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| LargestCounty = [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion]]
| LargestCounty = [[Marion County, Indiana|Marion]]
| LargestMetro = [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Indianapolis]]
| LargestMetro = [[Indianapolis metropolitan area|Indianapolis]]
| Governor = [[Eric Holcomb]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| Governor = [[Eric Holcomb]] (R)
| Lieutenant Governor = [[Suzanne Crouch]] (R)
| Lieutenant Governor = [[Suzanne Crouch]] (R)
| Legislature = [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]]
| Legislature = [[Indiana General Assembly|General Assembly]]
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| Judiciary = [[Indiana Supreme Court]]
| Judiciary = [[Indiana Supreme Court]]
| Senators = {{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Todd Young]] (R)}}|{{nowrap|[[Mike Braun]] (R)}}}}
| Senators = {{ubl|{{nowrap|[[Todd Young]] (R)}}|{{nowrap|[[Mike Braun]] (R)}}}}
| Representative = {{ubl|7 Republicans|2 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]}}
| Representative = {{ubl|7 Republicans|2 Democrats}}
| postal_code = IN
| postal_code = IN
| TradAbbreviation = Ind.
| TradAbbreviation = Ind.
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Indiana's name means "Land of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]", or simply "Indian Land".{{efn|An earlier use of the name dates to the 1760s, when it referenced a tract of land under control of the Commonwealth of Virginia, but the area's name was discarded when it became a part of that state. See {{cite journal |last=Hodgin |first=Cyrus |year=1903 |title=The Naming of Indiana |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |format=PDF transcription |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |access-date=January 23, 2014}}}} It also stems from Indiana's territorial history. On May 7, 1800, the [[United States Congress]] passed legislation to divide the [[Northwest Territory]] into two areas and named the western section the [[Indiana Territory]]. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a part of this territorial land became the geographic area for the new state.{{efn|A portion of the Northwest Territory's eastern section became the state of [[Ohio]] in 1803. The [[Michigan Territory]] was established in 1805 from part of the Indiana Territory's northern lands and four years later, in 1809, the Illinois counties were separated from the Indiana Territory to create the [[Illinois Territory]]. See {{cite book |author1=John D. Barnhart |author2=Dorothy L. Riker |title=Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society |series=The History of Indiana |volume=I |year=1971 |location=Indianapolis |pages=311–13, 337, 353, 355, 432 }}}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=George R. |author-link=George R. Stewart |title=Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew |url-access=registration |orig-year=1945 |edition=Sentry edition (3rd) |year=1967 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew/page/191 191]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hodgin |first=Cyrus |year=1903 |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |title=The Naming of Indiana |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |format=PDF transcription |access-date=January 16, 2014}}</ref>
Indiana's name means "Land of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]", or simply "Indian Land".{{efn|An earlier use of the name dates to the 1760s, when it referenced a tract of land under control of the Commonwealth of Virginia, but the area's name was discarded when it became a part of that state. See {{cite journal |last=Hodgin |first=Cyrus |year=1903 |title=The Naming of Indiana |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |format=PDF transcription |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |access-date=January 23, 2014}}}} It also stems from Indiana's territorial history. On May 7, 1800, the [[United States Congress]] passed legislation to divide the [[Northwest Territory]] into two areas and named the western section the [[Indiana Territory]]. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a part of this territorial land became the geographic area for the new state.{{efn|A portion of the Northwest Territory's eastern section became the state of [[Ohio]] in 1803. The [[Michigan Territory]] was established in 1805 from part of the Indiana Territory's northern lands and four years later, in 1809, the Illinois counties were separated from the Indiana Territory to create the [[Illinois Territory]]. See {{cite book |author1=John D. Barnhart |author2=Dorothy L. Riker |title=Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society |series=The History of Indiana |volume=I |year=1971 |location=Indianapolis |pages=311–13, 337, 353, 355, 432 }}}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=George R. |author-link=George R. Stewart |title=Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew |url-access=registration |orig-year=1945 |edition=Sentry edition (3rd) |year=1967 |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/namesonlandhisto0000stew/page/191 191]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hodgin |first=Cyrus |year=1903 |url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |title=The Naming of Indiana |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–11 |format=PDF transcription |access-date=January 16, 2014}}</ref>


