CargoAdmin, Bureaucrats, Moderators (CommentStreams), fileuploaders, Interface administrators, newuser, Push subscription managers, Suppressors, Administrators
14,662
edits
Department of Energy: Difference between revisions
m
Text replacement - "George W. Bush" to "George W. Bush"
m (MrT moved page United States Department of Energy to Department of Energy: Department of Energy) |
m (Text replacement - "George W. Bush" to "George W. Bush") |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
|OrganizationName=Department of Energy | |OrganizationName=Department of Energy | ||
|OrganizationType=Executive agency | |OrganizationType=Executive agency | ||
|Mission=The mission of the Department of Energy (DOE) is to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental, and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions. This includes driving innovation in energy technologies, ensuring the nation's nuclear security, reducing the threat of global climate change, and promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. | |||
|ParentOrganization=Executive Office of the President | |||
|CreationLegislation=Department of Energy Organization Act | |||
|Employees=114000 | |||
|Budget=$51.7 billion | |||
|OrganizationExecutive=Secretary of Energy | |||
|Services=The DOE provides services that include funding and conducting research in basic and applied science, particularly related to energy and environmental issues; managing the nuclear weapons stockpile and nonproliferation activities; overseeing the nation's strategic petroleum reserves; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies; regulating the energy sector for security and reliability; cleaning up environmental contamination from nuclear weapons production sites; and fostering international cooperation on energy and climate issues. | |||
|Regulations=The DOE oversees regulations related to energy conservation, nuclear safety, the disposal of nuclear waste, environmental restoration, energy efficiency standards for appliances and consumer products, and the dissemination of federal energy policies. It also sets guidelines for the operation of the National Laboratories, manages the nuclear security enterprise, enforces energy efficiency standards, and regulates aspects of energy production, particularly in nuclear energy. | |||
|HeadquartersLocation=38.8865, -77.02494 | |||
|HeadquartersAddress=1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585 | |||
|Website=https://www.energy.gov | |||
|Wikipedia=United States Department of Energy | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Redirect|USDOE|the U.S. Department of Education|United States Department of Education}} | {{Redirect|USDOE|the U.S. Department of Education|United States Department of Education}} | ||
| Line 31: | Line 43: | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''United States Department of Energy''' ('''DOE''') is an [[United States federal executive departments|executive department]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] that oversees U.S. national energy policy and | The '''United States Department of Energy''' ('''DOE''') is an [[United States federal executive departments|executive department]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the [[United States Navy]], energy-related research, and energy conservation. | ||
The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the | The DOE was created in 1977 in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. It sponsors more physical science research than any other U.S. federal agency, the majority of which is conducted through its system of [[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories|National Laboratories]]..<ref name="EnergySC">{{cite web | title=Office of Science Funding | website=Energy.gov | url=https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science-funding | access-date=2022-12-01 | archive-date=December 1, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201034723/https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science-funding | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NSF Science and Engineering Indicators 2012 |url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/5902/20170706211612/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/ |archive-date=July 6, 2017 |website=National Science Foundation}}</ref> The DOE also directs research in genomics, with the [[Human Genome Project]] originating from a DOE initiative..<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/jmmbbag.pdf |title=Genomes to Life, Black Bag |date=Spring 2002 |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy |access-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-date=October 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016194238/http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/jmmbbag.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The department is headed by the [[United States Secretary of Energy|secretary of energy]], who reports directly to the [[president of the United States]] and is a member of the [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]]. | The department is headed by the [[United States Secretary of Energy|secretary of energy]], who reports directly to the [[president of the United States]] and is a member of the [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]]. The department's headquarters are in southwestern [[Washington, D.C.]], in the James V. Forrestal Building, with additional offices in Germantown, Maryland. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
===Formation and consolidation=== | ===Formation and consolidation=== | ||
In 1942, during [[World War II]], the United States started the | In 1942, during [[World War II]], the United States started the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. After the war, in 1946, the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) was created to control the future of the project. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 also created the framework for the first [[United States Department of Energy national laboratories|National Laboratories]]. Among other nuclear projects, the AEC produced fabricated uranium fuel cores at locations such as Fernald Feed Materials Production Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 split the responsibilities of the AEC into the new [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]], which was charged with regulating the nuclear power industry, and the Energy Research and Development Administration, which was assigned to manage the nuclear weapon, naval reactor, and energy development programs. | ||
The | The 1973 oil crisis called attention to the need to consolidate energy policy. In 1977, President [[Jimmy Carter]] signed into law the Department of Energy Organization Act, which established the Department of Energy. The new agency, which began operations on October 1, 1977, consolidated the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Research and Development Administration, the Federal Power Commission, and programs of various other agencies. Former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger, who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford during the Vietnam War, was appointed as the first secretary. | ||
[[Jimmy Carter|President Carter]] proposed the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence, and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of | [[Jimmy Carter|President Carter]] proposed the Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy conservation and energy independence, and developing alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels. With international energy's future uncertain for America, Carter acted quickly to have the department come into action the first year of his presidency. This was an extremely important issue of the time as the oil crisis was causing shortages and inflation. With the Three Mile Island accident, Carter was able to intervene with the help of the department. Through the DOE, Carter was able to make changes within the [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]], including improving management and procedures, since nuclear energy and weapons are responsibilities of the department. | ||
