General Dynamics: Difference between revisions

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Hopkins fell seriously ill in 1957 and was eventually replaced by Frank Pace later that year.<ref name="centennial_GD" /> Meanwhile, John Naish succeeded Joseph McNarney as president of Convair. Chicago industrialist [[Henry Crown]] became the company's largest shareholder and merged his [[Material Service Corporation]] with GD in 1959.<ref name="henrycrown">{{Cite book |first=Stewart |last=Alsop |title=America's Big New Rich |date=July 17, 1965 |publisher=The Saturday Evening Post}}</ref>
Hopkins fell seriously ill in 1957 and was eventually replaced by Frank Pace later that year.<ref name="centennial_GD" /> Meanwhile, John Naish succeeded Joseph McNarney as president of Convair. Chicago industrialist [[Henry Crown]] became the company's largest shareholder and merged his [[Material Service Corporation]] with GD in 1959.<ref name="henrycrown">{{Cite book |first=Stewart |last=Alsop |title=America's Big New Rich |date=July 17, 1965 |publisher=The Saturday Evening Post}}</ref>


GD subsequently reorganized into Eastern Group in [[New York City]] and Western Group in [[San Diego]], [[California]], with the latter taking over all of the aerospace activities and dropping the Convair brand name from its aircraft in the process.<ref name="history2">{{cite book |author=Donald M. Pattillo |date=2001 |publisher=University of Michigan Press|title=Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shwtKbTbEuEC&q=general+dynamics+reorganize+western+eastern+group&pg=PA225|pages=225, 226 |isbn=0472086715 |access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref>
GD subsequently reorganized into Eastern Group in New York City and Western Group in [[San Diego]], [[California]], with the latter taking over all of the aerospace activities and dropping the Convair brand name from its aircraft in the process.<ref name="history2">{{cite book |author=Donald M. Pattillo |date=2001 |publisher=University of Michigan Press|title=Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shwtKbTbEuEC&q=general+dynamics+reorganize+western+eastern+group&pg=PA225|pages=225, 226 |isbn=0472086715 |access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref>


Frank Pace retired under pressure in 1962 and Roger Lewis, former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force and [[Pan American Airways]] CEO, was brought in as CEO. The company recovered, then fell back into the same struggles. In 1970, the board brought in [[McDonnell Douglas]] president [[David S. Lewis Jr.|Dave Lewis]] (no relation) as chairman and CEO, who served until retiring in 1985.<ref name="history1" />
Frank Pace retired under pressure in 1962 and Roger Lewis, former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force and [[Pan American Airways]] CEO, was brought in as CEO. The company recovered, then fell back into the same struggles. In 1970, the board brought in [[McDonnell Douglas]] president [[David S. Lewis Jr.|Dave Lewis]] (no relation) as chairman and CEO, who served until retiring in 1985.<ref name="history1" />
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On December 26, 2020, General Dynamics confirmed that their business division General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a $4.6 billion contract by the U.S. Army for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=General Dynamics Unit Gets $4B Army Contract to Produce Modern Battle Tanks|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2020/12/general-dynamics-unit-gets-4b-army-contract-to-produce-modern-battle-tanks/|access-date=2020-12-27|language=en-US}}</ref>
On December 26, 2020, General Dynamics confirmed that their business division General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a $4.6 billion contract by the U.S. Army for M1A2 SEPv3 Abrams main battle tanks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=General Dynamics Unit Gets $4B Army Contract to Produce Modern Battle Tanks|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2020/12/general-dynamics-unit-gets-4b-army-contract-to-produce-modern-battle-tanks/|access-date=2020-12-27|language=en-US}}</ref>