Formal use of the word ''Indiana'' dates from 1768, when a [[Philadelphia]]-based trading company gave its land claim in present-day [[West Virginia]] the name "Indiana" in honor of its previous owners, the [[Iroquois]]. Later, ownership of the claim was transferred to the [[Indiana Land Company]], the first recorded use of the word ''Indiana''. But the [[Virginia]] colony argued that it was the rightful owner of the land because it fell within its geographic boundaries. The [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]] denied the land company's right to the claim in 1798.<ref name="IHBNI">Cyrus Hodgin, {{cite journal|url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |title=The Naming of Indiana
Formal use of the word ''Indiana'' dates from 1768, when a Philadelphia-based trading company gave its land claim in present-day [[West Virginia]] the name "Indiana" in honor of its previous owners, the [[Iroquois]]. Later, ownership of the claim was transferred to the [[Indiana Land Company]], the first recorded use of the word ''Indiana''. But the [[Virginia]] colony argued that it was the rightful owner of the land because it fell within its geographic boundaries. The [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]] denied the land company's right to the claim in 1798.<ref name="IHBNI">Cyrus Hodgin, {{cite journal|url=http://www.in.gov/history/2805.htm |title=The Naming of Indiana
| volume =1 |issue=1 | year =1903 | pages =3–11  
| volume =1 |issue=1 | year =1903 | pages =3–11  
|access-date=July 23, 2018 |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana Historical Society}}</ref>
|access-date=July 23, 2018 |journal=Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana Historical Society}}</ref>
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The tribes in Indiana did not give up: they captured [[Fort Ouiatenon]] and [[Forts of Fort Wayne, Indiana#Fort Miami|Fort Miami]] during [[Pontiac's Rebellion]]. The British royal proclamation of 1763 designated the land west of the [[Appalachians]] for Native American use, and excluded British colonists from the area, which the Crown called "Indian Territory".
The tribes in Indiana did not give up: they captured [[Fort Ouiatenon]] and [[Forts of Fort Wayne, Indiana#Fort Miami|Fort Miami]] during [[Pontiac's Rebellion]]. The British royal proclamation of 1763 designated the land west of the [[Appalachians]] for Native American use, and excluded British colonists from the area, which the Crown called "Indian Territory".


In 1775, the [[American Revolutionary War]] began as the colonists sought self-government and independence from the British. The majority of the fighting took place near the East Coast, but the Patriot military officer [[George Rogers Clark]] called for an army to help fight the British in the west.<ref>Brill, p. 31–32.</ref> Clark's army won significant battles and took over [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]] and [[Fort Sackville]] on February 25, 1779.<ref name="NO">{{cite web |title=Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |url=https://www.in.gov/history/2695.htm#events |access-date=July 24, 2009 |publisher=State of Indiana}}</ref>
In 1775, the American Revolutionary War began as the colonists sought self-government and independence from the British. The majority of the fighting took place near the East Coast, but the Patriot military officer [[George Rogers Clark]] called for an army to help fight the British in the west.<ref>Brill, p. 31–32.</ref> Clark's army won significant battles and took over [[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]] and [[Fort Sackville]] on February 25, 1779.<ref name="NO">{{cite web |title=Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |url=https://www.in.gov/history/2695.htm#events |access-date=July 24, 2009 |publisher=State of Indiana}}</ref>


During the war, Clark managed to cut off British troops, who were attacking the eastern colonists from the west. His success is often credited for changing the course of the American Revolutionary War.<ref>Brill, p. 33.</ref> At the end of the war, through the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]], the British crown ceded their claims to the land south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States, including Native American lands.
During the war, Clark managed to cut off British troops, who were attacking the eastern colonists from the west. His success is often credited for changing the course of the American Revolutionary War.<ref>Brill, p. 33.</ref> At the end of the war, through the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]], the British crown ceded their claims to the land south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States, including Native American lands.
