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United States Naval Academy: Difference between revisions
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The '''United States Naval Academy''' ('''USNA''', '''Navy''', or '''Annapolis''') is a [[United States Service academies|federal service academy]] in [[Annapolis, Maryland]]. It was established on 10 October 1845 during the tenure of [[George Bancroft]] as [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]. The Naval Academy is the second oldest of the five [[United States service academies|U.S. service academies]] and it educates midshipmen for service in the officer corps of the [[United States Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps]]. It is part of the [[Naval University System]]. The {{convert|338|acre|ha|0|adj=on}} campus is located on the former grounds of [[Fort Severn]] at the confluence of the [[Severn River (Maryland)|Severn River]] and [[Chesapeake Bay]] in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]], {{convert|33|mi|km|0}} east of Washington, D.C., and {{convert|26|mi|km}} southeast of [[Baltimore]]. The entire campus, known colloquially as the Yard, is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced [[Philadelphia Naval Asylum]] in | The '''United States Naval Academy''' ('''USNA''', '''Navy''', or '''Annapolis''') is a [[United States Service academies|federal service academy]] in [[Annapolis, Maryland]]. It was established on 10 October 1845 during the tenure of [[George Bancroft]] as [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]. The Naval Academy is the second oldest of the five [[United States service academies|U.S. service academies]] and it educates midshipmen for service in the officer corps of the [[United States Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps]]. It is part of the [[Naval University System]]. The {{convert|338|acre|ha|0|adj=on}} campus is located on the former grounds of [[Fort Severn]] at the confluence of the [[Severn River (Maryland)|Severn River]] and [[Chesapeake Bay]] in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]], {{convert|33|mi|km|0}} east of Washington, D.C., and {{convert|26|mi|km}} southeast of [[Baltimore]]. The entire campus, known colloquially as the Yard, is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and home to many historic sites, buildings, and monuments. It replaced [[Philadelphia Naval Asylum]] in Philadelphia that had served as the first United States Naval Academy from 1838 to 1845 when the Naval Academy formed in Annapolis.<ref name=toll>{{cite web|url=http://www.navalsquare.com/historic.html|title=History Meets Modern Luxury|author=Toll Brothers|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215124855/http://www.navalsquare.com/historic.html|archive-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> | ||
Candidates for admission generally must apply directly to the academy and apply separately for a nomination, usually from a [[United States Congress|member of Congress]]. Students are officers-in-training with the rank of [[midshipman]]. Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 "plebes" (an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word ''[[plebeian]]'') enter the academy each summer for the rigorous [[Plebe Summer]]. About 1,000 midshipmen graduate and commission. Graduates are [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] as either [[Ensign (rank)|ensigns]] in the Navy or [[second lieutenant]]s in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest-paid graduates in the country according to starting salary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colleges with the highest-paid grads|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/college/2014/09/10/higest-paid-graduates/2.html|website=CNN|date=10 September 2014|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920122500/https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/college/2014/09/10/higest-paid-graduates/2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's [[Honor Concept]]. | Candidates for admission generally must apply directly to the academy and apply separately for a nomination, usually from a [[United States Congress|member of Congress]]. Students are officers-in-training with the rank of [[midshipman]]. Tuition for midshipmen is fully funded by the Navy in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,200 "plebes" (an abbreviation of the Ancient Roman word ''[[plebeian]]'') enter the academy each summer for the rigorous [[Plebe Summer]]. About 1,000 midshipmen graduate and commission. Graduates are [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] as either [[Ensign (rank)|ensigns]] in the Navy or [[second lieutenant]]s in the Marine Corps, but a small number can also be cross-commissioned as officers in other U.S. services, and the services of allied nations. The United States Naval Academy has some of the highest-paid graduates in the country according to starting salary.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colleges with the highest-paid grads|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/college/2014/09/10/higest-paid-graduates/2.html|website=CNN|date=10 September 2014|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920122500/https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/college/2014/09/10/higest-paid-graduates/2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The academic program grants a Bachelor of Science degree with a curriculum that grades midshipmen's performance upon a broad academic program, military leadership performance, and mandatory participation in competitive athletics. Midshipmen are required to adhere to the academy's [[Honor Concept]]. | ||
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In 1940, the academy stopped using ''Reina Mercedes'' as a brig for disciplining midshipmen, and restricted them to Bancroft Hall, instead.<ref name="reina"/> | In 1940, the academy stopped using ''Reina Mercedes'' as a brig for disciplining midshipmen, and restricted them to Bancroft Hall, instead.<ref name="reina"/> | ||
