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| image_map = Pennsylvania in United States.svg
| image_map = Pennsylvania in United States.svg
| seat = [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]
| seat = [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]
| LargestCity = [[Philadelphia]]
| LargestCity = Philadelphia
| LargestCounty = [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]
| LargestCounty = [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]
| LargestMetro = [[Delaware Valley]]
| LargestMetro = [[Delaware Valley]]
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Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 through a royal [[land grant]] to [[William Penn]], the son of [[William Penn (Royal Navy officer)|the state's namesake]]. Prior to that, between 1638 and 1655, a southeast portion of the state was part of [[New Sweden]], a [[Swedish Empire]] colony. Established as a haven for religious and political tolerance, the [[British colonization of the Americas|colonial-era]] [[Province of Pennsylvania]] was known for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, [[County commission|innovative government system]], and [[religious tolerance|religious pluralism]].  
Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 through a royal [[land grant]] to [[William Penn]], the son of [[William Penn (Royal Navy officer)|the state's namesake]]. Prior to that, between 1638 and 1655, a southeast portion of the state was part of [[New Sweden]], a [[Swedish Empire]] colony. Established as a haven for religious and political tolerance, the [[British colonization of the Americas|colonial-era]] [[Province of Pennsylvania]] was known for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, [[County commission|innovative government system]], and [[religious tolerance|religious pluralism]].  


Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the [[American Revolution]] and the ultimately successful quest for independence from the [[British Empire]], hosting the [[First Continental Congress|First]] and [[Second Continental Congress]] in [[Philadelphia]], which formed the [[Continental Army]] and appointed [[George Washington]] as its commander in 1775, and unanimously adopted the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] the following year.<ref name="American Creation">{{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Joseph |url=https://archive.org/details/americancreation0000elli_t3w8 |title=American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic |date=2007 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-26369-8 |location=New York |pages=55–56 |author-link=Joseph Ellis |url-access=registration}}</ref> On December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania was the second state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]].<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/pennsylvania U.S. News | Best States | Pennsylvania]</ref>  
Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the [[American Revolution]] and the ultimately successful quest for independence from the [[British Empire]], hosting the [[First Continental Congress|First]] and [[Second Continental Congress]] in Philadelphia, which formed the [[Continental Army]] and appointed [[George Washington]] as its commander in 1775, and unanimously adopted the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] the following year.<ref name="American Creation">{{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Joseph |url=https://archive.org/details/americancreation0000elli_t3w8 |title=American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic |date=2007 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-26369-8 |location=New York |pages=55–56 |author-link=Joseph Ellis |url-access=registration}}</ref> On December 12, 1787, Pennsylvania was the second state to ratify the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]].<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/pennsylvania U.S. News | Best States | Pennsylvania]</ref>  


In July 1863, the [[Battle of Gettysburg]], fought over three days in and around [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]], was the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the American Civil War, claiming over 50,000 [[Union Army|Union]] and [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] fatalities and repelling [[Robert E. Lee]]'s invasion of the North, leading to the [[Conclusion of the American Civil War|Union's preservation]]. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state's manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, [[skyscraper]]s, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories in World War I, [[World War II]], and the [[Cold War]].
In July 1863, the [[Battle of Gettysburg]], fought over three days in and around [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]], was the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the American Civil War, claiming over 50,000 [[Union Army|Union]] and [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] fatalities and repelling [[Robert E. Lee]]'s invasion of the North, leading to the [[Conclusion of the American Civil War|Union's preservation]]. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state's manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, [[skyscraper]]s, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories in World War I, [[World War II]], and the [[Cold War]].
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[[File:Shelter_House_Emmaus_PA_2.JPG|thumb|[[Shelter House]] in [[Emmaus, Pennsylvania|Emmaus]], constructed in 1734 by [[Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania German]] settlers, is the oldest continuously occupied building structure in the [[Lehigh Valley]] and one of the oldest in Pennsylvania<ref>[https://shelterhouseemmaus.org/about/ Shelter House official website], retrieved May 4, 2022</ref>]]
[[File:Shelter_House_Emmaus_PA_2.JPG|thumb|[[Shelter House]] in [[Emmaus, Pennsylvania|Emmaus]], constructed in 1734 by [[Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania German]] settlers, is the oldest continuously occupied building structure in the [[Lehigh Valley]] and one of the oldest in Pennsylvania<ref>[https://shelterhouseemmaus.org/about/ Shelter House official website], retrieved May 4, 2022</ref>]]
[[File:Independence_Hall.jpg|thumb|[[Independence Hall]] in [[Philadelphia]], where the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and  [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]] were adopted in 1776 and 1787-88, respectively]]
[[File:Independence_Hall.jpg|thumb|[[Independence Hall]] in Philadelphia, where the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and  [[Constitution of the United States|United States Constitution]] were adopted in 1776 and 1787-88, respectively]]


Between 1730 and when the Pennsylvania Colony was shut down by [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] with the [[Currency Act]] in 1764, the Pennsylvania Colony made its own paper money to account for the shortage of actual gold and silver. The paper money was called [[Colonial Scrip]].
Between 1730 and when the Pennsylvania Colony was shut down by [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] with the [[Currency Act]] in 1764, the Pennsylvania Colony made its own paper money to account for the shortage of actual gold and silver. The paper money was called [[Colonial Scrip]].
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The Colony issued bills of credit, which were as good as gold or silver coins because of their legal tender status. Since they were issued by the government and not a banking institution, they were interest-free, largely defraying the expense of the government and therefore taxation of the people. It also promoted general employment and prosperity, since the government used discretion and did not issue excessive amounts that inflated the currency. [[Benjamin Franklin]] had a hand in creating this currency, whose utility, he said, was never to be disputed. The currency also met with "cautious approval" by [[Adam Smith]].<ref>Hamilton, Alexander and Syrett, Harold C. ''The Papers of Alexander Hamilton''. 1963, page 240.</ref>
The Colony issued bills of credit, which were as good as gold or silver coins because of their legal tender status. Since they were issued by the government and not a banking institution, they were interest-free, largely defraying the expense of the government and therefore taxation of the people. It also promoted general employment and prosperity, since the government used discretion and did not issue excessive amounts that inflated the currency. [[Benjamin Franklin]] had a hand in creating this currency, whose utility, he said, was never to be disputed. The currency also met with "cautious approval" by [[Adam Smith]].<ref>Hamilton, Alexander and Syrett, Harold C. ''The Papers of Alexander Hamilton''. 1963, page 240.</ref>


In 1740, Franklin also founded the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in [[Philadelphia]]. The university, one of nine [[colonial colleges]], was the first college established in Pennsylvania and one of the first in the nation. Today, it is an [[Ivy League]] university, which is routinely ranked among the world's best universities.<ref name="oldestcolleges2">{{cite web |title=The Five Oldest Colleges in Pennsylvania |url=https://classroom.synonym.com/five-oldest-colleges-pennsylvania-7886287.html |access-date=February 25, 2022 |publisher=Classroom}}</ref> [[Dickinson College]] in [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]], founded by [[Benjamin Rush]] and named after John Dickinson, was the first college founded after [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] and the unification of the states.<ref name="oldestcolleges2" /> Established in 1773, it was ratified on September 9, 1783, five days after the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]].
In 1740, Franklin also founded the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in Philadelphia. The university, one of nine [[colonial colleges]], was the first college established in Pennsylvania and one of the first in the nation. Today, it is an [[Ivy League]] university, which is routinely ranked among the world's best universities.<ref name="oldestcolleges2">{{cite web |title=The Five Oldest Colleges in Pennsylvania |url=https://classroom.synonym.com/five-oldest-colleges-pennsylvania-7886287.html |access-date=February 25, 2022 |publisher=Classroom}}</ref> [[Dickinson College]] in [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]], founded by [[Benjamin Rush]] and named after John Dickinson, was the first college founded after [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] and the unification of the states.<ref name="oldestcolleges2" /> Established in 1773, it was ratified on September 9, 1783, five days after the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]].