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===Civil War and late 19th-century industry===
===Civil War and late 19th-century industry===
{{Main|Indiana in the American Civil War}}
{{Main|Indiana in the American Civil War}}
During the [[American Civil War]], Indiana became politically influential and played an important role in the affairs of the nation. Indiana was the first western state to mobilize for the United States in the war, and soldiers from Indiana participated in all the war's major engagements. The state provided 126 infantry regiments, 26 batteries of artillery and 13 regiments of cavalry to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]].<ref>Funk, pp. 23–24, 163.</ref>
During the American Civil War, Indiana became politically influential and played an important role in the affairs of the nation. Indiana was the first western state to mobilize for the United States in the war, and soldiers from Indiana participated in all the war's major engagements. The state provided 126 infantry regiments, 26 batteries of artillery and 13 regiments of cavalry to the Union.<ref>Funk, pp. 23–24, 163.</ref>


In 1861, Indiana was assigned a [[American Civil War#Mobilization|quota]] of 7,500 soldiers to join the [[Union Army]].<ref>Gray 1995, p. 156.</ref> So many volunteered in the first call that thousands had to be turned away. Before the war ended, Indiana had contributed 208,367 men. Casualties were over 35% among these men: 24,416 lost their lives and over 50,000 more were wounded.<ref>Funk, pp. 3–4.</ref> The only Civil War conflicts fought in Indiana were the [[Newburgh Raid]], a bloodless capture of the city; and the [[Battle of Corydon]], which occurred during [[Morgan's Raid]] leaving 15 dead, 40 wounded, and 355 captured.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Civil War; a Narrative, Red River to Appomattox|author=Foote, Shelby|publisher=Random House|year=1974|pages =343–344}}</ref>
In 1861, Indiana was assigned a [[American Civil War#Mobilization|quota]] of 7,500 soldiers to join the [[Union Army]].<ref>Gray 1995, p. 156.</ref> So many volunteered in the first call that thousands had to be turned away. Before the war ended, Indiana had contributed 208,367 men. Casualties were over 35% among these men: 24,416 lost their lives and over 50,000 more were wounded.<ref>Funk, pp. 3–4.</ref> The only Civil War conflicts fought in Indiana were the [[Newburgh Raid]], a bloodless capture of the city; and the [[Battle of Corydon]], which occurred during [[Morgan's Raid]] leaving 15 dead, 40 wounded, and 355 captured.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Civil War; a Narrative, Red River to Appomattox|author=Foote, Shelby|publisher=Random House|year=1974|pages =343–344}}</ref>
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By 1925 the Klan had 250,000 members, an estimated 30% of native-born white men.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main7.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018105327/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main7.html |publisher=Northern Indiana Center for History |title=Indiana History Part 7 |archive-date=October 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>Bodenhamer, David (1994) ''The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis,'' Indiana University Press, Bloomington, p. 879</ref> By 1925 over half the elected members of the [[Indiana General Assembly]], the [[governor of Indiana]], and many other high-ranking officials in local and state government were members of the Klan. Politicians had also learned they needed Klan endorsement to win office.<ref>{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Leonard Joseph | title=Citizen klansmen : the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928 | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | publication-place=Chapel Hill | date=1991 | isbn=0-8078-6349-1 | oclc=45727836}}</ref> That year, "Grand Dragon" [[D.C. Stephenson]], who had begun to brag "I am the law in Indiana",<ref>{{cite book | last=Lutholtz | first=M. William | title=Grand dragon : D.C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana | publisher=Purdue University Press | publication-place=West Lafayette, Ind. | date=1991 | isbn=1-55753-010-6 | oclc=22629874}}</ref> was charged and convicted for the rape and murder of [[Madge Oberholtzer]], a young schoolteacher. Denied pardon, in 1927 Stephenson gave the ''[[Indianapolis Times]]'' lists of people the Klan had paid. Partly as a result of compounded scandal, membership collapsed.<ref name="Lutholtz2">{{cite book|last=Lutholtz|first=M. William|title=Grand Dragon: D. C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1991|isbn=1-55753-046-7|location=West Lafayette, Indiana}}</ref>
