime Channels on December 12, 2023, coinciding with YouTube TV converting its separate HBO (for base plan subscribers) and HBO Max (for all subscribers) linear/VOD add-ons into a single combined Max offering.[41][42][note 1]

YouTube TV

Main article: YouTube TV
File:YouTube TV logo.svg
Logo of YouTube TV

On February 28, 2017, in a press announcement held at YouTube Space Los Angeles, YouTube announced YouTube TV, an over-the-top MVPD-style subscription service that would be available for United States customers at a price of US$65 per month. Initially launching in five major markets (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia and San Francisco) on April 5, 2017,[43][44] the service offers live streams of programming from the five major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, The CW, Fox and NBC, along with selected MyNetworkTV affiliates and independent stations in certain markets), as well as approximately 60 cable channels owned by companies such as The Walt Disney Company, Paramount Global, Fox Corporation, NBCUniversal, Allen Media Group and Warner Bros. Discovery (including among others Bravo, USA Network, Syfy, Disney Channel, CNN, Cartoon Network, E!, Fox Sports 1, Freeform, FX and ESPN).[45][46]

Subscribers can also receive premium cable channels (including HBO (via a combined Max add-on that includes in-app and log-in access to the service), Cinemax, Showtime, Starz and MGM+) and other subscription services (such as NFL Sunday Ticket, MLB.tv, NBA League Pass, Curiosity Stream and Fox Nation) as optional add-ons for an extra fee, and can access YouTube Premium original content.[45][46] In September 2022, YouTube TV began allowing customers to purchase most of its premium add-ons (excluding certain services such as NBA League Pass and AMC+) without an existing subscription to its base package.[47]

YouTube Go

File:YouTube Go.svg
Logo of YouTube Go

In September 2016, YouTube Go was announced,[48] as an Android app created for making YouTube easier to access on mobile devices in emerging markets. It was distinct from the company's main Android app and allowed videos to be downloaded and shared with other users. It also allowed users to preview videos, share downloaded videos through Bluetooth, and offered more options for mobile data control and video resolution.[49]

In February 2017, YouTube Go was launched in India, and expanded in November 2017 to 14 other countries, including Nigeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Kenya, and South Africa.[50][51] On February 1, 2018, it was rolled out in 130 countries worldwide, including Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, and Iraq. Before it shut down, the app was available to around 60% of the world's population.[52][53] In May 2022, Google announced that they would be shutting down YouTube Go in August 2022.[54]

YouTube Shorts

Main article: YouTube Shorts
File:TikTok and YouTube Shorts example.webm
An example video that is suitable for YouTube Shorts, showing Crew Dragon Endeavour docking at the International Space Station

In September 2020, YouTube announced that it would be launching a beta version of a new platform of 15-second videos, similar to TikTok, called YouTube Shorts.[55][56] The platform was first tested in India but as of March 2021 has expanded to other countries including the United States with videos now able to be up to 1 minute long.[57] The platform is not a standalone app, but is integrated into the main YouTube app. Like TikTok, it gives users access to built-in creative tools, including the possibility of adding licensed music to their videos.[58] The platform had its global beta launch in July 2021.[59]

YouTube Stories

In 2018, YouTube started testing a new feature initially called "YouTube Reels".[60] The feature was nearly identical to Instagram Stories and Snapchat Stories. YouTube later renamed the feature "YouTube Stories". It was only available to creators who had more than 10,000 subscribers and could only be posted/seen in the YouTube mobile app.[61] On May 25, 2023, YouTube announced that they would be shutting down this feature on June 26, 2023.[62][63]

YouTube VR

Main article: YouTube VR

In November 2016, YouTube released YouTube VR, a dedicated version with an interface for VR devices, for Google's Daydream mobile VR platform on Android.[64] In November 2018, YouTube VR was released on the Oculus Store for the Oculus Go headset.[64] YouTube VR was updated since for compatibility with successive Quest devices, and was ported to Pico 4.[65]

YouTube VR allows for access to all YouTube-hosted videos, but particularly supports headset access for 360° and 180°-degree video (both in 2D and stereoscopic 3D). Starting with the Oculus Quest, the app was updated for compatibility with mixed-reality passthrough modes on VR headsets. In April 2024, YouTube VR was updated to support 8K SDR video on Meta Quest 3.[66]

See also

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File:Portal-puzzle.png Internet portal
File:Portal-puzzle.png San Francisco Bay Area portal
File:Portal-puzzle.png United States portal

Notes

  1. ↑ Max's Primetime Channels and YouTube TV add-ons both offer in-app access to the streaming service's full content library (as well as provider login access to the standalone Max app and website), and live feeds of HBO's linear channels (limited to the primary East Coast feed on the Primetime Channels version) and the Max-exclusive CNN Max and Bleacher Report streaming channels.