[[James Smith (frontiersman)|James Smith]] wrote that in 1763, "the Indians again commenced hostilities, and were busily engaged in killing and scalping the frontier inhabitants in various parts of Pennsylvania. This state was then a Quaker government, and at the first of this war the frontiers received no assistance from the state."<ref>{{cite web |year=1799 |title=An account of the remarkable occurrences in the life and travels of Colonel James Smith (Late a citizen of Bourbon County, Kentucky) : during his captivity with the Indians, in the years 1755,'56, '57, '58, & '59 |url=https://archive.org/details/accountofremarka00smit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131120248/https://archive.org/details/accountofremarka00smit |archive-date=January 31, 2015 |access-date=November 16, 2014 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Lexington: John Bradford}}</ref> The ensuing hostilities became known as [[Pontiac's War]].
[[James Smith (frontiersman)|James Smith]] wrote that in 1763, "the Indians again commenced hostilities, and were busily engaged in killing and scalping the frontier inhabitants in various parts of Pennsylvania. This state was then a Quaker government, and at the first of this war the frontiers received no assistance from the state."<ref>{{cite web |year=1799 |title=An account of the remarkable occurrences in the life and travels of Colonel James Smith (Late a citizen of Bourbon County, Kentucky) : during his captivity with the Indians, in the years 1755,'56, '57, '58, & '59 |url=https://archive.org/details/accountofremarka00smit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131120248/https://archive.org/details/accountofremarka00smit |archive-date=January 31, 2015 |access-date=November 16, 2014 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Lexington: John Bradford}}</ref> The ensuing hostilities became known as [[Pontiac's War]].
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The [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] met in the old [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin County]] Court House until December 1821<ref name="legiscap2" /> when the [[Federal architecture|Federal]]-style Hills Capitol, named for Lancaster architect [[Stephen Hills]], was constructed on a hilltop land grant of four acres set aside for a seat of state government in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] by the son and namesake of [[John Harris, Sr.]], a [[Yorkshire]] native who founded a trading post and ferry on the east shore of the [[Susquehanna River]] in 1705.<ref>{{cite web |year=2001 |title=History of John Harris |url=https://www.angelfire.com/on/Canadiangenealogy/harris.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408203618/http://www.angelfire.com/on/Canadiangenealogy/harris.html |archive-date=April 8, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2011 |publisher=Mrs. Carlyle C. Browne (descendant of Sarah Ann Harris, fifth daughter of Alfred Bingham Harris, and granddaughter of Elisha John Harris of the Mansion, Harrisburg PA, USA)}}</ref> The Hills Capitol burned down on February 2, 1897, during a heavy snowstorm, presumably because of a faulty [[flue]].<ref name="legiscap2" />
The [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] met in the old [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin County]] Court House until December 1821<ref name="legiscap2" /> when the [[Federal architecture|Federal]]-style Hills Capitol, named for Lancaster architect [[Stephen Hills]], was constructed on a hilltop land grant of four acres set aside for a seat of state government in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] by the son and namesake of [[John Harris, Sr.]], a [[Yorkshire]] native who founded a trading post and ferry on the east shore of the [[Susquehanna River]] in 1705.<ref>{{cite web |year=2001 |title=History of John Harris |url=https://www.angelfire.com/on/Canadiangenealogy/harris.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408203618/http://www.angelfire.com/on/Canadiangenealogy/harris.html |archive-date=April 8, 2011 |access-date=February 14, 2011 |publisher=Mrs. Carlyle C. Browne (descendant of Sarah Ann Harris, fifth daughter of Alfred Bingham Harris, and granddaughter of Elisha John Harris of the Mansion, Harrisburg PA, USA)}}</ref> The Hills Capitol burned down on February 2, 1897, during a heavy snowstorm, presumably because of a faulty [[flue]].<ref name="legiscap2" />


The General Assembly met at a nearby [[Methodism|Methodist Church]] until a new capitol could be built. Following an architectural selection contest, [[Chicago]] architect [[Henry Ives Cobb]] was asked to design and build a replacement building. However, the legislature had little money to allocate to the project. When they dubbed the roughly finished, somewhat industrial Cobb Capitol building complete, the General Assembly refused to occupy the building. In 1901, political and popular indignation prompted a second contest that was restricted to Pennsylvania architects; [[Joseph Miller Huston]] of Philadelphia was chosen to design the present [[Pennsylvania State Capitol]] that incorporated Cobb's building into a magnificent public work, finished and dedicated in 1907.<ref name="legiscap2" />
The General Assembly met at a nearby [[Methodism|Methodist Church]] until a new capitol could be built. Following an architectural selection contest, Chicago architect [[Henry Ives Cobb]] was asked to design and build a replacement building. However, the legislature had little money to allocate to the project. When they dubbed the roughly finished, somewhat industrial Cobb Capitol building complete, the General Assembly refused to occupy the building. In 1901, political and popular indignation prompted a second contest that was restricted to Pennsylvania architects; [[Joseph Miller Huston]] of Philadelphia was chosen to design the present [[Pennsylvania State Capitol]] that incorporated Cobb's building into a magnificent public work, finished and dedicated in 1907.<ref name="legiscap2" />


[[James Buchanan]], a [[Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Franklin County]] native, served as the 15th U.S. president and was the first president to be born in Pennsylvania.<ref name="jimbo2">{{cite web |title=James Buchanan White House biography |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803013954/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html |archive-date=August 3, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> The [[Battle of Gettysburg]], the major turning point of the American Civil War, took place near [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]] in July 1863.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Gettysburg |url=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/b/b3/200px-Dddr66.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114202108/http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/b/b3/200px-Dddr66.jpg |archive-date=January 14, 2009 |access-date=February 20, 2008 }}</ref> An estimated 350,000 Pennsylvanians served in the [[Union Army]] forces, including 8,600 African American [[military volunteer]]s.
[[James Buchanan]], a [[Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Franklin County]] native, served as the 15th U.S. president and was the first president to be born in Pennsylvania.<ref name="jimbo2">{{cite web |title=James Buchanan White House biography |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803013954/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html |archive-date=August 3, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> The [[Battle of Gettysburg]], the major turning point of the American Civil War, took place near [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]] in July 1863.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Gettysburg |url=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/b/b3/200px-Dddr66.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114202108/http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/b/b3/200px-Dddr66.jpg |archive-date=January 14, 2009 |access-date=February 20, 2008 }}</ref> An estimated 350,000 Pennsylvanians served in the [[Union Army]] forces, including 8,600 African American [[military volunteer]]s.
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[[File:Pennsylvania Köppen.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] in Pennsylvania]]
[[File:Pennsylvania Köppen.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] in Pennsylvania]]
[[File:Flickr - Nicholas T - Endless Mountains Landscape (1).jpg|thumb|Autumn in [[North Branch Township, Pennsylvania|North Branch Township]] in [[Wyoming County, Pennsylvania|Wyoming County]] in October 2011]]
[[File:Flickr - Nicholas T - Endless Mountains Landscape (1).jpg|thumb|Autumn in [[North Branch Township, Pennsylvania|North Branch Township]] in [[Wyoming County, Pennsylvania|Wyoming County]] in October 2011]]
Pennsylvania's diverse topography produces a variety of climates, though the entire state experiences cold winters and humid summers. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, except for the southeastern corner, has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb''). The southern portion of the state has a [[humid subtropical]] climate. The largest city, [[Philadelphia]], has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'').
Pennsylvania's diverse topography produces a variety of climates, though the entire state experiences cold winters and humid summers. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, except for the southeastern corner, has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb''). The southern portion of the state has a [[humid subtropical]] climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'').


Summers are generally hot and humid. Moving toward the mountainous interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increases, and snowfall amounts are greater. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near [[Lake Erie]], can receive over {{convert|100|in|cm}} of snowfall annually, and the entire state receives plentiful precipitation throughout the year. The state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into autumn. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, such as 30 recorded tornadoes in 2011; generally speaking, these tornadoes do not cause significant damage.<ref>[http://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/Pennsylvania.html/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517123642/http://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/Pennsylvania.html/|date=May 17, 2015}}</ref>
Summers are generally hot and humid. Moving toward the mountainous interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increases, and snowfall amounts are greater. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near [[Lake Erie]], can receive over {{convert|100|in|cm}} of snowfall annually, and the entire state receives plentiful precipitation throughout the year. The state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into autumn. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, such as 30 recorded tornadoes in 2011; generally speaking, these tornadoes do not cause significant damage.<ref>[http://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/Pennsylvania.html/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517123642/http://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/Pennsylvania.html/|date=May 17, 2015}}</ref>
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|-
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | [[Philadelphia]]
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;" | Philadelphia
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{{Main|List of municipalities in Pennsylvania}}
{{Main|List of municipalities in Pennsylvania}}
{{See also|List of counties in Pennsylvania|List of cities in Pennsylvania|List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania|List of townships in Pennsylvania||List of county seats in Pennsylvania (by population)|List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania|List of populated places in Pennsylvania}}
{{See also|List of counties in Pennsylvania|List of cities in Pennsylvania|List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania|List of townships in Pennsylvania||List of county seats in Pennsylvania (by population)|List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania|List of populated places in Pennsylvania}}
Cities in Pennsylvania include [[Philadelphia]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Lebanon]], and [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] in the southeast, [[Pittsburgh]] in the southwest, and the tri-cities of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], and [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]] in the central east, known as the [[Lehigh Valley]]. The [[Northeastern Pennsylvania|northeast]] includes the former [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] mining cities of [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]], [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], [[Pittston, Pennsylvania|Pittston]], [[Nanticoke, Pennsylvania|Nanticoke]], and [[Hazleton, Pennsylvania|Hazleton]]. [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] is located in the northwest. [[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]] is located in the central region. [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania|Williamsport]] is in the north-central region with [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]], and the state capital [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] on the [[Susquehanna River]] in the east-central region of the state. [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]] and [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania|Johnstown]] are in the state's west-central region.
Cities in Pennsylvania include Philadelphia, [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Lebanon]], and [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] in the southeast, [[Pittsburgh]] in the southwest, and the tri-cities of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], and [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]] in the central east, known as the [[Lehigh Valley]]. The [[Northeastern Pennsylvania|northeast]] includes the former [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] mining cities of [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]], [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], [[Pittston, Pennsylvania|Pittston]], [[Nanticoke, Pennsylvania|Nanticoke]], and [[Hazleton, Pennsylvania|Hazleton]]. [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] is located in the northwest. [[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]] is located in the central region. [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania|Williamsport]] is in the north-central region with [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], [[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]], and the state capital [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] on the [[Susquehanna River]] in the east-central region of the state. [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]] and [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania|Johnstown]] are in the state's west-central region.