By 1925 the Klan had 250,000 members, an estimated 30% of native-born white men.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main7.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018105327/http://www.centerforhistory.org/indiana_history_main7.html |publisher=Northern Indiana Center for History |title=Indiana History Part 7 |archive-date=October 18, 2008}}</ref><ref>Bodenhamer, David (1994) ''The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis,'' Indiana University Press, Bloomington, p. 879</ref> By 1925 over half the elected members of the [[Indiana General Assembly]], the [[governor of Indiana]], and many other high-ranking officials in local and state government were members of the Klan. Politicians had also learned they needed Klan endorsement to win office.<ref>{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Leonard Joseph | title=Citizen klansmen : the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928 | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | publication-place=Chapel Hill | date=1991 | isbn=0-8078-6349-1 | oclc=45727836}}</ref> That year, "Grand Dragon" [[D.C. Stephenson]], who had begun to brag "I am the law in Indiana",<ref>{{cite book | last=Lutholtz | first=M. William | title=Grand dragon : D.C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana | publisher=Purdue University Press | publication-place=West Lafayette, Ind. | date=1991 | isbn=1-55753-010-6 | oclc=22629874}}</ref> was charged and convicted for the rape and murder of [[Madge Oberholtzer]], a young schoolteacher. Denied pardon, in 1927 Stephenson gave the ''[[Indianapolis Times]]'' lists of people the Klan had paid. Partly as a result of compounded scandal, membership collapsed.<ref name="Lutholtz2">{{cite book|last=Lutholtz|first=M. William|title=Grand Dragon: D. C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=1991|isbn=1-55753-046-7|location=West Lafayette, Indiana}}</ref>


Throughout the 1930s, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] were in power and "the Klan was political poison".<ref>Martin (1992), p. 199</ref> During those years, Indiana, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the [[Great Depression]]. The economic downturn had a wide-ranging negative impact on Indiana, such as the decline of urbanization. The [[Dust Bowl]] to the west led many migrants to flee to the more industrialized Midwest. Governor [[Paul V. McNutt]]'s administration struggled to build a state-funded welfare system to help overwhelmed private charities. During his administration, spending and taxes were both cut drastically in response to the Depression, and the state government was completely reorganized. McNutt ended [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] in the state and enacted the state's first income tax. On several occasions, he declared martial law to put an end to worker strikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.countyhistory.com/doc.gov/037.htm |title=Paul V. McNutt |publisher=County History Preservation Society |last=Branson |first=Ronald |access-date=July 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204172820/http://www.countyhistory.com/doc.gov/037.htm |archive-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref>
Throughout the 1930s, Democrats were in power and "the Klan was political poison".<ref>Martin (1992), p. 199</ref> During those years, Indiana, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the [[Great Depression]]. The economic downturn had a wide-ranging negative impact on Indiana, such as the decline of urbanization. The [[Dust Bowl]] to the west led many migrants to flee to the more industrialized Midwest. Governor [[Paul V. McNutt]]'s administration struggled to build a state-funded welfare system to help overwhelmed private charities. During his administration, spending and taxes were both cut drastically in response to the Depression, and the state government was completely reorganized. McNutt ended [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] in the state and enacted the state's first income tax. On several occasions, he declared martial law to put an end to worker strikes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.countyhistory.com/doc.gov/037.htm |title=Paul V. McNutt |publisher=County History Preservation Society |last=Branson |first=Ronald |access-date=July 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204172820/http://www.countyhistory.com/doc.gov/037.htm |archive-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref>


[[World War II]] helped lift Indiana's economy, as the war required steel, food and other goods the state produced.<ref name="TO">Pell, p. 31.</ref> Roughly 10% of Indiana's population joined the armed forces, while hundreds of industries earned war production contracts and began making war material.<ref>Gray 1995, p. 350.</ref> Indiana manufactured 4.5% of total U.S. military armaments during World War{{spaces}}II, ranking eighth among the 48 states.<ref>[[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Peck, Merton J.]] & [[Frederic M. Scherer|Scherer, Frederic M.]] ''The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis'' (1962) [[Harvard Business School]] p.111</ref> The expansion of industry to meet war demands helped end the Great Depression.<ref name="TO" />
[[World War II]] helped lift Indiana's economy, as the war required steel, food and other goods the state produced.<ref name="TO">Pell, p. 31.</ref> Roughly 10% of Indiana's population joined the armed forces, while hundreds of industries earned war production contracts and began making war material.<ref>Gray 1995, p. 350.</ref> Indiana manufactured 4.5% of total U.S. military armaments during World War{{spaces}}II, ranking eighth among the 48 states.<ref>[[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Peck, Merton J.]] & [[Frederic M. Scherer|Scherer, Frederic M.]] ''The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis'' (1962) [[Harvard Business School]] p.111</ref> The expansion of industry to meet war demands helped end the Great Depression.<ref name="TO" />
