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Recess appointment: Difference between revisions
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Presidents since [[George Washington]] have made recess appointments. Washington appointed [[South Carolina]] judge [[John Rutledge]] as [[Chief Justice of the United States]] during a congressional recess in 1795. Because of Rutledge's political views and occasional mental illness, however, the Senate rejected his nomination, and Rutledge attempted [[suicide]] and resigned. Almost every president has used recess appointments to appoint judges, over 300 such judicial recess appointments before 2000, including [[List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States|ten Supreme Court justices]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Tim |date=Spring 2011 |title=Recess Appointments |url=https://www.law.virginia.edu/static/uvalawyer/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr11/recess.htm |journal=UVA Lawyer}}</ref> | Presidents since [[George Washington]] have made recess appointments. Washington appointed [[South Carolina]] judge [[John Rutledge]] as [[Chief Justice of the United States]] during a congressional recess in 1795. Because of Rutledge's political views and occasional mental illness, however, the Senate rejected his nomination, and Rutledge attempted [[suicide]] and resigned. Almost every president has used recess appointments to appoint judges, over 300 such judicial recess appointments before 2000, including [[List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States|ten Supreme Court justices]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=Tim |date=Spring 2011 |title=Recess Appointments |url=https://www.law.virginia.edu/static/uvalawyer/html/alumni/uvalawyer/spr11/recess.htm |journal=UVA Lawyer}}</ref> | ||
[[New Jersey]] judge [[William J. Brennan]] was appointed to the Supreme Court by President | [[New Jersey]] judge [[William J. Brennan]] was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956 by a recess appointment. This was done in part with an eye on the presidential campaign that year; Eisenhower was running for reelection, and his advisors thought it would be politically advantageous to place a northeastern [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] on the court. Brennan was promptly confirmed when the Senate came back into session. Eisenhower, in a recess appointment, designated [[Charles W. Yost]] as [[United States Ambassador to Syria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msg-history.com/detachments/syria/syria_damascus.html|title=Marine Embassy Security Guard historical archives|website=Msg-history.com|access-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> Eisenhower made two other recess appointments, Chief Justice [[Earl Warren]] and Associate Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. | ||
According to the [[Congressional Research Service]], President [[Ronald Reagan]] made 240 recess appointments (average 30 per year) and President [[George H. W. Bush]] made 77 recess appointments (average 19 per year). George H. W. Bush appointed [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] during a recess in 1992; Eagleburger, as [[United States Deputy Secretary of State|Deputy Secretary of State]], had in effect filled that role after [[James Baker]] resigned. | According to the [[Congressional Research Service]], President [[Ronald Reagan]] made 240 recess appointments (average 30 per year) and President [[George H. W. Bush]] made 77 recess appointments (average 19 per year). George H. W. Bush appointed [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] as [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] during a recess in 1992; Eagleburger, as [[United States Deputy Secretary of State|Deputy Secretary of State]], had in effect filled that role after [[James Baker]] resigned. | ||
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President [[Bill Clinton]] made 139 recess appointments (average of 17 per year). | President [[Bill Clinton]] made 139 recess appointments (average of 17 per year). | ||
President | President George W. Bush made 171 recess appointments (average of 21 per year). During the last two years of the Bush administration, Democratic [[Senate Majority Leader]] [[Harry Reid]] sought to prevent further recess appointments. Bush promised not to make any during the August recess that year, but no agreement was reached for the two-week Thanksgiving break, in November 2007. As a result, Reid did not allow adjournments of more than three days from then until the end of the Bush presidency by holding ''[[pro forma#United States|pro forma]]'' sessions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/home/ds/s1102.html |title=Days in Session Calendars U.S. Senate – 110th Congress 2nd Session |website=Thomas.loc.gov |date=December 31, 2008 |access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-date=May 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506095036/http://thomas.loc.gov/home/ds/s1102.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://democrats.senate.gov/calendar/2008-12.html |title=Senate Calendar – December |website=Democrats.senate.gov |access-date=May 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606164135/http://democrats.senate.gov/calendar/2008-12.html |archive-date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref> Prior to this, there had been speculation that [[James W. Holsinger]] would receive a recess appointment as [[Surgeon General of the United States]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/reid-to-bush-no-recess-appointments-wanted/ |title=Reid To Bush: No Recess Appointments Wanted |website=Cbsnews.com |date=November 16, 2007 |access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref> | ||
President Barack Obama made 32 recess appointments (through February 1, 2015), all to full-time | President Barack Obama made 32 recess appointments (through February 1, 2015), all to full-time | ||