The state's three-most populated cities, in order of size, are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Allentown.
The state's three-most populated cities, in order of size, are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Allentown.
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===Place of origin===
===Place of origin===
Among Pennsylvania residents, as of 2020, nearly three out of four, 74.5%, are native to the state and were born in Pennsylvania, 18.4% were born in a different U.S. state, 1.5% were born in [[Puerto Rico]], U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 5.6% were foreign born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_SF4/DP02/0400000US42|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212102855/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_SF4/DP02/0400000US42|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder—Results|access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref> Foreign-born Pennsylvanians are largely from Asia (36.0%), Europe (35.9%), and Latin America (30.6%) with the remainder from Africa (5%), North America (3.1%), and Oceania (0.4%). The state's largest ancestry groups, expressed as a percentage of total people who responded with a particular ancestry for the 2010 census, were [[German Americans|German]] 28.5%, [[Irish Americans|Irish]] 18.2%, [[Italian Americans|Italian]] 12.8%, [[African Americans]] 9.6%, [[English Americans|English]] 8.5%, [[Polish Americans|Polish]] 7.2%, and [[French Americans|French]] 4.2%.<ref>{{cite web |author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/08_3YR/DP3YR2/0400000US42 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212083238/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/08_3YR/DP3YR2/0400000US42 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |access-date=July 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf |title=Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania |access-date=November 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127044304/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf |archive-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2018, the top countries of origin for Pennsylvania's immigrants were [[India]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[China]], [[Mexico]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_pennsylvania.pdf|title=Immigrants in Pennsylvania}}</ref>
Among Pennsylvania residents, as of 2020, nearly three out of four, 74.5%, are native to the state and were born in Pennsylvania, 18.4% were born in a different U.S. state, 1.5% were born in [[Puerto Rico]], U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 5.6% were foreign born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_SF4/DP02/0400000US42|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212102855/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_SF4/DP02/0400000US42|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder—Results|access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref> Foreign-born Pennsylvanians are largely from Asia (36.0%), Europe (35.9%), and Latin America (30.6%) with the remainder from Africa (5%), North America (3.1%), and Oceania (0.4%). The state's largest ancestry groups, expressed as a percentage of total people who responded with a particular ancestry for the 2010 census, were [[German Americans|German]] 28.5%, [[Irish Americans|Irish]] 18.2%, [[Italian Americans|Italian]] 12.8%, [[African Americans]] 9.6%, [[English Americans|English]] 8.5%, [[Polish Americans|Polish]] 7.2%, and [[French Americans|French]] 4.2%.<ref>{{cite web |author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/08_3YR/DP3YR2/0400000US42 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212083238/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/08_3YR/DP3YR2/0400000US42 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |access-date=July 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf |title=Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania |access-date=November 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127044304/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf |archive-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2018, the top countries of origin for Pennsylvania's immigrants were [[India]], the [[Dominican Republic]], China, [[Mexico]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_pennsylvania.pdf|title=Immigrants in Pennsylvania}}</ref>


===Race and ethnicity===
===Race and ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Pennsylvania.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Ethnic origins of Pennsylvanians]]
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Pennsylvania.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Ethnic origins of Pennsylvanians]]
The vast majority of Pennsylvania's population is made up of whites, blacks and Hispanics, with the latter two being minorities and having significant populations. Non-Hispanic Whites make up the majority of Pennsylvania; they are mostly descended from German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Italian, and English immigrants. Rural portions of South Central Pennsylvania are recognized nationally for their [[Amish#Population and distribution|Amish communities]]. [[Wyoming Valley]], including [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], has the highest percentage of white residents of any metropolitan area with a population of 500,000 or above in the U.S.; in Wyoming Valley, 96.2% of the population claim to be white with no Hispanic background. The state's Hispanic or Latino American population grew by 82.6% between 2000 and 2010, marking one of the largest increases in a state's Hispanic population. The significant growth of the Hispanic or Latino population is due to migration to the state mainly from [[Puerto Rico]], a U.S. territory, and to a lesser extent immigration from countries such as the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], and various [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]n nations and a wave of Hispanic and Latinos leaving [[New York City]] and [[New Jersey]] for safer and more affordable living.{{cn|date=September 2024}}
The vast majority of Pennsylvania's population is made up of whites, blacks and Hispanics, with the latter two being minorities and having significant populations. Non-Hispanic Whites make up the majority of Pennsylvania; they are mostly descended from German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Italian, and English immigrants. Rural portions of South Central Pennsylvania are recognized nationally for their [[Amish#Population and distribution|Amish communities]]. [[Wyoming Valley]], including [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], has the highest percentage of white residents of any metropolitan area with a population of 500,000 or above in the U.S.; in Wyoming Valley, 96.2% of the population claim to be white with no Hispanic background. The state's Hispanic or Latino American population grew by 82.6% between 2000 and 2010, marking one of the largest increases in a state's Hispanic population. The significant growth of the Hispanic or Latino population is due to migration to the state mainly from [[Puerto Rico]], a U.S. territory, and to a lesser extent immigration from countries such as the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], and various [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]n nations and a wave of Hispanic and Latinos leaving New York City and [[New Jersey]] for safer and more affordable living.{{cn|date=September 2024}}


The majority of Hispanic or Latino Americans in Pennsylvania are of [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story |title=The Daily Journal—Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs |website=USA Today |access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011425/http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story |archive-date=September 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the remaining Hispanic or Latino population is made up of [[Mexican American|Mexicans]] and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the majority of Hispanics and Latinos are concentrated in Philadelphia, the [[Lehigh Valley]], and South Central Pennsylvania.<ref name="annest">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |title=Annual Estimates of the Population |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120132138/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |archive-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref> The Hispanic or Latino population is greatest in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]], [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], and around Philadelphia. As of 2010, the vast majority of Hispanics and Latino Americans in Pennsylvania, about 85%, live within a {{convert|150|mi|km|adj=mid}} radius of Philadelphia, and about 20% live in the city itself.
The majority of Hispanic or Latino Americans in Pennsylvania are of [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story |title=The Daily Journal—Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs |website=USA Today |access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904011425/http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story |archive-date=September 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the remaining Hispanic or Latino population is made up of [[Mexican American|Mexicans]] and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the majority of Hispanics and Latinos are concentrated in Philadelphia, the [[Lehigh Valley]], and South Central Pennsylvania.<ref name="annest">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |title=Annual Estimates of the Population |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120132138/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |archive-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref> The Hispanic or Latino population is greatest in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]], [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], and around Philadelphia. As of 2010, the vast majority of Hispanics and Latino Americans in Pennsylvania, about 85%, live within a {{convert|150|mi|km|adj=mid}} radius of Philadelphia, and about 20% live in the city itself.


The Asian population swelled by almost 60%, mostly Indian, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigrants, and many Asians moving to [[Philadelphia]] from New York City. The rapid growth of this community has given Pennsylvania one of the largest Asian populations in the nation. The African American population grew by 13%, which was the largest increase in that population among the state's peers of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], and [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data—2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203009/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> Pennsylvania has a high in-migration of black and Hispanic people from other nearby states with the eastern and south-central portions of the state seeing the bulk of the increases.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu">{{cite web |url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |title=Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics |date=March 9, 2011 |website=Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu |access-date=June 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215817/https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |title=Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go—Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños |website=cuny.edu |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032407/http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |archive-date=July 22, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref>
The Asian population swelled by almost 60%, mostly Indian, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigrants, and many Asians moving to Philadelphia from New York City. The rapid growth of this community has given Pennsylvania one of the largest Asian populations in the nation. The African American population grew by 13%, which was the largest increase in that population among the state's peers of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], and [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data—2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203009/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> Pennsylvania has a high in-migration of black and Hispanic people from other nearby states with the eastern and south-central portions of the state seeing the bulk of the increases.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu">{{cite web |url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |title=Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics |date=March 9, 2011 |website=Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu |access-date=June 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215817/https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |title=Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go—Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños |website=cuny.edu |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032407/http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |archive-date=July 22, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref>