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While droughts occasionally occur in the state, rainfall totals are distributed relatively equally throughout the year. Precipitation totals range from {{convert|35|in|cm}} near Lake Michigan in northwest Indiana to {{convert|45|in|cm}} along the Ohio River in the south, while the state's average is {{convert|40|in|cm}}. Annual snowfall in Indiana varies widely across the state, ranging from {{convert|80|in|cm}} in the northwest along Lake Michigan to {{convert|14|in|cm}} in the far south. [[Lake effect snow]] accounts for roughly half the snowfall in northwest and north central Indiana due to the effects of the moisture and relative warmth of Lake Michigan upwind. The mean wind speed is {{convert|8|mph|km/h}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana – Climate |publisher=City-Data.com |url=http://www.city-data.com/states/Indiana-Climate.html |access-date=July 4, 2009}}</ref>
While droughts occasionally occur in the state, rainfall totals are distributed relatively equally throughout the year. Precipitation totals range from {{convert|35|in|cm}} near Lake Michigan in northwest Indiana to {{convert|45|in|cm}} along the Ohio River in the south, while the state's average is {{convert|40|in|cm}}. Annual snowfall in Indiana varies widely across the state, ranging from {{convert|80|in|cm}} in the northwest along Lake Michigan to {{convert|14|in|cm}} in the far south. [[Lake effect snow]] accounts for roughly half the snowfall in northwest and north central Indiana due to the effects of the moisture and relative warmth of Lake Michigan upwind. The mean wind speed is {{convert|8|mph|km/h}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana – Climate |publisher=City-Data.com |url=http://www.city-data.com/states/Indiana-Climate.html |access-date=July 4, 2009}}</ref>


In a 2012 report, Indiana was ranked eighth in a list of the top 20 tornado-prone states based on [[National Weather Service]] data from 1950 through 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author=Engineering Analysis Inc. |title=Mississippi Remains #1 Among Top Twenty Tornado-Prone States |publisher=mindspring.com |date=April 12, 2012 |url=http://eai.home.mindspring.com/EAIprs94.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084151/http://eai.home.mindspring.com/EAIprs94.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> A 2011 report ranked [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] 15th among the top 20 tornado-prone U.S. cities,<ref>{{cite web|author=Engineering Analysis Inc. |title=Six States Contain Twelve of the Top Twenty Tornado-Prone Cities (revised version) |publisher=mindspring.com |date=October 28, 2011 |url=http://www.mindspring.com/~eai/EAIprs01.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084146/http://www.mindspring.com/~eai/EAIprs01.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> while another report from 2011 ranked [[Indianapolis]] eighth.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kellogg |first=Becky |title=Tornado Expert Ranks Top Tornado Cities |publisher=The Weather Channel |date=March 8, 2011 |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/severe-weather/articles/top-tornado-cities_2011-03-08?page=2 |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108002946/http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/severe-weather/articles/top-tornado-cities_2011-03-08?page=2 |archive-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>{{efn|In a 2008 report, Indiana was listed as one of the most tornado-prone states, ranking sixth, while South Bend was ranked the 14th most tornado-prone U.S. city, ahead of cities such as [[Houston]], Texas, and [[Wichita, Kansas]]. See {{cite web |last=Mecklenburg |first=Rick |title=Is Indiana the new Tornado Alley? |publisher=SouthBendTribune.com |date=May 1, 2008 |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2008-05-01/news/26911876_1_tornado-track-damaging-winds-and-tornadoes-indiana |access-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084147/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2008-05-01/news/26911876_1_tornado-track-damaging-winds-and-tornadoes-indiana |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead }}}}{{efn|In a published list of the most tornado-prone states and cities in April 2008, Indiana came in first and South Bend ranked 16th. See {{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Mark |title=Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced |publisher=[[WIFR]] |date=May 2, 2008 |url=http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |access-date=August 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109034652/http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}}}Despite its vulnerability, Indiana is not part of [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Mark |title=Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced |publisher=[[WIFR]] |date=May 2, 2008 |url=http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |access-date=August 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109034652/http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}</ref>
