Harvard University: Difference between revisions

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The university has ten academic faculties and a faculty attached to [[Harvard Radcliffe Institute]]. The [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences|Faculty of Arts and Sciences]] offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate [[academic discipline]]s, and other faculties offer graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three campuses:<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculties and Allied Institutions |url=http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/09_03OrgChtFac.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611155105/http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/09_03OrgChtFac.pdf |archive-date=June 11, 2010 |access-date=August 27, 2010 |website=harvard.edu |publisher=Office of the Provost, Harvard University}}</ref>
The university has ten academic faculties and a faculty attached to [[Harvard Radcliffe Institute]]. The [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences|Faculty of Arts and Sciences]] offers study in a wide range of undergraduate and graduate [[academic discipline]]s, and other faculties offer graduate degrees, including professional degrees. Harvard has three campuses:<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculties and Allied Institutions |url=http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/09_03OrgChtFac.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611155105/http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/09_03OrgChtFac.pdf |archive-date=June 11, 2010 |access-date=August 27, 2010 |website=harvard.edu |publisher=Office of the Provost, Harvard University}}</ref>
the main campus, a {{convert|209|acre|ha|adj=on}} in Cambridge centered on [[Harvard Yard]]; an adjoining campus immediately across [[Charles River]] in the [[Allston]] neighborhood of [[Boston]]; and the medical campus in Boston's [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area|Longwood Medical Area]].<ref name="Campus">{{cite web |year=2012 |title=Faculties and Allied Institutions |url=http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/harvard_fact_book_2012_physical_plant.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523000940/http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/harvard_fact_book_2012_physical_plant.pdf |archive-date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=June 15, 2013 |publisher=Office of the Provost, Harvard University}}</ref> [[Harvard University endowment|Harvard's endowment]], valued at {{USD|50.7 billion|long=no}}, makes it the [[List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment|wealthiest academic institution]] in the world.<ref name="BGendow" /><ref name="HFRendow" /> [[Harvard Library]], with more than 20 million volumes, is the world's largest [[academic library]].
the main campus, a {{convert|209|acre|ha|adj=on}} in Cambridge centered on [[Harvard Yard]]; an adjoining campus immediately across [[Charles River]] in the [[Allston]] neighborhood of Boston; and the medical campus in Boston's [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area|Longwood Medical Area]].<ref name="Campus">{{cite web |year=2012 |title=Faculties and Allied Institutions |url=http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/harvard_fact_book_2012_physical_plant.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523000940/http://www.provost.harvard.edu/institutional_research/harvard_fact_book_2012_physical_plant.pdf |archive-date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=June 15, 2013 |publisher=Office of the Provost, Harvard University}}</ref> [[Harvard University endowment|Harvard's endowment]], valued at {{USD|50.7 billion|long=no}}, makes it the [[List of colleges and universities in the United States by endowment|wealthiest academic institution]] in the world.<ref name="BGendow" /><ref name="HFRendow" /> [[Harvard Library]], with more than 20 million volumes, is the world's largest [[academic library]].


Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers include [[List of universities by number of billionaire alumni|188 living billionaires]], [[List of presidents of the United States by education|eight U.S. presidents]], [[List of Harvard University politicians|24 heads of state and 31 heads of government]], founders of notable companies, [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|Nobel laureates]], [[Fields Medal]]ists, [[United States Congress|members of Congress]], [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellows]], [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]], [[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall Scholars]], [[Turing Award|Turing Award Recipients]], [[Pulitzer Prize]] recipients, and [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright Scholars]]; by most metrics, Harvard University ranks among the top universities in the world in each of these categories.<ref group="Notes" name="laureates">Universities adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others more stringent.<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/ |title=The '''official''' Harvard count, which is '''49''', only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to '''some 160 Nobel affiliates''', the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322165735/https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 }}  