Among the state's black population, the vast majority in the state are African American. There are also a growing number of black residents of [[West Indian American|West Indian]], [[African immigration to the United States|recent African]], and [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic or Latino]] origins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |title=American FactFinder—Results |author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS) |website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Blacks live in the Philadelphia area, Pittsburgh, or South Central Pennsylvania.{{cn|date=September 2024}} Additionally, in 2020, 31,052 identified as being Native American alone, and 158,112 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref name="visualCensus">{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>
Among the state's black population, the vast majority in the state are African American. There are also a growing number of black residents of [[West Indian American|West Indian]], [[African immigration to the United States|recent African]], and [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic or Latino]] origins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |title=American FactFinder—Results |author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS) |website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Blacks live in the Philadelphia area, Pittsburgh, or South Central Pennsylvania.{{cn|date=September 2024}} Additionally, in 2020, 31,052 identified as being Native American alone, and 158,112 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref name="visualCensus">{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>
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As of 2024, Pennsylvania's [[gross state product]] (GSP) of $1.017 trillion is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP|sixth-largest]] among all U.S. states behind [[California]], [[Texas]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Florida]], and [[Illinois]]. <ref name="GDPByState">{{cite web |title=GDP by State |url=https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state |website=GDP by State &#124; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) |publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref> If Pennsylvania [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|were an independent country]], its economy, as of 2023, would rank as the 20th-largest in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=32&pr.y=19&sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,672,914,946,612,137,614,546,311,962,213,674,911,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,199,646,733,648,184,915,524,134,361,652,362,174,364,328,732,258,366,656,734,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698,668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|language=en-US|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024038/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=32&pr.y=19&sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,672,914,946,612,137,614,546,311,962,213,674,911,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,199,646,733,648,184,915,524,134,361,652,362,174,364,328,732,258,366,656,734,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698,668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|archive-date=January 31, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On a per capita basis, Pennsylvania's 2021 per capita income of $68,957 ranks 21st among the 50 states.<ref name="stategdp">{{cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|title=Regional Economic Accounts|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501132003/https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|archive-date=May 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2016, there were 5,354,964 people in employment in Pennsylvania with 301,484 total employer establishments. As of January 2024, the state's unemployment rate is 3.4%.<ref>[https://www.media.pa.gov/Pages/Labor-and-Industry-Details.aspx?newsid=831 "Pennsylvania’s Unemployment Rate At 3.4% In January As Total Nonfarm Jobs Sets New Record High For Sixth Straight Month"], Pennsylvania Press Room, March 8, 2024</ref>
As of 2024, Pennsylvania's [[gross state product]] (GSP) of $1.017 trillion is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP|sixth-largest]] among all U.S. states behind [[California]], [[Texas]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Florida]], and [[Illinois]]. <ref name="GDPByState">{{cite web |title=GDP by State |url=https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state |website=GDP by State &#124; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) |publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref> If Pennsylvania [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|were an independent country]], its economy, as of 2023, would rank as the 20th-largest in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=32&pr.y=19&sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,672,914,946,612,137,614,546,311,962,213,674,911,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,199,646,733,648,184,915,524,134,361,652,362,174,364,328,732,258,366,656,734,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698,668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|language=en-US|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024038/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=32&pr.y=19&sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,672,914,946,612,137,614,546,311,962,213,674,911,676,193,548,122,556,912,678,313,181,419,867,513,682,316,684,913,273,124,868,339,921,638,948,514,943,218,686,963,688,616,518,223,728,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,142,156,449,626,564,628,565,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,359,960,453,423,968,935,922,128,714,611,862,321,135,243,716,248,456,469,722,253,942,642,718,643,724,939,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,199,646,733,648,184,915,524,134,361,652,362,174,364,328,732,258,366,656,734,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698,668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|archive-date=January 31, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On a per capita basis, Pennsylvania's 2021 per capita income of $68,957 ranks 21st among the 50 states.<ref name="stategdp">{{cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|title=Regional Economic Accounts|access-date=January 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501132003/https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|archive-date=May 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2016, there were 5,354,964 people in employment in Pennsylvania with 301,484 total employer establishments. As of January 2024, the state's unemployment rate is 3.4%.<ref>[https://www.media.pa.gov/Pages/Labor-and-Industry-Details.aspx?newsid=831 "Pennsylvania’s Unemployment Rate At 3.4% In January As Total Nonfarm Jobs Sets New Record High For Sixth Straight Month"], Pennsylvania Press Room, March 8, 2024</ref>


The state has five manufacturing centers: [[Philadelphia]] in the southeast, [[Pittsburgh]] in the southwest, [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] in the northwest, [[Wyoming Valley|Scranton-Wilkes-Barre]] in the northeast, and the [[Lehigh Valley]] in the east.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/103-11042003-190258.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113215908/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/103-11042003-190258.html|url-status=dead|title=Appeals court races wrap up with focus on voter mobilization|archive-date=January 13, 2005|access-date=September 1, 2006}}</ref>
The state has five manufacturing centers: Philadelphia in the southeast, [[Pittsburgh]] in the southwest, [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] in the northwest, [[Wyoming Valley|Scranton-Wilkes-Barre]] in the northeast, and the [[Lehigh Valley]] in the east.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/103-11042003-190258.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113215908/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/103-11042003-190258.html|url-status=dead|title=Appeals court races wrap up with focus on voter mobilization|archive-date=January 13, 2005|access-date=September 1, 2006}}</ref>


Pennsylvania is home to 23 of the nation's 500 largest companies that comprise the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]], including two that rank in the top 100, [[Cencora]] (formerly AmeriSource Bergen) in [[Conshohocken, Pennsylvania|Conshohocken]], which is the nation's 11th-largest company, and [[Comcast]] in Philadelphia, which is the 29th-largest.<ref>[https://patch.com/pennsylvania/across-pa/23-pa-companies-make-fortune-500-list-2023 "23 PA Companies Make Fortune 500 List For 2023"], Patch, June 6, 2023.</ref> Philadelphia is home to six of the ''Fortune'' 500 companies,<ref name="F500">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/PA.html |title=Fortune 500 |work=CNN|date=April 30, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822202259/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/PA.html |archive-date=August 22, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> with more located in suburbs like [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]]; it is a leader in the financial<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phlx.com/ |title=Philadelphia stock exchange |publisher=Phlx.com |date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603041053/http://www.phlx.com/ |archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and insurance industries. Pittsburgh is home to eight ''Fortune'' 500 companies, including [[U.S. Steel]], [[PPG Industries]], [[Heinz]], and [[GE Transportation]].<ref name="F500" /> Hershey is home to [[The Hershey Company]], one of the world's largest chocolate manufacturers. In eastern Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Valley has become an epicenter for the growth of the U.S. [[logistics]] industry, including [[warehousing]] and the [[intermodal freight transport|intermodal transport]] of goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inboundlogistics.com/articles/logistics-hotspots-nine-that-shine/|title=Eastern Pennsylvania: Epicenter of Growth|date=September 20, 2016 |publisher= Inbound Logistics|access-date=January 4, 2023}}</ref>
Pennsylvania is home to 23 of the nation's 500 largest companies that comprise the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]], including two that rank in the top 100, [[Cencora]] (formerly AmeriSource Bergen) in [[Conshohocken, Pennsylvania|Conshohocken]], which is the nation's 11th-largest company, and [[Comcast]] in Philadelphia, which is the 29th-largest.<ref>[https://patch.com/pennsylvania/across-pa/23-pa-companies-make-fortune-500-list-2023 "23 PA Companies Make Fortune 500 List For 2023"], Patch, June 6, 2023.</ref> Philadelphia is home to six of the ''Fortune'' 500 companies,<ref name="F500">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/PA.html |title=Fortune 500 |work=CNN|date=April 30, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822202259/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/states/PA.html |archive-date=August 22, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> with more located in suburbs like [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]]; it is a leader in the financial<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phlx.com/ |title=Philadelphia stock exchange |publisher=Phlx.com |date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603041053/http://www.phlx.com/ |archive-date=June 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and insurance industries. Pittsburgh is home to eight ''Fortune'' 500 companies, including [[U.S. Steel]], [[PPG Industries]], [[Heinz]], and [[GE Transportation]].<ref name="F500" /> Hershey is home to [[The Hershey Company]], one of the world's largest chocolate manufacturers. In eastern Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Valley has become an epicenter for the growth of the U.S. [[logistics]] industry, including [[warehousing]] and the [[intermodal freight transport|intermodal transport]] of goods.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inboundlogistics.com/articles/logistics-hotspots-nine-that-shine/|title=Eastern Pennsylvania: Epicenter of Growth|date=September 20, 2016 |publisher= Inbound Logistics|access-date=January 4, 2023}}</ref>
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[[File:Pennsylvania-counties-map.gif|thumb|[[List of counties in Pennsylvania|Map of Pennsylvania's 67 counties]]]]
[[File:Pennsylvania-counties-map.gif|thumb|[[List of counties in Pennsylvania|Map of Pennsylvania's 67 counties]]]]
Pennsylvania is divided into 67 [[county (United States)|counties]].<ref name="PA Manual 6-3">''The Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 6-3.</ref> Counties are further subdivided into municipalities that are either incorporated as cities, [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|boroughs]], or [[Township (Pennsylvania)|townships]].<ref name="PA Manual 6-5">''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 6-5.</ref> The most populous county in Pennsylvania and [[List of the most populous counties in the United States|24th-most populous county]] in the United States  
Pennsylvania is divided into 67 [[county (United States)|counties]].<ref name="PA Manual 6-3">''The Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 6-3.</ref> Counties are further subdivided into municipalities that are either incorporated as cities, [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|boroughs]], or [[Township (Pennsylvania)|townships]].<ref name="PA Manual 6-5">''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 6-5.</ref> The most populous county in Pennsylvania and [[List of the most populous counties in the United States|24th-most populous county]] in the United States  
is [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]], which includes the city of [[Philadelphia]], with a 2020 population of 1,603,797; the state's least populous county is [[Cameron County, Pennsylvania|Cameron]] with a population of 4,547.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu" />
is [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]], which includes the city of Philadelphia, with a 2020 population of 1,603,797; the state's least populous county is [[Cameron County, Pennsylvania|Cameron]] with a population of 4,547.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu" />