According to a report by [[Reuters]], General Dynamics was the primary contractor for a United States military-run [[Propaganda in the United States|propaganda]] campaign to spread disinformation about the [[Sinovac Biotech|Sinovac]] Chinese [[COVID-19]] vaccine, including using fake social media accounts to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore ''[[haram]]'' under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Bing |first=Chris |last2=Schechtman |first2=Joel |date=June 14, 2024 |title=Pentagon Ran Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China during Pandemic |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The campaign primarily targeted people in the [[Philippines]] and used a social media [[hashtag]] for "China is the virus" in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].<ref name=":6" /> The campaign ran from the spring of 2020 to mid-2021.<ref name=":6" /> In 2024, General Dynamics IT was awarded a $493 million contract by The Pentagon.<ref name=":6" /> According to an unnamed source cited by Reuters, a military audit of General Dynamics's work on the project concluded that the company had engaged in sloppy [[tradecraft]] and took inadequate precautions to conceal the origins of the fake accounts created for the campaign.<ref name=":6" />
According to a report by Reuters, General Dynamics was the primary contractor for a United States military-run [[Propaganda in the United States|propaganda]] campaign to spread disinformation about the [[Sinovac Biotech|Sinovac]] Chinese [[COVID-19]] vaccine, including using fake social media accounts to spread the disinformation that the Sinovac vaccine contained pork-derived ingredients and was therefore ''[[haram]]'' under [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Bing |first=Chris |last2=Schechtman |first2=Joel |date=June 14, 2024 |title=Pentagon Ran Secret Anti-Vax Campaign to Undermine China during Pandemic |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> The campaign primarily targeted people in the [[Philippines]] and used a social media [[hashtag]] for "China is the virus" in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]].<ref name=":6" /> The campaign ran from the spring of 2020 to mid-2021.<ref name=":6" /> In 2024, General Dynamics IT was awarded a $493 million contract by The Pentagon.<ref name=":6" /> According to an unnamed source cited by Reuters, a military audit of General Dynamics's work on the project concluded that the company had engaged in sloppy [[tradecraft]] and took inadequate precautions to conceal the origins of the fake accounts created for the campaign.<ref name=":6" />