Harvard alumni, faculty, and researchers include [[List of universities by number of billionaire alumni|188 living billionaires]], [[List of presidents of the United States by education|eight U.S. presidents]], [[List of Harvard University politicians|24 heads of state and 31 heads of government]], founders of notable companies, [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|Nobel laureates]], [[Fields Medal]]ists, [[United States Congress|members of Congress]], [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellows]], [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]], [[Marshall Scholarship|Marshall Scholars]], [[Turing Award|Turing Award Recipients]], [[Pulitzer Prize]] recipients, and [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright Scholars]]; by most metrics, Harvard University ranks among the top universities in the world in each of these categories.<ref group="Notes" name="laureates">Universities adopt different metrics to claim Nobel or other academic award affiliates, some generous while others more stringent.<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/ |title=The '''official''' Harvard count, which is '''49''', only includes academicians affiliated at the time of winning the prize. Yet, the figure can be up to '''some 160 Nobel affiliates''', the most worldwide, if visitors and professors of various ranks are all included (the most generous criterium), as what some other universities do.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322165735/https://www.harvard.edu/about/history/nobel-laureates/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 }}  
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[[File:harvard memorial church winter 2009.JPG|thumb|[[Memorial Church of Harvard University|Memorial Church]], dedicated and opened in 1932 on [[Harvard Yard]]]]
[[File:harvard memorial church winter 2009.JPG|thumb|[[Memorial Church of Harvard University|Memorial Church]], dedicated and opened in 1932 on [[Harvard Yard]]]]
[[File:HarvardYard.jpg|thumb|[[Harvard Yard]] at the center of Harvard's main campus in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]]]
[[File:HarvardYard.jpg|thumb|[[Harvard Yard]] at the center of Harvard's main campus in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]]]
The {{convert|209|acre|ha|adj=on}} main campus of Harvard University is centered on [[Harvard Yard]], colloquially known as "the Yard," in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], about {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} west-northwest of downtown [[Boston]], and extending to the surrounding [[Harvard Square]] neighborhood. The Yard houses several Harvard buildings, including four of the university's libraries, [[Houghton Library|Houghton]], [[Lamont Library|Lamont]], [[Pusey Library|Pusey]], and [[Widener Library|Widener]]. Also on Harvard Yard are [[Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)|Massachusetts Hall]], built between 1718 and 1720 and the university's oldest still standing building, [[Memorial Church of Harvard University|Memorial Church]], and [[University Hall (Harvard University)|University Hall]]
The {{convert|209|acre|ha|adj=on}} main campus of Harvard University is centered on [[Harvard Yard]], colloquially known as "the Yard," in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], about {{convert|3|mi|km|0}} west-northwest of downtown Boston, and extending to the surrounding [[Harvard Square]] neighborhood. The Yard houses several Harvard buildings, including four of the university's libraries, [[Houghton Library|Houghton]], [[Lamont Library|Lamont]], [[Pusey Library|Pusey]], and [[Widener Library|Widener]]. Also on Harvard Yard are [[Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)|Massachusetts Hall]], built between 1718 and 1720 and the university's oldest still standing building, [[Memorial Church of Harvard University|Memorial Church]], and [[University Hall (Harvard University)|University Hall]]


Harvard Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences|Faculty of Arts and Sciences]], including [[Sever Hall]], [[Harvard Hall]], and [[List of Harvard College freshman dormitories|freshman dormitories]]. Upperclassmen live in the twelve [[Harvard House system|residential houses]], located south of Harvard Yard near the [[Charles River]] and on [[Radcliffe Quadrangle (Harvard)|Radcliffe Quadrangle]], which formerly housed [[Radcliffe College]] students. Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dso.college.harvard.edu/houses |title=The Houses |publisher=Harvard College Dean of Students Office |access-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214033329/https://dso.college.harvard.edu/houses |url-status=live }}</ref>
Harvard Yard and adjacent areas include the main academic buildings of the [[Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences|Faculty of Arts and Sciences]], including [[Sever Hall]], [[Harvard Hall]], and [[List of Harvard College freshman dormitories|freshman dormitories]]. Upperclassmen live in the twelve [[Harvard House system|residential houses]], located south of Harvard Yard near the [[Charles River]] and on [[Radcliffe Quadrangle (Harvard)|Radcliffe Quadrangle]], which formerly housed [[Radcliffe College]] students. Each house is a community of undergraduates, faculty deans, and resident tutors, with its own dining hall, library, and recreational facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dso.college.harvard.edu/houses |title=The Houses |publisher=Harvard College Dean of Students Office |access-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214033329/https://dso.college.harvard.edu/houses |url-status=live }}</ref>
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=== Allston ===
=== Allston ===
{{Main|Harvard University's expansion in Allston, Massachusetts}}
{{Main|Harvard University's expansion in Allston, Massachusetts}}