There are a total of 56 cities in Pennsylvania, which are classified by population as either first-class, second-class, or third-class cities.<ref name="PA Manual 6-3" /><ref>''The Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 6-46.</ref> Philadelphia, the state's largest city with a population exceeding 1.6 million, is Pennsylvania's only first-class city.<ref name="PA Manual 6-5" /> [[Pittsburgh]] (303,000) and [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] (76,000) are second-class and second-class 'A' cities, respectively.<ref name="PA Manual 6-5" /> All of the state's remaining cities including [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], the state's third-largest city, and [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], its fourth-largest, to [[Parker, Pennsylvania|Parker]], the state's smallest city with a population of only 820, are designated as third-class cities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Pennsylvania |year=2010 |website=Population Estimates |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-04-42.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709111603/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-04-42.xls |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 9, 2011 |format=[[Microsoft Excel|XLS]] |access-date=July 4, 2010 }}</ref> First- and second-class cities are governed by a "strong mayor" form of [[mayor–council government]], whereas third-class cities are governed by either a "weak mayor" form of government or a [[council–manager government]].<ref name="PA Manual 6-5" />
There are a total of 56 cities in Pennsylvania, which are classified by population as either first-class, second-class, or third-class cities.<ref name="PA Manual 6-3" /><ref>''The Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 6-46.</ref> Philadelphia, the state's largest city with a population exceeding 1.6 million, is Pennsylvania's only first-class city.<ref name="PA Manual 6-5" /> [[Pittsburgh]] (303,000) and [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] (76,000) are second-class and second-class 'A' cities, respectively.<ref name="PA Manual 6-5" /> All of the state's remaining cities including [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], the state's third-largest city, and [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], its fourth-largest, to [[Parker, Pennsylvania|Parker]], the state's smallest city with a population of only 820, are designated as third-class cities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Pennsylvania |year=2010 |website=Population Estimates |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-04-42.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709111603/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-04-42.xls |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 9, 2011 |format=[[Microsoft Excel|XLS]] |access-date=July 4, 2010 }}</ref> First- and second-class cities are governed by a "strong mayor" form of [[mayor–council government]], whereas third-class cities are governed by either a "weak mayor" form of government or a [[council–manager government]].<ref name="PA Manual 6-5" />
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[[Sales tax]]es provide 39% of Pennsylvania's state revenue; [[State income tax|personal income taxes]] 34%; motor vehicle taxes about 12%, and taxes on [[Cigarette tax#Taxation|cigarettes]] and alcoholic beverages 5%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.revenue.pa.gov:443/Pages/default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515021138/http://www.revenue.state.pa.us/revenue/CWP/view.asp?Q=261929&A=208 |url-status=dead |title=PA Department of Revenue Homepage |archive-date=May 15, 2008|website=Pennsylvania Department of Revenue}}</ref> The personal income tax is a flat 3.07%. An individual's taxable income is based on the following eight types of income: compensation (salary); interest; dividends; net profits from the operation of a business, profession or farm; net gains or income from the dispositions of property; net gains or income from rents, royalties, patents and copyrights; income derived through estates or trusts; and gambling and [[lottery]] winnings (other than [[Pennsylvania Lottery]] winnings).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/personal_income_tax/11409 |title=Personal Income Tax |publisher=Portal.state.pa.us |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125171618/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/personal_income_tax/11409 |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Sales tax]]es provide 39% of Pennsylvania's state revenue; [[State income tax|personal income taxes]] 34%; motor vehicle taxes about 12%, and taxes on [[Cigarette tax#Taxation|cigarettes]] and alcoholic beverages 5%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.revenue.pa.gov:443/Pages/default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515021138/http://www.revenue.state.pa.us/revenue/CWP/view.asp?Q=261929&A=208 |url-status=dead |title=PA Department of Revenue Homepage |archive-date=May 15, 2008|website=Pennsylvania Department of Revenue}}</ref> The personal income tax is a flat 3.07%. An individual's taxable income is based on the following eight types of income: compensation (salary); interest; dividends; net profits from the operation of a business, profession or farm; net gains or income from the dispositions of property; net gains or income from rents, royalties, patents and copyrights; income derived through estates or trusts; and gambling and [[lottery]] winnings (other than [[Pennsylvania Lottery]] winnings).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/personal_income_tax/11409 |title=Personal Income Tax |publisher=Portal.state.pa.us |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125171618/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/personal_income_tax/11409 |archive-date=November 25, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Counties, municipalities, and [[school district]]s levy taxes on real estate. In addition, some local bodies assess a [[income tax|wage tax]] on personal income. Generally, the total wage tax rate is capped at 1% of income but some municipalities with [[home rule]] charters may charge more than 1%. Thirty-two of Pennsylvania's sixty-seven counties levy a [[property tax|personal property tax]] on stocks, bonds, and similar holdings. With the exception of the city of [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, municipalities and school districts are allowed to enact a local earned income tax within the purview of Act 32. Residents of these municipalities and school districts are required to file a local income tax return in addition to federal and state returns. This local return is filed with the local income tax collector, a private collection agency appointed by a particular county to collect the local earned income and local services tax (the latter a flat fee deducted from salaried employees working within a particular municipality or school district).<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Income Tax Information |url=http://dced.pa.gov/local-government/local-income-tax-information/ |website=PA Department of Community & Economic Development |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201022801/http://dced.pa.gov/local-government/local-income-tax-information/#.WD8AMuYrJEY |archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Counties, municipalities, and [[school district]]s levy taxes on real estate. In addition, some local bodies assess a [[income tax|wage tax]] on personal income. Generally, the total wage tax rate is capped at 1% of income but some municipalities with [[home rule]] charters may charge more than 1%. Thirty-two of Pennsylvania's sixty-seven counties levy a [[property tax|personal property tax]] on stocks, bonds, and similar holdings. With the exception of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, municipalities and school districts are allowed to enact a local earned income tax within the purview of Act 32. Residents of these municipalities and school districts are required to file a local income tax return in addition to federal and state returns. This local return is filed with the local income tax collector, a private collection agency appointed by a particular county to collect the local earned income and local services tax (the latter a flat fee deducted from salaried employees working within a particular municipality or school district).<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Income Tax Information |url=http://dced.pa.gov/local-government/local-income-tax-information/ |website=PA Department of Community & Economic Development |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201022801/http://dced.pa.gov/local-government/local-income-tax-information/#.WD8AMuYrJEY |archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[Philadelphia]] has its own local income taxation system. Philadelphia-based employers are required to withhold the Philadelphia wage tax from the salaries of their employees. Residents of Philadelphia working for an employer are not required to file a local return as long as their Philadelphia wage tax is fully withheld by their employer. If their employer does not withhold the Philadelphia wage tax, residents are required to register with the Revenue Department and file an Earnings Tax return. Residents of Philadelphia with self-employment income are required to file a Net Profits Tax (NPT) return, while those with business income from Philadelphia sources are required to obtain a Commercial Activity License (CAL) and pay the Business Income and Receipts Tax (BIRT) and the NPT. Residents with unearned income except interest from checking and savings accounts are required to file and pay the School Income-tax (SIT).<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Revenue |url=https://beta.phila.gov/departments/department-of-revenue/ |website=City of Philadelphia |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014425/https://beta.phila.gov/departments/department-of-revenue/ |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Philadelphia has its own local income taxation system. Philadelphia-based employers are required to withhold the Philadelphia wage tax from the salaries of their employees. Residents of Philadelphia working for an employer are not required to file a local return as long as their Philadelphia wage tax is fully withheld by their employer. If their employer does not withhold the Philadelphia wage tax, residents are required to register with the Revenue Department and file an Earnings Tax return. Residents of Philadelphia with self-employment income are required to file a Net Profits Tax (NPT) return, while those with business income from Philadelphia sources are required to obtain a Commercial Activity License (CAL) and pay the Business Income and Receipts Tax (BIRT) and the NPT. Residents with unearned income except interest from checking and savings accounts are required to file and pay the School Income-tax (SIT).<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Revenue |url=https://beta.phila.gov/departments/department-of-revenue/ |website=City of Philadelphia |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014425/https://beta.phila.gov/departments/department-of-revenue/ |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>