General Dynamics' [[Israel–United States military relations|supply of weapons to Israel]] in the [[2023 Israel–Hamas war]] has led to protests at facilities in [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts]], [[Lincoln, Nebraska]], [[Saco, Maine]], [[New London, Connecticut]] and [[Garland, Texas]]. Protesters at the New London demonstration compared General Dynamics deployment of an [[Ohio-class submarine]] to the feature film [[Oppenheimer (film)|''Oppenheimer'']]. Twenty-three protesters were arrested at the Garland demonstration, in which women wearing [[hijab]]s say they were forcibly unveiled by police.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eagle |first=Heather Bellow, The Berkshire |date=2023-10-20 |title=Activists protest General Dynamics in Pittsfield over defense contracts and the Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/local/pittsfield-general-dynamics-israel-hamas-palestinians-war-berkshire-communists-activists/article_ec204d1c-6ee4-11ee-8e1e-cb6121da994b.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Berkshire Eagle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pro-Palestinian Protest Outside General Dynamics |url=https://www.dailynebraskan.com/diversity_inclusion/gallery-pro-palestinian-protest-outside-general-dynamics/collection_58f97ac4-804e-11ee-b0a8-87a8bd3c9d5f.html |work=Daily Nebraskan |date=November 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portland City Council unanimously backs resolution calling for ceasefire in Gaza |url=https://mainemorningstar.com/briefs/portland-city-council-unanimously-backs-resolution-calling-for-ceasefire-in-gaza/ |work=Maine Morning Star |date=January 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2024 |title=Arrests at anti-nuke protest with Oppenheimer cutouts at Electric Boat in New London |url=https://www.theday.com/police-fire-reports/20240304/anti-nuke-protest-leads-to-arrests-at-eb-in-new-london/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.theday.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Hojun |date=2024-03-07 |title=Pro-Palestinian demonstrators arrested at Garland facility for aerospace and defense firm |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2024/03/07/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-arrested-at-garland-facility-for-aerospace-and-defense-firm/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref> Activists in Maine have called for an end to state subsidies to the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Popp |first=Evan |date=February 23, 2024 |title=Activists hold State House die-in over Gaza, protest subsidies to General Dynamics |url=https://www.newsfromthestates.com/article/activists-hold-state-house-die-over-gaza-protest-subsidies-general-dynamics |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=News From The States |language=en}}</ref>
General Dynamics' [[Israel–United States military relations|supply of weapons to Israel]] in the [[2023 Israel–Hamas war]] has led to protests at facilities in [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts]], [[Lincoln, Nebraska]], [[Saco, Maine]], [[New London, Connecticut]] and [[Garland, Texas]]. Protesters at the New London demonstration compared General Dynamics deployment of an [[Ohio-class submarine]] to the feature film [[Oppenheimer (film)|''Oppenheimer'']]. Twenty-three protesters were arrested at the Garland demonstration, in which women wearing [[hijab]]s say they were forcibly unveiled by police.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eagle |first=Heather Bellow, The Berkshire |date=2023-10-20 |title=Activists protest General Dynamics in Pittsfield over defense contracts and the Israel-Hamas war |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/news/local/pittsfield-general-dynamics-israel-hamas-palestinians-war-berkshire-communists-activists/article_ec204d1c-6ee4-11ee-8e1e-cb6121da994b.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Berkshire Eagle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pro-Palestinian Protest Outside General Dynamics |url=https://www.dailynebraskan.com/diversity_inclusion/gallery-pro-palestinian-protest-outside-general-dynamics/collection_58f97ac4-804e-11ee-b0a8-87a8bd3c9d5f.html |work=Daily Nebraskan |date=November 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portland City Council unanimously backs resolution calling for ceasefire in Gaza |url=https://mainemorningstar.com/briefs/portland-city-council-unanimously-backs-resolution-calling-for-ceasefire-in-gaza/ |work=Maine Morning Star |date=January 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2024 |title=Arrests at anti-nuke protest with Oppenheimer cutouts at Electric Boat in New London |url=https://www.theday.com/police-fire-reports/20240304/anti-nuke-protest-leads-to-arrests-at-eb-in-new-london/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.theday.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Hojun |date=2024-03-07 |title=Pro-Palestinian demonstrators arrested at Garland facility for aerospace and defense firm |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2024/03/07/pro-palestinian-demonstrators-arrested-at-garland-facility-for-aerospace-and-defense-firm/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Dallas News |language=en}}</ref> Activists in Maine have called for an end to state subsidies to the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Popp |first=Evan |date=February 23, 2024 |title=Activists hold State House die-in over Gaza, protest subsidies to General Dynamics |url=https://www.newsfromthestates.com/article/activists-hold-state-house-die-over-gaza-protest-subsidies-general-dynamics |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=News From The States |language=en}}</ref>
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!2001
!2001
|[[Gulfstream Aerospace|Galaxy Aerospace Company]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB988724351894337276|title=General Dynamics Agrees to Buy Galaxy Aerospace for $330 Million|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=May 1, 2001 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref>
|[[Gulfstream Aerospace|Galaxy Aerospace Company]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB988724351894337276|title=General Dynamics Agrees to Buy Galaxy Aerospace for $330 Million|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 1, 2001 |access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref>
|Aerospace
|Aerospace
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!2018
!2018
|[[CSRA Inc.|CSRA]] Inc.<ref name="USA T2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-buying-csra-6-8-billion/328387002/ |title=General Dynamics buying CSRA for about $6.8 billion|author=The Associated Press|author-link=The Associated Press|work=[[USA Today]] |location=[[McLean, Virginia]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNBC 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-to-buy-csra-for-9-point-6-billion-in-cash.html |title=General Dynamics to buy government IT contractor CSRA for $6.8 billion |agency=Reuters |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal Television Group#NBCUniversal News Group|NBCUniversal News Group]] |location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="TWSJ 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/general-dynamics-buying-csra-for-6-8-billion-1518436856 |title=General Dynamics Buying CSRA for $6.8 Billion |first1=Doug |last1=Cameron |first2=Cara |last2=Lombardo |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=[[New York City]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
|[[CSRA Inc.|CSRA]] Inc.<ref name="USA T2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-buying-csra-6-8-billion/328387002/ |title=General Dynamics buying CSRA for about $6.8 billion|author=The Associated Press|author-link=The Associated Press|work=USA Today |location=[[McLean, Virginia]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNBC 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/12/general-dynamics-to-buy-csra-for-9-point-6-billion-in-cash.html |title=General Dynamics to buy government IT contractor CSRA for $6.8 billion |agency=Reuters |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal Television Group#NBCUniversal News Group|NBCUniversal News Group]] |location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]] |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="TWSJ 2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/general-dynamics-buying-csra-for-6-8-billion-1518436856 |title=General Dynamics Buying CSRA for $6.8 Billion |first1=Doug |last1=Cameron |first2=Cara |last2=Lombardo |work=The Wall Street Journal |location=New York City |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
|Technologies
|Technologies
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!1994
!1994
|Convair's aerostructure unit<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-02-fi-11075-story.html |title=Convair Plant in San Diego to Close by 1996: Manufacturing: Move will end 1,900 jobs and the city's long tradition of building planes |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |last=Kraul |first=Chris |date=July 2, 1994 |access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref>
|Convair's aerostructure unit<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-02-fi-11075-story.html |title=Convair Plant in San Diego to Close by 1996: Manufacturing: Move will end 1,900 jobs and the city's long tradition of building planes |work=Los Angeles Times |last=Kraul |first=Chris |date=July 2, 1994 |access-date=April 25, 2020}}</ref>
|[[McDonnell Douglas]]
|[[McDonnell Douglas]]
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