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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: Difference between revisions
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (view source)
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{{Organization | |||
|OrganizationName=Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | |||
|OrganizationType=Research and Development Agencies (Sub-organization) | |||
|Mission=PNNL advances the frontiers of knowledge, taking on some of the world’s greatest science and technology challenges to improve energy resiliency, enhance national security, and understand climate change. | |||
|ParentOrganization=Office of Science | |||
|TopOrganization=Department of Energy | |||
|Employees=4500 | |||
|OrganizationExecutive=Director | |||
|Services=Energy Research; Environmental Science; National Security; Biological Science; Data Science | |||
|HeadquartersLocation=46.34506, -119.27893 | |||
|HeadquartersAddress=902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354 | |||
|Website=https://www.pnnl.gov | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Research institute}} | {{Short description|Research institute}} | ||
'''Pacific Northwest National Laboratory''' ('''PNNL''') is one of the [[United States Department of Energy national laboratories]], managed by the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]'s (DOE) [[Office of Science]]. The main campus of the laboratory is in [[Richland, Washington]], with additional research facilities around the country. | '''Pacific Northwest National Laboratory''' ('''PNNL''') is one of the [[United States Department of Energy national laboratories]], managed by the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]'s (DOE) [[Office of Science]]. The main campus of the laboratory is in [[Richland, Washington]], with additional research facilities around the country. | ||
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In the 1970s, PNL expanded into energy, environment, health and national security research. The shift occurred as the AEC was replaced by the [[Energy Research and Development Administration]] (ERDA) in 1974 and the Department of Energy in 1977. During this period, researchers at PNL developed [[Radioactive waste#Vitrification|vitrification]], a process to lock hazardous waste inside glass, and an [[acoustics|acoustic]] [[holography]] technique allowing medical personnel to view internal organs, detect fetal abnormalities, and locate blood clots without an operation. | In the 1970s, PNL expanded into energy, environment, health and national security research. The shift occurred as the AEC was replaced by the [[Energy Research and Development Administration]] (ERDA) in 1974 and the Department of Energy in 1977. During this period, researchers at PNL developed [[Radioactive waste#Vitrification|vitrification]], a process to lock hazardous waste inside glass, and an [[acoustics|acoustic]] [[holography]] technique allowing medical personnel to view internal organs, detect fetal abnormalities, and locate blood clots without an operation. | ||
In the 1980s, PNL researchers introduced the first portable [[blood irradiation therapy|blood irradiator]] for leukemia treatments,<ref name="humgate">Hungate, FP. 1995. "Portable Blood Irradiator." ''Radiation Protection Dosimetry'' 60(4): 359-362.</ref> and worked with the [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] in | In the 1980s, PNL researchers introduced the first portable [[blood irradiation therapy|blood irradiator]] for leukemia treatments,<ref name="humgate">Hungate, FP. 1995. "Portable Blood Irradiator." ''Radiation Protection Dosimetry'' 60(4): 359-362.</ref> and worked with the [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] in Seattle under a [[cooperative research and development agreement]] to develop safe and effective protocols for its use. In the mid-1980s, PNL became one of the [[United States Department of Energy national laboratories|U.S. Department of Energy's multiprogram laboratories]]. | ||
In 1995, the laboratory was renamed the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.<ref name = "pnnl1995"/> The Laboratory's global environmental and nuclear nonproliferation work moved to the forefront during the 1990s. The Pacific Northwest Center for Global Security was established to coordinate nuclear nonproliferation programs, research and policy work within the Laboratory and throughout the region.<ref name="cgs">[http://pnwcgs.pnl.gov/ PNNL: Pacific Northwest Center for Global Security]</ref> The Material Identification System and the Ultrasonic Pulse Echo instrument, technologies developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, were provided to customs inspectors<ref name="anon">Anonymous. 1998. "Instruments Smother Smuggling Attempts." ''Research & Development'' 40(2):140.</ref> in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[former Soviet Union]] republics to reduce smuggling and terrorism. Researchers also studied [[global climate model]]s, including [[cloud formation]] and radiative properties of clouds. In addition, the Laboratory created energy efficiency centers to promote economic growth while mitigating its harmful effects and participating on the [[United Nations]] panel on climate change assessments.<ref name="aboutPNNL">[http://www.pnl.gov/about/history.asp About PNNL - Laboratory history]</ref> | In 1995, the laboratory was renamed the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.<ref name = "pnnl1995"/> The Laboratory's global environmental and nuclear nonproliferation work moved to the forefront during the 1990s. The Pacific Northwest Center for Global Security was established to coordinate nuclear nonproliferation programs, research and policy work within the Laboratory and throughout the region.<ref name="cgs">[http://pnwcgs.pnl.gov/ PNNL: Pacific Northwest Center for Global Security]</ref> The Material Identification System and the Ultrasonic Pulse Echo instrument, technologies developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, were provided to customs inspectors<ref name="anon">Anonymous. 1998. "Instruments Smother Smuggling Attempts." ''Research & Development'' 40(2):140.</ref> in [[Eastern Europe]] and [[former Soviet Union]] republics to reduce smuggling and terrorism. Researchers also studied [[global climate model]]s, including [[cloud formation]] and radiative properties of clouds. In addition, the Laboratory created energy efficiency centers to promote economic growth while mitigating its harmful effects and participating on the [[United Nations]] panel on climate change assessments.<ref name="aboutPNNL">[http://www.pnl.gov/about/history.asp About PNNL - Laboratory history]</ref> | ||