The complexity of Pennsylvania's local tax filing system has been criticized by experts, who note that the outsourcing of collections to private entities is akin to [[tax farming]] and that many new residents are caught off guard and end up facing failure to file penalties even if they did not owe any tax. Attempts to transfer local income tax collections to the state level by having a separate local section on the state income tax return, currently the method used to collect local income taxes in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Maryland]], [[Indiana]], and [[Iowa]], have been unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taking a Closer Look at Government: Pennsylvania's Local Taxation "System"|url=http://issuespa.org/content/taking-closer-look-government-pennsylvanias-local-taxation-system |website=issuespa.org|access-date=November 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015143/http://issuespa.org/content/taking-closer-look-government-pennsylvanias-local-taxation-system |archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
The complexity of Pennsylvania's local tax filing system has been criticized by experts, who note that the outsourcing of collections to private entities is akin to [[tax farming]] and that many new residents are caught off guard and end up facing failure to file penalties even if they did not owe any tax. Attempts to transfer local income tax collections to the state level by having a separate local section on the state income tax return, currently the method used to collect local income taxes in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Maryland]], [[Indiana]], and [[Iowa]], have been unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taking a Closer Look at Government: Pennsylvania's Local Taxation "System"|url=http://issuespa.org/content/taking-closer-look-government-pennsylvanias-local-taxation-system |website=issuespa.org|access-date=November 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201015143/http://issuespa.org/content/taking-closer-look-government-pennsylvanias-local-taxation-system |archive-date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Since the latter half of the 20th century, Pennsylvania has been perceived as a powerful [[swing state]], and winning Pennsylvania has since been deemed as essential to [[President of the United States|U.S. presidential candidates]]. Only thrice between [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]] and [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] (1932, 1948, and [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], Harry S. Truman, and [[Richard Nixon]], respectively) has a presidential candidate been able to win the White House while losing Pennsylvania.
Since the latter half of the 20th century, Pennsylvania has been perceived as a powerful [[swing state]], and winning Pennsylvania has since been deemed as essential to [[President of the United States|U.S. presidential candidates]]. Only thrice between [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]] and [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] (1932, 1948, and [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], Harry S. Truman, and [[Richard Nixon]], respectively) has a presidential candidate been able to win the White House while losing Pennsylvania.


Between 1992 and 2016, Pennsylvania trended Democratic in presidential elections; [[Bill Clinton]] won the state twice by large margins and [[Al Gore]] won it by a slightly closer margin in 2000. In the 2004 presidential election, [[John F. Kerry]] beat President [[George W. Bush]] in Pennsylvania, 2,938,095 (51%) to 2,793,847 (48%). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat [[Barack Obama]] defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[John McCain]] in Pennsylvania, 3,276,363 (54%) to 2,655,885 (44%).
Between 1992 and 2016, Pennsylvania trended Democratic in presidential elections; [[Bill Clinton]] won the state twice by large margins and [[Al Gore]] won it by a slightly closer margin in 2000. In the 2004 presidential election, [[John F. Kerry]] beat President George W. Bush in Pennsylvania, 2,938,095 (51%) to 2,793,847 (48%). In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat [[Barack Obama]] defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[John McCain]] in Pennsylvania, 3,276,363 (54%) to 2,655,885 (44%).


In the [[2016 United States presidential election]], however, Republican [[Donald Trump]] broke the Democratic streak in the state, winning by 2,970,733 (48%) votes to 2,926,441 (47%) votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/donald-trump-becomes-st-republican-to-win-pennsylvania-since/article_9173e044-a647-11e6-885f-a35dd164ac8c.html|title=Donald Trump becomes 1st Republican to win Pennsylvania since 1988|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=LancasterOnline|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112051813/http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/donald-trump-becomes-st-republican-to-win-pennsylvania-since/article_9173e044-a647-11e6-885f-a35dd164ac8c.html|archive-date=November 12, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The state returned to the Democratic column in [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|2020]] by voting for [[Joe Biden]] over Trump, 3,458,229 (50%) to 3,377,674 (49%). The state holds 19 [[United States Electoral College|electoral]] votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of State Electoral Votes For The 2024 Election |url=https://state.1keydata.com/state-electoral-votes.php |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=state.1keydata.com}}</ref>
In the [[2016 United States presidential election]], however, Republican [[Donald Trump]] broke the Democratic streak in the state, winning by 2,970,733 (48%) votes to 2,926,441 (47%) votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/donald-trump-becomes-st-republican-to-win-pennsylvania-since/article_9173e044-a647-11e6-885f-a35dd164ac8c.html|title=Donald Trump becomes 1st Republican to win Pennsylvania since 1988|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=LancasterOnline|access-date=November 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112051813/http://lancasteronline.com/news/local/donald-trump-becomes-st-republican-to-win-pennsylvania-since/article_9173e044-a647-11e6-885f-a35dd164ac8c.html|archive-date=November 12, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The state returned to the Democratic column in [[2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|2020]] by voting for [[Joe Biden]] over Trump, 3,458,229 (50%) to 3,377,674 (49%). The state holds 19 [[United States Electoral College|electoral]] votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of State Electoral Votes For The 2024 Election |url=https://state.1keydata.com/state-electoral-votes.php |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=state.1keydata.com}}</ref>
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===Higher education===
===Higher education===
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Pennsylvania}}
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Pennsylvania}}
[[File:Benjamin Franklin statue in front of College Hall.JPG|thumb|The [[Statue of Benjamin Franklin (University of Pennsylvania)|statue]] of [[Benjamin Franklin]] on the campus of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], an [[Ivy League]] institution in [[Philadelphia]] ranked one of world's top universities<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1, 2022 |title=Best National University Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities |access-date=April 27, 2022 |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>]]
[[File:Benjamin Franklin statue in front of College Hall.JPG|thumb|The [[Statue of Benjamin Franklin (University of Pennsylvania)|statue]] of [[Benjamin Franklin]] on the campus of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], an [[Ivy League]] institution in Philadelphia ranked one of world's top universities<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1, 2022 |title=Best National University Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities |access-date=April 27, 2022 |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>]]


"Pennsylvania has the fourth most higher education institutions of any state," according to [[Inside Higher Ed]], with 250 universities and colleges.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knox |first=Liam |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Fighting for Scraps in Pennsylvania |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/admissions/traditional-age/2023/07/12/pa-public-colleges-battle-students-and-funding |access-date=July 12, 2023 |work=Inside Higher Ed}}</ref> The state is ranked 2nd among the nation’s top destinations for freshman out-of-state college students, according to [[NPR]]/[[PBS]] affiliate [[WHYY-TV|WHYY]], citing a study by the [[Association of Independent Colleges and Universities of Pennsylvania]] (AICUP).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Stephen |date=September 12, 2024 |title=Pa. ranked 2nd among nation's top destinations for freshman out-of-state college students, survey says |url=https://whyy.org/articles/pennsylvania-freshman-out-of-state-students/ |access-date=September 12, 2024 |work=WHYY (NPR/PBS)}}</ref> Pennsylvania is 3rd in the nation for the quantity of "Best Colleges" according to the [[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=King |first=Brendan |date=September 5, 2024 |title=Wall Street Journal ranks Pennsylvania colleges third in the nation |url=https://www.fox43.com/article/life/announcements/wall-street-journal-pennsylvania-ranked-third-colleges/521-6c2c50c5-6b06-42b5-8280-647814cf4b89 |access-date=September 5, 2024 |work=WPMT Fox43}}</ref>  
"Pennsylvania has the fourth most higher education institutions of any state," according to [[Inside Higher Ed]], with 250 universities and colleges.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knox |first=Liam |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Fighting for Scraps in Pennsylvania |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/admissions/traditional-age/2023/07/12/pa-public-colleges-battle-students-and-funding |access-date=July 12, 2023 |work=Inside Higher Ed}}</ref> The state is ranked 2nd among the nation’s top destinations for freshman out-of-state college students, according to [[NPR]]/[[PBS]] affiliate [[WHYY-TV|WHYY]], citing a study by the [[Association of Independent Colleges and Universities of Pennsylvania]] (AICUP).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Stephen |date=September 12, 2024 |title=Pa. ranked 2nd among nation's top destinations for freshman out-of-state college students, survey says |url=https://whyy.org/articles/pennsylvania-freshman-out-of-state-students/ |access-date=September 12, 2024 |work=WHYY (NPR/PBS)}}</ref> Pennsylvania is 3rd in the nation for the quantity of "Best Colleges" according to the [[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=King |first=Brendan |date=September 5, 2024 |title=Wall Street Journal ranks Pennsylvania colleges third in the nation |url=https://www.fox43.com/article/life/announcements/wall-street-journal-pennsylvania-ranked-third-colleges/521-6c2c50c5-6b06-42b5-8280-647814cf4b89 |access-date=September 5, 2024 |work=WPMT Fox43}}</ref>  
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[[Carnegie Mellon University]], Pennsylvania State University, the [[University of Pennsylvania]], and the University of Pittsburgh are members of the [[Association of American Universities]], an invitation-only organization of leading research universities. [[Lehigh University]] is a private research university located in Bethlehem. The Pennsylvania State University is Pennsylvania's [[land-grant university]], [[National Sea Grant College Program|Sea Grant College]] and, [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space Grant College]]. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the [[first university in the United States]] and established the country's [[First university in the United States#Establishment of quarterly-education schools, issuance of any kind of "doctoral" degree|first]] [[medical school in the United States|medical school]].
[[Carnegie Mellon University]], Pennsylvania State University, the [[University of Pennsylvania]], and the University of Pittsburgh are members of the [[Association of American Universities]], an invitation-only organization of leading research universities. [[Lehigh University]] is a private research university located in Bethlehem. The Pennsylvania State University is Pennsylvania's [[land-grant university]], [[National Sea Grant College Program|Sea Grant College]] and, [[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space Grant College]]. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the [[first university in the United States]] and established the country's [[First university in the United States#Establishment of quarterly-education schools, issuance of any kind of "doctoral" degree|first]] [[medical school in the United States|medical school]].