In a 2012 report, Indiana was ranked eighth in a list of the top 20 tornado-prone states based on [[National Weather Service]] data from 1950 through 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author=Engineering Analysis Inc. |title=Mississippi Remains #1 Among Top Twenty Tornado-Prone States |publisher=mindspring.com |date=April 12, 2012 |url=http://eai.home.mindspring.com/EAIprs94.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084151/http://eai.home.mindspring.com/EAIprs94.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> A 2011 report ranked [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] 15th among the top 20 tornado-prone U.S. cities,<ref>{{cite web|author=Engineering Analysis Inc. |title=Six States Contain Twelve of the Top Twenty Tornado-Prone Cities (revised version) |publisher=mindspring.com |date=October 28, 2011 |url=http://www.mindspring.com/~eai/EAIprs01.html |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084146/http://www.mindspring.com/~eai/EAIprs01.html |archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> while another report from 2011 ranked [[Indianapolis]] eighth.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kellogg |first=Becky |title=Tornado Expert Ranks Top Tornado Cities |publisher=The Weather Channel |date=March 8, 2011 |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/severe-weather/articles/top-tornado-cities_2011-03-08?page=2 |access-date=August 13, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108002946/http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/severe-weather/articles/top-tornado-cities_2011-03-08?page=2 |archive-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>{{efn|In a 2008 report, Indiana was listed as one of the most tornado-prone states, ranking sixth, while South Bend was ranked the 14th most tornado-prone U.S. city, ahead of cities such as Houston, Texas, and [[Wichita, Kansas]]. See {{cite web |last=Mecklenburg |first=Rick |title=Is Indiana the new Tornado Alley? |publisher=SouthBendTribune.com |date=May 1, 2008 |url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2008-05-01/news/26911876_1_tornado-track-damaging-winds-and-tornadoes-indiana |access-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117084147/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2008-05-01/news/26911876_1_tornado-track-damaging-winds-and-tornadoes-indiana |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead }}}}{{efn|In a published list of the most tornado-prone states and cities in April 2008, Indiana came in first and South Bend ranked 16th. See {{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Mark |title=Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced |publisher=[[WIFR]] |date=May 2, 2008 |url=http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |access-date=August 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109034652/http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}}}Despite its vulnerability, Indiana is not part of [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Mark |title=Top 20 Tornado Prone Cities and States Announced |publisher=[[WIFR]] |date=May 2, 2008 |url=http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |access-date=August 17, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109034652/http://www.wifr.com/weather/headlines/17036536.html |archive-date=November 9, 2008}}</ref>


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According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 5,449 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Indiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>
According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 5,449 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Indiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>


In 2018, the top countries of origin for Indiana's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[India]], [[China]], [[Myanmar]], and the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_indiana.pdf|title=Immigrants in Indiana}}</ref>
In 2018, the top countries of origin for Indiana's immigrants were [[Mexico]], [[India]], China, [[Myanmar]], and the [[Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_indiana.pdf|title=Immigrants in Indiana}}</ref>


===Ancestry===
===Ancestry===
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[[File:130410-Z-9531S-013.jpg|thumb|[[Mike Pence]] at the Indiana State Fair, 2014|alt=An older man in a tan suit reaches across a table to shake a woman's hand.]]
[[File:130410-Z-9531S-013.jpg|thumb|[[Mike Pence]] at the Indiana State Fair, 2014|alt=An older man in a tan suit reaches across a table to shake a woman's hand.]]


From 1880 to 1924, a resident of Indiana was included in all but one presidential election. Indiana Representative [[William Hayden English]] was nominated for vice president and ran with Winfield Scott Hancock in the [[1880 United States presidential election|1880 election]].<ref>Gray 1977, p. 23.</ref> Former Indiana Governor [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] was elected vice president in 1884. He served until his death on November 25, 1885, under President [[Grover Cleveland]].<ref>Gray 1977, p. 82.</ref> In 1888, former Senator from Indiana [[Benjamin Harrison]] was elected president and served one term. He remains the only President from Indiana. Indiana Senator [[Charles W. Fairbanks]] was elected vice president in 1904, serving under President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] until 1909.<ref>Gray 1977, p. 118.</ref> Fairbanks made another run for vice president with [[Charles Evans Hughes]] in 1916, but they both lost to [[Woodrow Wilson]] and former Indiana Governor [[Thomas R. Marshall]], who served as vice president from 1913 until 1921.<ref>Gray 1977, p. 162.</ref> Not until 1988 did another presidential election involve a native of Indiana when Senator [[Dan Quayle]] was elected vice president and served one term with [[George H. W. Bush]].<ref name="FW"/> Governor [[Mike Pence]] was elected vice president in 2016 and served one term with [[Donald Trump]].