References

  1. ↑ Goodrow, Cristos (February 27, 2017). "You know what's cool? A billion hours" (in en-US). https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/you-know-whats-cool-billion-hours. 
  2. ↑ Loke Hale, James (May 7, 2019). "More Than 500 Hours Of Content Are Now Being Uploaded To YouTube Every Minute". TubeFilter (Los Angeles, CA). https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/05/07/number-hours-video-uploaded-to-youtube-per-minute/. 
  3. ↑ Neufeld, Dorothy (January 27, 2021). "The 50 Most Visited Websites in the World" (in en-US). https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-50-most-visited-websites-in-the-world/. 
  4. ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 McGrady, Ryan (2024-01-26). "What We Discovered on 'Deep YouTube'" (in en). https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/01/how-many-videos-youtube-research/677250/. 
  5. ↑ Hooker, Lucy (February 1, 2016). "How did Google become the world's most valuable company?" (in en-GB). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35460398. 
  6. ↑ "Alphabet Q1 2024 Earnings Release". https://abc.xyz/assets/91/b3/3f9213d14ce3ae27e1038e01a0e0/2024q1-alphabet-earnings-release-pdf.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "Google CFO Discusses YouTube's Advertising and Subscription Revenue". https://www.businessinsider.com/google-cfo-analysts-ai-subscription-growth-2024-9. 
  8. ↑ "Access to YouTube tools & features". YouTube Help. https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9890437. 
  9. ↑ Seabrook, John (January 16, 2012). "Streaming Dreams". The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/01/16/120116fa_fact_seabrook?currentPage=all. 
  10. ↑ "Updates from VidCon: more users, more products, more shows and much more". https://youtube.googleblog.com/2017/06/updates-from-vidcon-more-users-more.html. 
  11. ↑ Hoffberger, Chase (December 21, 2012). "YouTube strips Universal and Sony of 2 billion fake views". The Daily Dot. Complex Media, Inc.. https://www.dailydot.com/news/youtube-universal-sony-fake-views-black-hat/. 
  12. ↑ Sabbagh, Dan (December 28, 2012). "Two billion YouTube music video views disappear ... or just migrate?". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/28/youtube-video-views-disappear-migrate. 
  13. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ↑ "Abbreviated public-facing subscriber counts" (in en). 2019. https://youtube-eng.googleblog.com/2019/08/abbreviated-public-facing-subscriber.html. 
  16. ↑ Spangler, Todd (March 30, 2021). "YouTube Launches Test to Hide Video 'Dislike' Counts" (in en-US). https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/youtube-test-hide-dislike-counts-1234940845/. 
  17. ↑ Perez, Sarah (March 30, 2021). "YouTube tests hiding dislike counts on videos" (in en-US). https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/30/youtube-tests-hiding-dislike-counts-on-videos/. 
  18. ↑ "YouTube to hide dislike counts for all videos on the platform: Here's all you need to know" (in en-US). MSN. November 11, 2021. https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/topstories/youtube-to-hide-dislike-counts-for-all-videos-on-the-platform-heres-all-you-need-to-know/ar-AAQAxJc. 
  19. ↑ McGrady, Ryan; Zheng, Kevin; Curran, Rebecca; Baumgartner, Jason; Zuckerman, Ethan (2023-12-20). "Dialing for Videos: A Random Sample of YouTube" (in en). Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media 3. doi:10.51685/jqd.2023.022. ISSN 2673-8813. https://journalqd.org/article/view/4066/3766. 
  20. ↑ "YouTube Premium". https://www.youtube.com/premium. 
  21. ↑ Trew, James (November 12, 2014). "YouTube unveils Music Key subscription service, here's what you need to know". AOL. https://www.engadget.com/2014/11/12/youtube-launches-music-key/. 
  22. ↑ Newton, Casey (November 12, 2014). "YouTube announces plans for a subscription music service". https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/12/7201969/youtube-music-key-new-subscription-service. 
  23. ↑ Spangler, Todd (November 12, 2014). "YouTube Launches 'Music Key' Subscription Service with More Than 30 Million Songs". https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/youtube-launches-music-key-subscription-service-with-more-than-30-million-songs-1201354498/. 