The University of Pennsylvania, founded in [[Philadelphia]] in 1740 by [[Benjamin Franklin]], is Pennsylvania's only [[Ivy League]] university, and is the geographically most southern of the nation's eight Ivy League universities. The [[Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine]] (LECOM) is a private graduate school of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy with a main campus in Erie, a branch campus located in [[Greensburg, Pennsylvania|Greensburg]], and two additional campuses outside Pennsylvania. It is the largest medical school in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lecom.edu/about-lecom/quick-facts/|title=Quick Facts|access-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref> The [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] is the first and oldest [[art school]] in the United States.<ref name="pafa.org">{{cite web|title=History of the School |url=http://www.pafa.org/School/Overview/History-of-the-School/350/ |website=pafa.org|access-date=April 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615012302/http://www.pafa.org/School/Overview/History-of-the-School/350/|archive-date=June 15, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Philadelphia College of Pharmacy]], now a part of [[University of the Sciences |University of the Sciences in Philadelphia]], was the first [[pharmacy school]] in the United States.<ref name="usciences.edu">{{cite web |title=About—University of the Sciences |url=http://www.usciences.edu/about/|website=usciences.edu|access-date=April 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524050754/http://www.usciences.edu/about/ |archive-date=May 24, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The University of Pennsylvania, founded in Philadelphia in 1740 by [[Benjamin Franklin]], is Pennsylvania's only [[Ivy League]] university, and is the geographically most southern of the nation's eight Ivy League universities. The [[Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine]] (LECOM) is a private graduate school of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy with a main campus in Erie, a branch campus located in [[Greensburg, Pennsylvania|Greensburg]], and two additional campuses outside Pennsylvania. It is the largest medical school in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lecom.edu/about-lecom/quick-facts/|title=Quick Facts|access-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref> The [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] is the first and oldest [[art school]] in the United States.<ref name="pafa.org">{{cite web|title=History of the School |url=http://www.pafa.org/School/Overview/History-of-the-School/350/ |website=pafa.org|access-date=April 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615012302/http://www.pafa.org/School/Overview/History-of-the-School/350/|archive-date=June 15, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Philadelphia College of Pharmacy]], now a part of [[University of the Sciences |University of the Sciences in Philadelphia]], was the first [[pharmacy school]] in the United States.<ref name="usciences.edu">{{cite web |title=About—University of the Sciences |url=http://www.usciences.edu/about/|website=usciences.edu|access-date=April 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524050754/http://www.usciences.edu/about/ |archive-date=May 24, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>


==Recreation==
==Recreation==
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Pennsylvania is home to the nation's first zoo, the [[Philadelphia Zoo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://philadelphiazoo.org/about-the-zoo/|access-date=February 12, 2020|title=Philadelphia Zoo}}</ref> Other long-accredited [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums#Accreditation|AZA]] zoos include the [[Erie Zoo]] and the [[Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium]]. The [[Lehigh Valley Zoo]] and [[ZooAmerica]] are other notable zoos.
Pennsylvania is home to the nation's first zoo, the [[Philadelphia Zoo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://philadelphiazoo.org/about-the-zoo/|access-date=February 12, 2020|title=Philadelphia Zoo}}</ref> Other long-accredited [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums#Accreditation|AZA]] zoos include the [[Erie Zoo]] and the [[Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium]]. The [[Lehigh Valley Zoo]] and [[ZooAmerica]] are other notable zoos.


Pennsylvania is home to some of the most notable museums in the nation, including the [[Allentown Art Museum]] in [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Carnegie Museums]] in [[Pittsburgh]], the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] in [[Philadelphia]], and [[:Category:Museums in Pennsylvania|several others]]. One unique museum is the [[Houdini Museum]] in Scranton, the only building in the world devoted to the legendary magician.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.houdini.org |title=Houdini Harry Houdini attractions magic Scranton Poconos Pocono birthday party show seance School Assembly Programs birthday |publisher=Houdini.org |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724162429/http://www.houdini.org/ |archive-date=July 24, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pennsylvania is also home to the [[National Aviary]], located in Pittsburgh.
Pennsylvania is home to some of the most notable museums in the nation, including the [[Allentown Art Museum]] in [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Carnegie Museums]] in [[Pittsburgh]], the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] in Philadelphia, and [[:Category:Museums in Pennsylvania|several others]]. One unique museum is the [[Houdini Museum]] in Scranton, the only building in the world devoted to the legendary magician.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.houdini.org |title=Houdini Harry Houdini attractions magic Scranton Poconos Pocono birthday party show seance School Assembly Programs birthday |publisher=Houdini.org |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724162429/http://www.houdini.org/ |archive-date=July 24, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pennsylvania is also home to the [[National Aviary]], located in Pittsburgh.


All 121 [[List of Pennsylvania state parks|state parks]] in Pennsylvania feature free admission.
All 121 [[List of Pennsylvania state parks|state parks]] in Pennsylvania feature free admission.
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===Bus and coach===
===Bus and coach===
Intercity bus service is provided between cities in Pennsylvania and other major points in the Northeast by [[Bolt Bus]], [[Fullington Trailways]], [[Greyhound Lines]], [[Martz Trailways]], [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]], [[OurBus]], [[Trans-Bridge Lines]], and various [[Chinatown bus lines|Chinatown bus]] companies. In 2018, [[OurBus]] began offering service from [[West Chester, Pennsylvania|West Chester]], [[Malvern, Pennsylvania|Malvern]], [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]], and [[Fort Washington, Pennsylvania|Fort Washington]] to [[New York City]].
Intercity bus service is provided between cities in Pennsylvania and other major points in the Northeast by [[Bolt Bus]], [[Fullington Trailways]], [[Greyhound Lines]], [[Martz Trailways]], [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]], [[OurBus]], [[Trans-Bridge Lines]], and various [[Chinatown bus lines|Chinatown bus]] companies. In 2018, [[OurBus]] began offering service from [[West Chester, Pennsylvania|West Chester]], [[Malvern, Pennsylvania|Malvern]], [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]], and [[Fort Washington, Pennsylvania|Fort Washington]] to New York City.