From 1880 to 1924, a resident of Indiana was included in all but one presidential election. Indiana Representative [[William Hayden English]] was nominated for vice president and ran with Winfield Scott Hancock in the [[1880 United States presidential election|1880 election]].<ref>Gray 1977, p. 23.</ref> Former Indiana Governor [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] was elected vice president in 1884. He served until his death on November 25, 1885, under President [[Grover Cleveland]].<ref>Gray 1977, p. 82.</ref> In 1888, former Senator from Indiana [[Benjamin Harrison]] was elected president and served one term. He remains the only President from Indiana. Indiana Senator [[Charles W. Fairbanks]] was elected vice president in 1904, serving under President Theodore Roosevelt until 1909.<ref>Gray 1977, p. 118.</ref> Fairbanks made another run for vice president with [[Charles Evans Hughes]] in 1916, but they both lost to [[Woodrow Wilson]] and former Indiana Governor [[Thomas R. Marshall]], who served as vice president from 1913 until 1921.<ref>Gray 1977, p. 162.</ref> Not until 1988 did another presidential election involve a native of Indiana when Senator [[Dan Quayle]] was elected vice president and served one term with [[George H. W. Bush]].<ref name="FW"/> Governor [[Mike Pence]] was elected vice president in 2016 and served one term with [[Donald Trump]].


Indiana has long been considered a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] stronghold,<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Indiana poll shows tight race with McCain, Obama |publisher=Fox News Channel |url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Oct01/0,4670,Poll2008Indiana,00.html |date=October 1, 2008 |access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |title=The 2006 Campaign: Struggle for the House; In a G.O.P. Stronghold, 3 Districts in Indiana Are Now Battlegrounds |work=The New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDA163FF932A15753C1A9609C8B63 |date=October 21, 2006 |access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref> particularly in Presidential races. The [[Cook Partisan Voting Index]] (CPVI) now rates Indiana as R+9. Indiana was one of only ten states to support Republican [[Wendell Willkie]] in 1940.<ref name="FW"/> On 14 occasions the Republican candidate has defeated the Democrat by a double-digit margin in the state, including six times where a Republican won the state by more than 20 percentage points.<ref name="Atlas"/> In 2000 and 2004 [[George W. Bush]] won the state by a wide margin while the election was much closer overall. The state has supported a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] for president only five times since 1900. In 1912, [[Woodrow Wilson]] became the first Democrat to win the state in the 20th century, with 43% of the vote. Twenty years later, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] won the state with 55% of the vote over incumbent Republican [[Herbert Hoover]]. Roosevelt won the state again in 1936. In 1964, 56% of voters supported Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson over Republican [[Barry Goldwater]]. Forty-four years later, Democrat [[Barack Obama]] narrowly won the state against [[John McCain]] 50% to 49%.<ref>{{cite web |last=McPhee |first=Laura |date=November 12, 2008 |title=Indiana's historic vote for Obama |url=https://www.nuvo.net/indianapolis/indianas-historic-vote-for-obama/Content?oid=1263801 |access-date=August 10, 2009 |website=[[NUVO (newspaper)|NUVO]]}}</ref> In the [[2012 US presidential election|following election]], Republican [[Mitt Romney]] won back the state for the Republican Party with 54% of the vote over the incumbent President Obama who won 43%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2012?page=office&countyID=-1&officeID=36&districtID=-1&candidate= |title=Election Results: Indiana General Election, November 6, 2012 |publisher=State of Indiana |access-date=April 21, 2014}}</ref>
Indiana has long been considered a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] stronghold,<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Indiana poll shows tight race with McCain, Obama |publisher=Fox News Channel |url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Oct01/0,4670,Poll2008Indiana,00.html |date=October 1, 2008 |access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Purnick |first=Joyce |title=The 2006 Campaign: Struggle for the House; In a G.O.P. Stronghold, 3 Districts in Indiana Are Now Battlegrounds |work=The New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFDA163FF932A15753C1A9609C8B63 |date=October 21, 2006 |access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref> particularly in Presidential races. The [[Cook Partisan Voting Index]] (CPVI) now rates Indiana as R+9. Indiana was one of only ten states to support Republican [[Wendell Willkie]] in 1940.<ref name="FW"/> On 14 occasions the Republican candidate has defeated the Democrat by a double-digit margin in the state, including six times where a Republican won the state by more than 20 percentage points.<ref name="Atlas"/> In 2000 and 2004 George W. Bush won the state by a wide margin while the election was much closer overall. The state has supported a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] for president only five times since 1900. In 1912, [[Woodrow Wilson]] became the first Democrat to win the state in the 20th century, with 43% of the vote. Twenty years later, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] won the state with 55% of the vote over incumbent Republican [[Herbert Hoover]]. Roosevelt won the state again in 1936. In 1964, 56% of voters supported Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson over Republican [[Barry Goldwater]]. Forty-four years later, Democrat [[Barack Obama]] narrowly won the state against [[John McCain]] 50% to 49%.