  24. ↑ Spangler, Todd (October 21, 2015). "YouTube Red Unveiled: Ad-Free Streaming Service Priced Same as Netflix". https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/youtube-red-launches-ad-free-svod-netflix-1201623219/. 
  25. ↑ Amadeo, Ron (October 21, 2015). ""YouTube Red" offers premium YouTube for $9.99 a month, $12.99 for iOS users". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/10/youtube-red-offers-premium-youtube-for-9-99-a-month-12-99-for-ios-users/. 
  26. ↑ Popper, Ben (October 21, 2015). "A first look at the ad-free YouTube Red subscription service". https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/21/9586656/youtube-red-subscription-service-hands-on-video-release-date. 
  27. ↑ Roberts, Hannah (November 3, 2016). "YouTube's ad-free paid subscription service looks like it is struggling to take off". https://nordic.businessinsider.com/membership-of-youtubes-paid-subscription-service-is-low-2016-11. 
  28. ↑ "YouTube Red originals have racked up nearly 250 million views". June 22, 2017. https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/22/15855570/youtube-red-originals-250-million-views. 
  29. ↑ "Lyor Cohen Named YouTube's Global Head of Music". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7525695/lyor-cohen-named-youtube-global-head-of-music. 
  30. ↑ "How YouTube Is Playing the Peacemaker With Musicians" (in en). Fortune. https://fortune.com/2018/01/04/youtube-lyor-cohen/. 
  31. ↑ "Inside YouTube's New Subscription Music Streaming Service". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8457379/inside-youtube-new-subscription-music-streaming-service. 
  32. ↑ Snapes, Laura; Sweney, Mark (May 17, 2018). "YouTube to launch new music streaming service" (in en). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/may/17/youtube-music-new-streaming-service-launch. 
  33. ↑ "YouTube is now showing ad-supported Hollywood movies". November 16, 2018. https://adage.com/article/digital/youtube-starts-showing-free-hollywood-movies-ad-breaks/315631. 
  34. ↑ "Changes to Google Play Movies & TV on certain smart TVS - Google Play Community". https://support.google.com/googleplay/thread/102498448?hl=en. 
  35. ↑ Clark, Mitchell (April 12, 2021). "Google is removing its Play Movies and TV app from every Roku and most smart TVs" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/12/22380593/google-play-movies-tv-app-smart-tvs-roku-samsung-lg-vizio-youtube-support. 
  36. ↑ Jay Peters (December 11, 2023). "Google is finally saying goodbye to Google Play Movies & TV". https://www.theverge.com/2023/12/11/23997066/google-play-movies-tv-app-removal. 
  37. ↑ Spangler, Todd (November 1, 2022). "YouTube Is Reselling Subscriptions to 34 Streaming Services, Including Paramount+ and Showtime". https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/youtube-primetime-channels-subscriptions-paramount-plus-showtime-1235419502/. 
  38. ↑ Holt, Kris (September 30, 2022). "You can now buy some YouTube TV add-ons without the $65 base plan". https://www.engadget.com/youtube-tv-add-on-channel-subscriptions-172712214.html. 
  39. ↑ "Google's YouTube Grabs NFL Sunday Ticket in Seven-Year Deal". December 22, 2022. https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/youtube-tv-nfl-sunday-ticket-2023-season-1235468074/. 
  40. ↑ "NFL, Google announce agreement to distribute NFL Sunday Ticket on YouTube TV, Primetime Channels". December 22, 2022. https://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-google-nfl-sunday-ticket-youtube-tv-youtube-primetime-channels. 
  41. ↑ "Max Now Available on YouTube Primetime Channels" (Press release). Warner Bros. Discovery. December 12, 2023. https://wbd.com/max-now-available-on-youtube-primetime-channels/. 
  42. ↑ Rowan Davies (December 13, 2023). "Max becomes a YouTube primetime channel inductee - ads not included". Future US, Inc.. https://www.techradar.com/streaming/max-becomes-a-youtube-primetime-channel-inductee-ads-not-included. 
  43. ↑ "YouTube TV launches today. It has some cool features and some big drawbacks". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. April 5, 2017. https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-youtube-tv-20170405-story.html. 
  44. ↑ Warren, Christina (April 5, 2017). "YouTube Is Officially in the Live TV Game Now". Gizmodo Media Group. https://gizmodo.com/youtube-is-officially-in-the-live-tv-game-now-1794049030. 