[[Harvard Business School]], [[Harvard Innovation Labs]], and many athletics facilities, including [[Harvard Stadium]], are located on a {{convert|358|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus in the [[Allston]] section of [[Boston]] across the [[John W. Weeks Bridge]], which crosses the [[Charles River]] and connects the Allston and Cambridge campuses.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Tim|last=Logan|date=April 13, 2016|title=Harvard continues its march into Allston, with science complex|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/04/13/harvard-continues-its-march-into-allston-with-science-complex/7EVJQcLlS3XtbzKnGegR9M/story.html|access-date=January 24, 2022|website=BostonGlobe.com|language=en-US|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518165423/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/04/13/harvard-continues-its-march-into-allston-with-science-complex/7EVJQcLlS3XtbzKnGegR9M/story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Harvard Business School]], [[Harvard Innovation Labs]], and many athletics facilities, including [[Harvard Stadium]], are located on a {{convert|358|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus in the [[Allston]] section of Boston across the [[John W. Weeks Bridge]], which crosses the [[Charles River]] and connects the Allston and Cambridge campuses.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Tim|last=Logan|date=April 13, 2016|title=Harvard continues its march into Allston, with science complex|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/04/13/harvard-continues-its-march-into-allston-with-science-complex/7EVJQcLlS3XtbzKnGegR9M/story.html|access-date=January 24, 2022|website=BostonGlobe.com|language=en-US|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518165423/https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/04/13/harvard-continues-its-march-into-allston-with-science-complex/7EVJQcLlS3XtbzKnGegR9M/story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.<ref>{{cite web |title=Allston Planning and Development / Office of the Executive Vice President |url=http://evp.harvard.edu/allston-planning-and-development |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508133917/https://evp.harvard.edu/allston-planning-and-development |archive-date=May 8, 2017 |access-date=September 7, 2016 |website=harvard.edu |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bayliss |first=Svea Herbst |date=January 21, 2007 |title=Harvard unveils big campus expansion |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-harvard-expansion-idUSN1110846820070112 |access-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414105603/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-harvard-expansion-idUSN1110846820070112 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The university is actively expanding into Allston, where it now owns more land than in Cambridge.<ref>{{cite web |title=Allston Planning and Development / Office of the Executive Vice President |url=http://evp.harvard.edu/allston-planning-and-development |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508133917/https://evp.harvard.edu/allston-planning-and-development |archive-date=May 8, 2017 |access-date=September 7, 2016 |website=harvard.edu |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> Plans include new construction and renovation for the Business School, a hotel and conference center, graduate student housing, Harvard Stadium, and other athletics facilities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bayliss |first=Svea Herbst |date=January 21, 2007 |title=Harvard unveils big campus expansion |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-harvard-expansion-idUSN1110846820070112 |access-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414105603/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-harvard-expansion-idUSN1110846820070112 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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=== Longwood ===
=== Longwood ===
{{Main|Longwood Medical and Academic Area}}
{{Main|Longwood Medical and Academic Area}}
[[File:Harvard Medical School HDR.jpg|thumb|[[Harvard Medical School]] in the [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area]] in [[Boston]]]]
[[File:Harvard Medical School HDR.jpg|thumb|[[Harvard Medical School]] in the [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area]] in Boston]]
The university's schools of [[Harvard Medical School|Medicine]], [[Harvard School of Dental Medicine|Dental Medicine]], and [[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health|Public Health]] are located on a {{convert|21|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus in the [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area]] in [[Boston]], about {{convert|3.3|mi|km}} south of the Cambridge campus.<ref name="Campus" />
The university's schools of [[Harvard Medical School|Medicine]], [[Harvard School of Dental Medicine|Dental Medicine]], and [[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health|Public Health]] are located on a {{convert|21|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus in the [[Longwood Medical and Academic Area]] in Boston, about {{convert|3.3|mi|km}} south of the Cambridge campus.<ref name="Campus" />


Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including [[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center]], [[Boston Children's Hospital]], [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]], [[Dana–Farber Cancer Institute]], [[Joslin Diabetes Center]], and the [[Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering]]. Additional affiliates, including [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], are located throughout [[Greater Boston]].
Several Harvard-affiliated hospitals and research institutes are also in Longwood, including [[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center]], [[Boston Children's Hospital]], [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]], [[Dana–Farber Cancer Institute]], [[Joslin Diabetes Center]], and the [[Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering]]. Additional affiliates, including [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], are located throughout [[Greater Boston]].