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Commission of Fine Arts: Difference between revisions
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==Formation of the CFA== | ==Formation of the CFA== | ||
President [[George Washington]] granted the government of the District of Columbia the power to regulate architectural design and urban planning. These powers were suspended by President [[James Monroe]] in 1822.<ref name="GrantPlanning">{{cite journal|last=Grant |first= Ulysses S. III|title =Planning the Nation's Capital|journal = Records of the Columbia Historical Society |date = 1948–1950|volume= 50|page = 48|jstor = 40067315}}</ref> In the wake of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in | President [[George Washington]] granted the government of the District of Columbia the power to regulate architectural design and urban planning. These powers were suspended by President [[James Monroe]] in 1822.<ref name="GrantPlanning">{{cite journal|last=Grant |first= Ulysses S. III|title =Planning the Nation's Capital|journal = Records of the Columbia Historical Society |date = 1948–1950|volume= 50|page = 48|jstor = 40067315}}</ref> In the wake of the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in Chicago in 1893, the [[Cosmos Club]] and [[American Institute of Architects]] formed the Public Art League, a new organization whose purpose was to lobby for a new agency of the federal government to approve the design or purchase of art and architecture by the federal government. Legislation was proposed in Congress in 1897, but failed to pass because members of Congress wanted an advisory board rather than one which could deny Congress the ability to award commissions as part of the [[spoils system]].<ref>Kohler, ''The Commission of Fine Arts: A Brief History, 1910–1995'', p. 1.</ref> | ||
In 1900, the [[United States Congress]] created the [[McMillan Plan|Senate Park Commission]] (also known as the "McMillan Commission" for its chairman, [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[James McMillan (politician)|James McMillan]] (R-[[Michigan|MI]])) to reconcile competing visions for the development of [[Washington, D.C.]], and especially the [[National Mall]] and nearby areas.<ref>Peterson, p. 77-91.</ref> The commission's plan for development of the city, popularly known as the [[McMillan Plan]], proposed the razing of all residences and other buildings on [[President's Park#Lafayette Park|Lafayette Square]] and building tall, [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] government office buildings with facades of white [[marble]] around the square to house executive branch offices.<ref>Peterson, p. 94.</ref> It also proposed clearing large spaces north and south of the [[National Mall]], realigning some streets, and constructing major new museums and public buildings along the Mall's length.<ref>Bednar, p. 49-51.</ref> The commission also proposed significant expansion of the district's park system, the creation of a system of [[parkway]]s, and extensive renovation and beautification of existing parks.<ref>Davis, p. 137-180.</ref> Over the next few years, the President and Congress established several new agencies to supervise the approval, design, and construction of new buildings in the [[District of Columbia]] to carry out the McMillan Plan: The Commission of Fine Arts in 1910 to review and advise on the design of new structures, the Public Buildings Commission in 1916 to make recommendations regarding the construction of buildings to house federal agencies and offices, and the [[National Capital Planning Commission|National Capital Parks and Planning Commission]] in 1924 to oversee planning for the District.<ref>Cannadine, p. 373-374.</ref> | In 1900, the [[United States Congress]] created the [[McMillan Plan|Senate Park Commission]] (also known as the "McMillan Commission" for its chairman, [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[James McMillan (politician)|James McMillan]] (R-[[Michigan|MI]])) to reconcile competing visions for the development of [[Washington, D.C.]], and especially the [[National Mall]] and nearby areas.<ref>Peterson, p. 77-91.</ref> The commission's plan for development of the city, popularly known as the [[McMillan Plan]], proposed the razing of all residences and other buildings on [[President's Park#Lafayette Park|Lafayette Square]] and building tall, [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] government office buildings with facades of white [[marble]] around the square to house executive branch offices.<ref>Peterson, p. 94.</ref> It also proposed clearing large spaces north and south of the [[National Mall]], realigning some streets, and constructing major new museums and public buildings along the Mall's length.<ref>Bednar, p. 49-51.</ref> The commission also proposed significant expansion of the district's park system, the creation of a system of [[parkway]]s, and extensive renovation and beautification of existing parks.<ref>Davis, p. 137-180.</ref> Over the next few years, the President and Congress established several new agencies to supervise the approval, design, and construction of new buildings in the [[District of Columbia]] to carry out the McMillan Plan: The Commission of Fine Arts in 1910 to review and advise on the design of new structures, the Public Buildings Commission in 1916 to make recommendations regarding the construction of buildings to house federal agencies and offices, and the [[National Capital Planning Commission|National Capital Parks and Planning Commission]] in 1924 to oversee planning for the District.<ref>Cannadine, p. 373-374.</ref> | ||