=== Loan guarantee program of 2005 === | === Loan guarantee program of 2005 === | ||
In 2001, [[American Solar Challenge]] was sponsored by the DOE and the [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]].<ref>{{cite web |title=State Energy Advisory Board resolution |url=https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f25/STEAB_Resolution_07_01.pdf |website=US Department of Energy |access-date=May 26, 2017 |archive-date=May 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531033151/https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f25/STEAB_Resolution_07_01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> After the 2005 race, the DOE discontinued its sponsorship.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.toyota.com/about/news/community/2008/07/30-2-solarchallenge.html |title=Toyota Sponsors World's Longest Solar Car Race |date=July 30, 2008 |website=Toyota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927150915/http://www.toyota.com/about/news/community/2008/07/30-2-solarchallenge.html |archive-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> | In 2001, [[American Solar Challenge]] was sponsored by the DOE and the [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]].<ref>{{cite web |title=State Energy Advisory Board resolution |url=https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f25/STEAB_Resolution_07_01.pdf |website=US Department of Energy |access-date=May 26, 2017 |archive-date=May 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531033151/https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f25/STEAB_Resolution_07_01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> After the 2005 race, the DOE discontinued its sponsorship.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.toyota.com/about/news/community/2008/07/30-2-solarchallenge.html |title=Toyota Sponsors World's Longest Solar Car Race |date=July 30, 2008 |website=Toyota |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927150915/http://www.toyota.com/about/news/community/2008/07/30-2-solarchallenge.html |archive-date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> | ||
Title XVII of [[Energy Policy Act of 2005]] authorizes the DOE to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that "avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of | Title XVII of [[Energy Policy Act of 2005]] authorizes the DOE to issue loan guarantees to eligible projects that "avoid, reduce, or sequester air pollutants or anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases" and "employ new or significantly improved technologies as compared to technologies in service in the United States at the time the guarantee is issued".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lgprogram.energy.gov/features.html |title=Loan Guarantee Program |date=December 31, 2006 |website=Department of Energy |access-date=August 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201210313/http://www.lgprogram.energy.gov/features.html |archive-date=February 1, 2010}}</ref> In loan guarantees, a conditional commitment requires to meet an equity commitment, as well as other conditions, before the loan guarantee is completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=12360 |title=DOE Offers $535 Million Loan Guarantee to Solyndra, Inc |website=[[Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy]] |date=March 20, 2009 |access-date=August 25, 2009 |archive-date=June 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611150440/http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=12360 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
In September 2008, the DOE, the [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]] (NTI), the [[Institute of Nuclear Materials Management]] (INMM), and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) partnered to develop and launch the [[World Institute for Nuclear Security]] (WINS), an international [[non-governmental organization]] designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening the security and safety of [[nuclear material|nuclear]] and [[radioactive]] materials and facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://secprodonline.com/Articles/2008/09/30/Institute--Nuclear-Materials.aspx |title=Institute To Strengthen Security for Nuclear Materials |date=September 30, 2008 |work=Security Today |access-date=May 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220112809/http://secprodonline.com/Articles/2008/09/30/Institute--Nuclear-Materials.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> | In September 2008, the DOE, the [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]] (NTI), the [[Institute of Nuclear Materials Management]] (INMM), and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) partnered to develop and launch the [[World Institute for Nuclear Security]] (WINS), an international [[non-governmental organization]] designed to provide a forum to share best practices in strengthening the security and safety of [[nuclear material|nuclear]] and [[radioactive]] materials and facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://secprodonline.com/Articles/2008/09/30/Institute--Nuclear-Materials.aspx |title=Institute To Strengthen Security for Nuclear Materials |date=September 30, 2008 |work=Security Today |access-date=May 13, 2017 |archive-date=February 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220112809/http://secprodonline.com/Articles/2008/09/30/Institute--Nuclear-Materials.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
| Line 153: | Line 160: | ||
The department is under the control and supervision of a [[United States Secretary of Energy]], a political appointee of the [[President of the United States]]. The Energy Secretary is assisted in managing the department by a [[United States Deputy Secretary of Energy]], also appointed by the president, who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary's absence. The department also has three under secretaries, each appointed by the president, who oversee the major areas of the department's work. The president also appoints seven officials with the rank of Assistant Secretary of Energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department. The Energy Secretary assigns their functions and duties. | The department is under the control and supervision of a [[United States Secretary of Energy]], a political appointee of the [[President of the United States]]. The Energy Secretary is assisted in managing the department by a [[United States Deputy Secretary of Energy]], also appointed by the president, who assumes the duties of the secretary in the secretary's absence. The department also has three under secretaries, each appointed by the president, who oversee the major areas of the department's work. The president also appoints seven officials with the rank of Assistant Secretary of Energy who have line management responsibility for major organizational elements of the department. The Energy Secretary assigns their functions and duties. | ||
=== Sub-Organizations === | |||
{{SubOrg table|Where=Department of Energy}} | |||
=== Symbolism in the seal === | === Symbolism in the seal === | ||
| Line 361: | Line 371: | ||
| January 22, 2001 | | January 22, 2001 | ||
| January 31, 2005 | | January 31, 2005 | ||
| rowspan=2| | | rowspan=2|George W. Bush | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 11 | | 11 | ||