  45. ↑ Jump up to: 45.0 45.1 Lee, Dave (March 1, 2017). "YouTube takes on cable with new TV service". BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39124092. 
  46. ↑ Jump up to: 46.0 46.1 Huddleston, Tom Jr (March 1, 2017). "Meet YouTube TV: Google's Live TV Subscription Service". Fortune. https://fortune.com/2017/02/28/youtube-tv-live-streaming-subscription/. 
  47. ↑ Jason Gurwin (September 27, 2022). "YouTube TV Launches New Option to Purchase Channel Add-Ons Without a Base Plan". https://thestreamable.com/news/youtube-tv-launches-new-option-to-purchase-add-ons-without-a-base-plan. 
  48. ↑ Byford, Sam (September 27, 2016). "YouTube Go is a new app for offline viewing and sharing". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/27/13070804/youtube-go-announced-india-offline. 
  49. ↑ Dave, Paresh (February 1, 2018). "YouTube's emerging markets-focused app expands to 130 countries". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-youtube/youtubes-emerging-markets-focused-app-expands-to-130-countries-idUSKBN1FL5ZI. 
  50. ↑ Singh, Manish (February 9, 2017). "YouTube Go is finally here, kind of". Mashable. https://mashable.com/2017/02/09/youtube-go-release-india/. 
  51. ↑ Ho, Victoria (November 30, 2017). "Data-friendly YouTube Go beta launches in Southeast Asia, Africa". Mashable. https://mashable.com/2017/11/30/youtube-go-southeast-asia-africa. 
  52. ↑ Perez, Sarah. "Google's data-friendly app YouTube Go expands to over 130 countries, now supports higher quality videos" (in en). TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/01/googles-data-friendly-app-youtube-go-expands-to-over-130-countries-now-supports-higher-quality-videos/. 
  53. ↑ "Google's 'offline first' YouTube Go app launches in 130 new markets, but not the U.S.". February 2018. https://venturebeat.com/2018/02/01/googles-offline-first-youtube-go-app-launches-globally/. 
  54. ↑ Malik, Aisha (May 5, 2022). "YouTube Go is shutting down in August" (in en-US). https://techcrunch.com/2022/05/05/youtube-go-shutting-down-august/. 
  55. ↑ "YouTube's TikTok rival to be tested in India" (in en-GB). BBC News. September 15, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-54156997. 
  56. ↑ Perez, Sarah (September 14, 2020). "YouTube launches its TikTok rival, YouTube Shorts, initially in India". https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/14/youtube-launches-its-tiktok-rival-youtube-shorts-initially-in-india/. 
  57. ↑ Amadeo, Ron (March 1, 2021). "YouTube's TikTok clone, "YouTube Shorts," is live in the US" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/03/youtubes-tiktok-clone-youtube-shorts-is-live-in-the-us/. 
  58. ↑ "YouTube Shorts launches in India after Delhi TikTok ban" (in en). September 15, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/sep/15/youtube-shorts-launches-in-india-after-delhi-tiktok-ban. 
  59. ↑ "YouTube's TikTok competitor YouTube Shorts is rolling out globally" (in en). July 13, 2021. https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/13/22575063/youtube-shorts-global-roll-out-tiktok-short-form-video. 
  60. ↑ Gilliland, Nikki (December 5, 2018). "What is YouTube Stories and will it catch on?". https://econsultancy.com/what-is-youtube-stories-will-it-catch-on/. 
  61. ↑ "Express yourself with Stories". November 25, 2019. https://creatoracademy.youtube.com/page/course/express-with-stories. 
  62. ↑ "YouTube Stories are Going Away on 6/26/2023 – YouTube Community". https://support.google.com/youtube/thread/217640760. 
  63. ↑ Amadeo, Ron (May 25, 2023). "YouTube Stories, Google's clone of Snapchat, is dying on June 26". https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/05/youtube-is-killing-off-youtube-stories-its-snapchat-clone/. 
  64. ↑ Jump up to: 64.0 64.1 VR, Oculus. "Press Play: 'YouTube VR' Available Now on Oculus Go | Meta Quest Blog" (in en). https://www.meta.com/blog/quest/press-play-youtube-vr-available-now-on-oculus-go-/. 
  65. ↑ "Pico 4 Gets Official YouTube VR App" (in en). December 6, 2023. https://www.uploadvr.com/pico-4-official-youtube-vr-app/. 
  66. ↑ "8K Playback on Meta Quest 3 Available Now" (in en). https://www.oculus.com/experiences/quest/developer-post/1850578212124322/. 

Further reading

External links

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