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White House Chief of Staff: Difference between revisions
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==Historical background== | ==Historical background== | ||
Originally, the duties now performed by the chief of staff belonged to the president's [[Secretary to the President of the United States|private secretary]] and were fulfilled by crucial confidantes and policy advisers such as [[George B. Cortelyou]], [[Joseph Patrick Tumulty|Joseph Tumulty]], and [[Louis McHenry Howe]] to presidents | Originally, the duties now performed by the chief of staff belonged to the president's [[Secretary to the President of the United States|private secretary]] and were fulfilled by crucial confidantes and policy advisers such as [[George B. Cortelyou]], [[Joseph Patrick Tumulty|Joseph Tumulty]], and [[Louis McHenry Howe]] to presidents Theodore Roosevelt, [[Woodrow Wilson]], and [[Franklin Roosevelt]], respectively.<ref name="Secretary to the President">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748188-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120082907/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748188-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-01-20|title=New Quarters|date=December 17, 1934|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=2008-05-08}}</ref> The private secretary served as the president's ''de facto'' chief aide, in a role that combined personal and professional assignments of highly delicate and demanding natures, requiring great skill and utmost discretion.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,716345,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222152117/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,716345,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 22, 2008 |title=An Appointment|date=August 20, 1923 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=May 9, 2009}}</ref> The job of gatekeeper and overseeing the president's schedule was separately delegated to the appointments secretary, as with aide [[Edwin "Pa" Watson]].<ref name=FDR>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/offtherecordwith002090mbp|title=Off The Record With FDR 1942–1945|year=1958|first=William D.|last=Hassett|page=36|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|location=Chicago, Illinois|accessdate=2009-05-09}}</ref> | ||
From 1933 to 1939, as he greatly expanded the scope of the federal government's policies and powers in response to the [[Great Depression]], President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] relied on his famous '[[Brain Trust#Roosevelt's "Brain Trust"|Brain Trust]]' of top advisers. Although working directly for the president, they were often appointed to vacant positions in federal agencies and departments, whence they drew their salaries since the [[White House]] lacked statutory or budgetary authority to create staff positions. It was not until 1939, during Roosevelt's second term in office, that the foundations of the modern [[White House staff]] were created using a formal structure. Roosevelt was able to persuade Congress to approve the creation of the [[Executive Office of the President]], which would report directly to the president. During [[World War II]], Roosevelt created the position of "Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief" for his principal military adviser, Fleet Admiral [[William D. Leahy]].{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} | From 1933 to 1939, as he greatly expanded the scope of the federal government's policies and powers in response to the [[Great Depression]], President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] relied on his famous '[[Brain Trust#Roosevelt's "Brain Trust"|Brain Trust]]' of top advisers. Although working directly for the president, they were often appointed to vacant positions in federal agencies and departments, whence they drew their salaries since the [[White House]] lacked statutory or budgetary authority to create staff positions. It was not until 1939, during Roosevelt's second term in office, that the foundations of the modern [[White House staff]] were created using a formal structure. Roosevelt was able to persuade Congress to approve the creation of the [[Executive Office of the President]], which would report directly to the president. During [[World War II]], Roosevelt created the position of "Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief" for his principal military adviser, Fleet Admiral [[William D. Leahy]].{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} | ||