In April 1941, superintendent Rear Admiral [[Russell Willson]] refused to allow the school's [[field lacrosse|lacrosse]] team [[1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game|to play a visiting team]] from [[Harvard University]] because the Harvard team included an African-American player. Harvard's athletic director ordered the player home and the game was played on 4 April, as scheduled, which Navy won 12–0.<ref>{{cite news |last=Doan |first=Lurita |author-link=Lurita Doan |date=2 August 2009 |url=https://latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-doan2-2009aug02,0,4175835.story |title=On race, Harvard still must learn |format=Newspaper editorial |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=12 December 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805180700/http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-doan2-2009aug02,0,4175835.story |url-status=live }}; {{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Donald M. |year=2002 |title=Lacrosse: A History of the Game |url=https://archive.org/details/lacrossehistoryo0000fish |url-access=registration |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-6938-2 }}; {{cite news |last=Gup |first=Ted |date=12 December 2004 |url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2004/12/12/southern_discomfort/ |title=Southern Discomfort |format=Newspaper article |work=Boston Globe |access-date=11 August 2009 |archive-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114045851/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2004/12/12/southern_discomfort/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Georgia Tech President and Colonel Dr. [[Blake R Van Leer]] would later be appointed by President | In April 1941, superintendent Rear Admiral [[Russell Willson]] refused to allow the school's [[field lacrosse|lacrosse]] team [[1941 Harvard–Navy lacrosse game|to play a visiting team]] from [[Harvard University]] because the Harvard team included an African-American player. Harvard's athletic director ordered the player home and the game was played on 4 April, as scheduled, which Navy won 12–0.<ref>{{cite news |last=Doan |first=Lurita |author-link=Lurita Doan |date=2 August 2009 |url=https://latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-doan2-2009aug02,0,4175835.story |title=On race, Harvard still must learn |format=Newspaper editorial |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=12 December 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805180700/http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-doan2-2009aug02,0,4175835.story |url-status=live }}; {{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Donald M. |year=2002 |title=Lacrosse: A History of the Game |url=https://archive.org/details/lacrossehistoryo0000fish |url-access=registration |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-6938-2 }}; {{cite news |last=Gup |first=Ted |date=12 December 2004 |url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2004/12/12/southern_discomfort/ |title=Southern Discomfort |format=Newspaper article |work=Boston Globe |access-date=11 August 2009 |archive-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114045851/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2004/12/12/southern_discomfort/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Georgia Tech President and Colonel Dr. [[Blake R Van Leer]] would later be appointed by President Harry S. Truman to the Visitor Board and assist with its curriculum. Dr. Van Leer was already a member to [[UNESCO|The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] who had a focus to work against racism through influential [[The Race Question|statements on race]] starting with a declaration of anthropologists.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001269/126969eb.pdf |title = UNESCO. (1950). Statement by experts on race problems. Paris, 20 July 1950. UNESCO/SS/1. UNESDOC database |access-date = 8 June 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120407030543/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001269/126969eb.pdf |archive-date = 7 April 2012 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3N_KlLQISQMC&dq=blake+%22van+leer%22&pg=PA35|title=Summary Minutes of Meeting|year=1956|publisher=United States National Commission for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.|access-date=20 March 2023|archive-date=12 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412052422/https://books.google.com/books?id=3N_KlLQISQMC&dq=blake+%22van+leer%22&pg=PA35|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
In 1941, the 5th and 6th wings of Bancroft Hall were completed.<ref name=greatwar/><!---I think they were started during WW I!--> Landfill was made outboard of the hospital to create a sports field. Fill was made on the north side of the Severn to create an area for seaplanes.{{sfn|Poyer|2018|pp=12–13}} | In 1941, the 5th and 6th wings of Bancroft Hall were completed.<ref name=greatwar/><!---I think they were started during WW I!--> Landfill was made outboard of the hospital to create a sports field. Fill was made on the north side of the Severn to create an area for seaplanes.{{sfn|Poyer|2018|pp=12–13}} | ||
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[[Freedom 7]], America's first space capsule shot into sub-orbit in 1961, was placed on display at the visitor center as the centerpiece of the "Grads in Space" exhibit on 23 September 1998. The late Rear Admiral [[Alan Shepard]], Class of 1945, had flown Mercury program capsule "Freedom 7" {{convert|116.5|mi|km|1}} into space on 5 May 1961. His historic flight marked America's first step in the [[space race]].<ref name="auto1"/> | [[Freedom 7]], America's first space capsule shot into sub-orbit in 1961, was placed on display at the visitor center as the centerpiece of the "Grads in Space" exhibit on 23 September 1998. The late Rear Admiral [[Alan Shepard]], Class of 1945, had flown Mercury program capsule "Freedom 7" {{convert|116.5|mi|km|1}} into space on 5 May 1961. His historic flight marked America's first step in the [[space race]].<ref name="auto1"/> | ||
On 11 September 2001, the academy lost 14 alumni in the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in | On 11 September 2001, the academy lost 14 alumni in the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in New York City and [[The Pentagon]] in Arlington County, Virginia. The academy and its bounds was placed under unprecedented high security.<ref name="auto1"/> | ||
In August 2007, Superintendent Vice Admiral Jeffrey Fowler changed academy policy to limit liberty, required more squad interaction to emphasize that "we are a nation at war."<ref name=WP20070817>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/17/AR2007081702146.html?nav=hcmodule|title=Naval Academy Sets Tough Wartime Rules|author=Vogel, Steve|page=B01|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=17 August 2007|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709232226/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/17/AR2007081702146.html?nav=hcmodule|url-status=live}}</ref> | In August 2007, Superintendent Vice Admiral Jeffrey Fowler changed academy policy to limit liberty, required more squad interaction to emphasize that "we are a nation at war."<ref name=WP20070817>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/17/AR2007081702146.html?nav=hcmodule|title=Naval Academy Sets Tough Wartime Rules|author=Vogel, Steve|page=B01|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=17 August 2007|access-date=4 December 2018|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709232226/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/17/AR2007081702146.html?nav=hcmodule|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||