<ref>{{cite web |last=McPhee |first=Laura |date=November 12, 2008 |title=Indiana's historic vote for Obama |url=https://www.nuvo.net/indianapolis/indianas-historic-vote-for-obama/Content?oid=1263801 |access-date=August 10, 2009 |website=[[NUVO (newspaper)|NUVO]]}}</ref> In the [[2012 US presidential election|following election]], Republican [[Mitt Romney]] won back the state for the Republican Party with 54% of the vote over the incumbent President Obama who won 43%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2012?page=office&countyID=-1&officeID=36&districtID=-1&candidate= |title=Election Results: Indiana General Election, November 6, 2012 |publisher=State of Indiana |access-date=April 21, 2014}}</ref>


While only five Democratic presidential nominees have carried Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats [[List of Governors of Indiana|were elected governor]] during that time. Before [[Mitch Daniels]] became governor in 2005, Democrats had held the office for 16 consecutive years. Indiana elects two senators and nine representatives to Congress. The state has 11 electoral votes in presidential elections.<ref name="Atlas"/> Seven of the [[Indiana's congressional districts|districts]] favor the Republican Party according to the CPVI rankings; there are seven Republicans serving as representatives and two Democrats. Historically, Republicans have been strongest in the eastern and central portions of the state, while Democrats have been strongest in the northwestern part of the state. Occasionally, certain counties in the southern part of the state will vote Democratic. Marion County, Indiana's most populous county, supported the Republican candidates from 1968 to 2000, before backing the Democrats in the 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020 elections. Indiana's second-most populous county, Lake County, strongly supports the Democratic party and has not voted for a Republican since 1972.<ref name="Atlas">{{cite web |title=Presidential General Election Map Comparison |url=https://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/comparemaps.php?year=2008&fips=18&f=1&off=0&elect=0 |access-date=August 11, 2009 |website=uselectionatlas.org}}</ref> In 2005, the Bay Area Center for Voting Research rated the most liberal and conservative cities in the United States on voting statistics in the 2004 presidential election, based on 237 cities with populations of more than 100,000. Five Indiana cities were mentioned in the study. On the liberal side, [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]] was ranked second and [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] came in at 83. Among conservative cities, [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] was 44th, [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] was 60th and [[Indianapolis]] was 82nd on the list.<ref>{{cite news |last=Modie |first=Neil |title=Where have Seattle's lefties gone? |website=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/236320_liberal12.html |date=August 12, 2005 |access-date=August 11, 2009}}</ref>
While only five Democratic presidential nominees have carried Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats [[List of Governors of Indiana|were elected governor]] during that time. Before [[Mitch Daniels]] became governor in 2005, Democrats had held the office for 16 consecutive years. Indiana elects two senators and nine representatives to Congress. The state has 11 electoral votes in presidential elections.<ref name="Atlas"/> Seven of the [[Indiana's congressional districts|districts]] favor the Republican Party according to the CPVI rankings; there are seven Republicans serving as representatives and two Democrats. Historically, Republicans have been strongest in the eastern and central portions of the state, while Democrats have been strongest in the northwestern part of the state. Occasionally, certain counties in the southern part of the state will vote Democratic. Marion County, Indiana's most populous county, supported the Republican candidates from 1968 to 2000, before backing the Democrats in the 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020 elections. Indiana's second-most populous county, Lake County, strongly supports the Democratic party and has not voted for a Republican since 1972.<ref name="Atlas">{{cite web |title=Presidential General Election Map Comparison |url=https://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/comparemaps.php?year=2008&fips=18&f=1&off=0&elect=0 |access-date=August 11, 2009 |website=uselectionatlas.org}}</ref> In 2005, the Bay Area Center for Voting Research rated the most liberal and conservative cities in the United States on voting statistics in the 2004 presidential election, based on 237 cities with populations of more than 100,000. Five Indiana cities were mentioned in the study. On the liberal side, [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]] was ranked second and [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] came in at 83. Among conservative cities, [[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne]] was 44th, [[Evansville, Indiana|Evansville]] was 60th and [[Indianapolis]] was 82nd on the list.<ref>{{cite news |last=Modie |first=Neil |title=Where have Seattle's lefties gone? |website=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/236320_liberal12.html |date=August 12, 2005 |access-date=August 11, 2009}}</ref>
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