===Highways and roads===
===Highways and roads===
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[[File:Philly041907-002-PatsKingofSteaks.jpg|thumb|[[Pat's King of Steaks]] in [[South Philadelphia]] is widely credited with inventing the [[cheesesteak]] in 1933<ref name="Harry's Obit">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/22/us/22olivieri.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |title=''New York Times'', "Harry Olivieri, 90, Co-Inventor of Cheese Steak in Philadelphia, Dies" July 22, 2006 retrieved July 25, 2006 | work=The New York Times | date=July 22, 2006 | access-date=May 21, 2010}}</ref>]]
[[File:Philly041907-002-PatsKingofSteaks.jpg|thumb|[[Pat's King of Steaks]] in [[South Philadelphia]] is widely credited with inventing the [[cheesesteak]] in 1933<ref name="Harry's Obit">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/22/us/22olivieri.html?_r=1&oref=slogin |title=''New York Times'', "Harry Olivieri, 90, Co-Inventor of Cheese Steak in Philadelphia, Dies" July 22, 2006 retrieved July 25, 2006 | work=The New York Times | date=July 22, 2006 | access-date=May 21, 2010}}</ref>]]
[[File:Hershey Pennsylvania 1976.jpg|thumb|[[The Hershey Company]] in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]]]]
[[File:Hershey Pennsylvania 1976.jpg|thumb|[[The Hershey Company]] in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]]]]
In 2008, author Sharon Hernes Silverman wrote in the ''[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]'' that Pennsylvania was the [[snack food]] capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_546927.html |title=Pa. knack for snacks a Farm Show feature—Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |publisher=Pittsburghlive.com |date=January 11, 2008 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108051209/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_546927.html |archive-date=November 8, 2009 }}</ref> It leads all other states in the manufacture of [[pretzel]]s and [[potato chip]]s. In 1861, as the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] was beginning, [[Sturgis Pretzel House]] in [[Lititz, Pennsylvania|Lititz]] was first to introduce the pretzel to American consumers. Two other Pennsylvania-based companies, Immergut Hand-Rolled Soft Pretzels in [[Intercourse, Pennsylvania|Intercourse]] and [[Snyder's of Hanover]] in [[Hanover, Pennsylvania|Hanover]], are leading national pretzel manufacturers. Two of the nation's three leading potato chip companies are based in Pennsylvania: [[Utz Brands]], which started making chips in Hanover in 1921, and [[Wise Foods]], which started making chips in [[Berwick, Pennsylvania|Berwick]] the same year; the third, [[Frito-Lay]] is owned by [[Plano, Texas]]-based [[PepsiCo]]. Additional Pennsylvania-based companies, including [[Herr's Snacks]] in [[Nottingham, Pennsylvania|Nottingham]], [[Martin's Potato Chips]] in [[Thomasville, Pennsylvania|Thomasville]], are popular chip manufacturers.
In 2008, author Sharon Hernes Silverman wrote in the ''[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]'' that Pennsylvania was the [[snack food]] capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_546927.html |title=Pa. knack for snacks a Farm Show feature—Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |publisher=Pittsburghlive.com |date=January 11, 2008 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108051209/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_546927.html |archive-date=November 8, 2009 }}</ref> It leads all other states in the manufacture of [[pretzel]]s and [[potato chip]]s. In 1861, as the Civil War was beginning, [[Sturgis Pretzel House]] in [[Lititz, Pennsylvania|Lititz]] was first to introduce the pretzel to American consumers. Two other Pennsylvania-based companies, Immergut Hand-Rolled Soft Pretzels in [[Intercourse, Pennsylvania|Intercourse]] and [[Snyder's of Hanover]] in [[Hanover, Pennsylvania|Hanover]], are leading national pretzel manufacturers. Two of the nation's three leading potato chip companies are based in Pennsylvania: [[Utz Brands]], which started making chips in Hanover in 1921, and [[Wise Foods]], which started making chips in [[Berwick, Pennsylvania|Berwick]] the same year; the third, [[Frito-Lay]] is owned by [[Plano, Texas]]-based [[PepsiCo]]. Additional Pennsylvania-based companies, including [[Herr's Snacks]] in [[Nottingham, Pennsylvania|Nottingham]], [[Martin's Potato Chips]] in [[Thomasville, Pennsylvania|Thomasville]], are popular chip manufacturers.


[[The Hershey Company]] in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]] is a nearly $9 billion a year company and one of the world's leading manufacturers of [[chocolate]]; the company was founded in Hershey by [[Milton S. Hershey]] in 1894.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hsQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1978,4428241 |title=Chocolate Bunnies |website=The Southeast Missourian |agency=Associated Press |date=April 1, 1996 |access-date=October 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420083939/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hsQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1978,4428241 |archive-date=April 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>  [[Gertrude Hawk Chocolates]] is headquartered in [[Dunmore, Pennsylvania|Dunmore]]. Other notable companies include [[Just Born]] in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], makers of [[Hot Tamales]], [[Mike and Ike]]s, the Easter favorite marshmallow [[Peeps]], and [[Boyer Brothers]] of [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]], which manufacturers Mallo Cups. The pretzel company [[Auntie Anne's]] began as a market-stand in [[Downingtown, Pennsylvania|Downingtown]], and now has corporate headquarters in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Company History: Auntie Anne's Pretzels | publisher = Auntie Anne's | access-date = February 6, 2009 | url = http://www.auntieannes.com/company_history.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090123132324/http://auntieannes.com/company_history.aspx | archive-date = January 23, 2009 | url-status=dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Traditional Pennsylvania Dutch foods include chicken pot pie, ham pot pie, schnitz un knepp (dried apples, ham, and dumplings), [[Fasnacht (doughnut)|fasnachts]] (raised doughnuts), scrapple, pretzels, bologna, chow-chow, and [[Shoofly pie]]. [[Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe]], headquartered in [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], specializes in potato bread, another [[Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch|traditional Pennsylvania Dutch food]]. [[D.G. Yuengling & Son]], America's oldest brewery, has been brewing beer in [[Pottsville, Pennsylvania|Pottsville]] since 1829.
[[The Hershey Company]] in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]] is a nearly $9 billion a year company and one of the world's leading manufacturers of [[chocolate]]; the company was founded in Hershey by [[Milton S. Hershey]] in 1894.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hsQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1978,4428241 |title=Chocolate Bunnies |website=The Southeast Missourian |agency=Associated Press |date=April 1, 1996 |access-date=October 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420083939/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hsQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1978,4428241 |archive-date=April 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>  [[Gertrude Hawk Chocolates]] is headquartered in [[Dunmore, Pennsylvania|Dunmore]]. Other notable companies include [[Just Born]] in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], makers of [[Hot Tamales]], [[Mike and Ike]]s, the Easter favorite marshmallow [[Peeps]], and [[Boyer Brothers]] of [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]], which manufacturers Mallo Cups. The pretzel company [[Auntie Anne's]] began as a market-stand in [[Downingtown, Pennsylvania|Downingtown]], and now has corporate headquarters in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Company History: Auntie Anne's Pretzels | publisher = Auntie Anne's | access-date = February 6, 2009 | url = http://www.auntieannes.com/company_history.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090123132324/http://auntieannes.com/company_history.aspx | archive-date = January 23, 2009 | url-status=dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Traditional Pennsylvania Dutch foods include chicken pot pie, ham pot pie, schnitz un knepp (dried apples, ham, and dumplings), [[Fasnacht (doughnut)|fasnachts]] (raised doughnuts), scrapple, pretzels, bologna, chow-chow, and [[Shoofly pie]]. [[Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe]], headquartered in [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], specializes in potato bread, another [[Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch|traditional Pennsylvania Dutch food]]. [[D.G. Yuengling & Son]], America's oldest brewery, has been brewing beer in [[Pottsville, Pennsylvania|Pottsville]] since 1829.
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Pennsylvania is home to eight major league professional sports teams: the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] and [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] of [[Major League Baseball]], the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] and [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] of the [[National Football League|NFL]], the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] and [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] of the [[National Hockey League|NHL]], and the [[Philadelphia Union]] of [[Major League Soccer]]. Among them, these teams have accumulated seven{{nbsp}}[[World Series]] championships (with the Pirates winning five and Phillies winning two), 16 [[National League (baseball)|National League]] pennants (with the Pirates winning nine and Phillies winning seven), three pre-[[Super Bowl]] era NFL championships (all won by the Eagles), seven [[Super Bowl]] championships (with the Steelers winning six and the Eagles one), two NBA championships (both won by the 76ers), and seven [[Stanley Cup]] championships (with the Penguins winning five and Flyers winning two).
Pennsylvania is home to eight major league professional sports teams: the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] and [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] of [[Major League Baseball]], the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] and [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] of the [[National Football League|NFL]], the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] and [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] of the [[National Hockey League|NHL]], and the [[Philadelphia Union]] of [[Major League Soccer]]. Among them, these teams have accumulated seven{{nbsp}}[[World Series]] championships (with the Pirates winning five and Phillies winning two), 16 [[National League (baseball)|National League]] pennants (with the Pirates winning nine and Phillies winning seven), three pre-[[Super Bowl]] era NFL championships (all won by the Eagles), seven [[Super Bowl]] championships (with the Steelers winning six and the Eagles one), two NBA championships (both won by the 76ers), and seven [[Stanley Cup]] championships (with the Penguins winning five and Flyers winning two).


With [[Sports in Philadelphia|five professional sports teams]] and some of the most passionate sports fans in the nation, [[Philadelphia]] is often described as the “nation's best sports city.”<ref>[https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/ "Philly: the best sports city in America"], ''The Stanford Daily'', April 26, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/ "JJ Redick calls Philly 'the greatest sports town in America"], Philly Voice, July 13, 2022</ref>
With [[Sports in Philadelphia|five professional sports teams]] and some of the most passionate sports fans in the nation, Philadelphia is often described as the “nation's best sports city.”<ref>[https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/ "Philly: the best sports city in America"], ''The Stanford Daily'', April 26, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/ "JJ Redick calls Philly 'the greatest sports town in America"], Philly Voice, July 13, 2022</ref>


In addition to its two Major League Baseball franchises, Pennsylvania is home to two [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]]-level teams, the highest level of [[Minor League Baseball]] play. The [[Lehigh Valley IronPigs]], affiliated with the Philadelphia Phillies, are based in [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], where they play at [[Coca-Cola Park]]. The [[Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders]], affiliated with the [[New York Yankees]], are based in [[Moosic, Pennsylvania|Moosic]], where they play at [[PNC Field]].
In addition to its two Major League Baseball franchises, Pennsylvania is home to two [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]]-level teams, the highest level of [[Minor League Baseball]] play. The [[Lehigh Valley IronPigs]], affiliated with the Philadelphia Phillies, are based in [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], where they play at [[Coca-Cola Park]]. The [[Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders]], affiliated with the [[New York Yankees]], are based in [[Moosic, Pennsylvania|Moosic]], where they play at [[PNC Field]].
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