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== Divisions ==
== Divisions ==
{{Education in the U.S.}}
 
IES is divided into four major research and statistics centers:
IES is divided into four major research and statistics centers:
* National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE)—NCEE conducts large-scale evaluations and provides research-based technical assistance and information about high-quality research to educators and policymakers in a variety of different formats. NCEE's work includes evaluations of education programs and practices supported by federal funds; the Regional Educational Laboratory Program; the [[Education Resources Information Center]] (ERIC); the What Works Clearinghouse; and the [[National Library of Education]]. Matthew Soldner is the Commissioner of NCEE.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/inside-school-research/2018/06/higher_ed_researcher_matthew_s.html|title=Higher Ed Researcher Matthew Soldner to Lead Evaluations at IES|date=June 25, 2017|newspaper=Education Week|access-date=August 28, 2018 |last1=Sparks |first1=Sarah D. }}</ref>
* National Center for Education Research (NCER)—NCER supports research to improve student outcomes and education quality in the United States and pursue workable solutions to the challenges faced by educators and the education community. NCER also supports training programs to prepare researchers to conduct high quality, scientific education research. Elizabeth Albro is the Commissioner of NCER.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aera.net/Newsroom/AERA-Highlights-E-newsletter/AERA-Highlights-July-2018/Albro-Appointed-IES-Commissioner-of-NCER-Other-Education-Appointments-Confirmed|title=Albro Appointed IES Commissioner of NCER|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>
* [[National Center for Education Statistics]] (NCES)—NCES is the primary federal entity that collects and analyzes data related to education in the United States and other nations. Among the programs and initiatives that NCES oversees is the [[National Assessment of Educational Progress]]. James Lynn Woodworth is the Commissioner of NCES.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/nces-welcomes-a-new-commissioner|title=NCES Blog {{!}} NCES Welcomes a New Commissioner |website=nces.ed.gov|language=en|access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref>
* National Center for Special Education Research (NCSER)—NCSER sponsors and supports comprehensive research that is designed to expand the knowledge and understanding of infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities, or those who are at risk of developing disabilities. NCSER also supports training programs to prepare researchers to conduct high quality, scientific special education research. Joan E. McLaughlin is the commissioner of NCSER.
==National Board for Education Sciences==
The National Board for Education Sciences serves as an advisory board for IES and has 15 voting members, who are appointed by the [[President of the United States]]. The Board also includes several ex-officio, non-voting members, including the director of IES, the commissioners of the four centers, and representatives of the [[National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]], the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the [[U.S. Department of Labor]], and the [[National Science Foundation]]. The Board advises and consults with the director and the commissioners to identify research and organizational priorities for IES. On October 7, 2022, President Biden announced the intention to appointment 15 new members to the NBES.<ref>{{citation |title=President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions|website= Whitehouse.gov |date= October 27, 2022 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/10/27/president-biden-announces-key-appointments-to-boards-and-commissions-12/ |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref> Larry Hedges, of Northwestern University, was previously the chairman of the National Board for Education Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ies.ed.gov/director/board/members.asp|title=National Board for Education Sciences, Institute of Education Sciences (IES)|website=ies.ed.gov|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>


==Controversies==
=== National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance ===
In the winter of 2020–2021, after the election of President [[Joe Biden]] but prior to his inauguration in January, the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] carried out several eleventh-hour appointments, including filling the NBES board where vacancies had existed for several years. Many of these appointment choices were harshly criticized by education organizations for a lack of academic or educational research credentials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump Appointments to NBES Raise Serious Concerns on Appropriate Expertise on Education Research |url= https://www.aera.net/Newsroom/AERA-Highlights-E-newsletter/AERA-Highlights-December-2020/Trump-Appointments-to-NBES-Raise-Serious-Concerns-on-Appropriate-Expertise-on-Education-Research |publisher= American Educational Research Association |date= December 2020 |access-date= 29 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=President Trump Appoints Eight Members to NBES |publisher= Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences |url=https://fabbs.org/2020/12/president-trump-appoints-eight-to-nbes/ |date= 15 December 2020 |access-date= 29 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sparks |first=Sarah D. |date=2020-12-14|title=Researchers Balk at Trump's Last-Minute Picks for Ed. Science Board |url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/researchers-balk-at-trumps-last-minute-picks-for-ed-science-board/2020/12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126024816/https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/researchers-balk-at-trumps-last-minute-picks-for-ed-science-board/2020/12 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=Education Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mervis |first=Jeffrey |date=2020-12-11 |title=Researchers decry Trump picks for education sciences advisory board |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/researchers-decry-trump-picks-education-sciences-advisory-board |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107150734/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/12/researchers-decry-trump-picks-education-sciences-advisory-board |archive-date=January 7, 2021|access-date= 18 December 2020 |website=Science {{!}} AAAS |language=en}}</ref>
[[National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance]] (NCEE) conducts large-scale evaluations and provides research-based technical assistance and information about high-quality research to educators and policymakers in a variety of different formats. NCEE's work includes evaluations of education programs and practices supported by federal funds; the Regional Educational Laboratory Program; the [[Education Resources Information Center]] (ERIC); the What Works Clearinghouse; and the [[National Library of Education]]. Matthew Soldner is the Commissioner of NCEE.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/inside-school-research/2018/06/higher_ed_researcher_matthew_s.html|title=Higher Ed Researcher Matthew Soldner to Lead Evaluations at IES|date=June 25, 2017|newspaper=Education Week|access-date=August 28, 2018 |last1=Sparks |first1=Sarah D. }}</ref>


In May 2021, two of the new NBES appointees, [[Steve Hanke]] and [[John Yoo]], both professors, published a commentary in ''The Wall Street Journal'', arguing that their Board commission documents and those of others had been duly signed and certified during the Trump administration and sent to the office of the [[United States Secretary of Education|Secretary of Education]]. Yet, the new Secretary, [[Miguel Cardona]], refused to acknowledge the appointments, deliver the credentials, or facilitate statutorily required Board meetings.<ref>{{cite web |title= Marbury v. the Education Department |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/marbury-v-the-education-department-11621893306?page=1 |work= The Wall Street Journal |first1=Steve H. |last1= Hanke |first2= John |last2= Yoo |date= 24 May 2021 |access-date=29 September 2021 }}</ref> In their ''Wall Street Journal'' commentary, the professors asserted that the circumstances mirrored those of the landmark 1803 U.S. Supreme Court case of [[Marbury v. Madison]].
=== National Center for Education Research ===
[[National Center for Education Research]] (NCER) supports research to improve student outcomes and education quality in the United States and pursue workable solutions to the challenges faced by educators and the education community. NCER also supports training programs to prepare researchers to conduct high quality, scientific education research. Elizabeth Albro is the Commissioner of NCER.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aera.net/Newsroom/AERA-Highlights-E-newsletter/AERA-Highlights-July-2018/Albro-Appointed-IES-Commissioner-of-NCER-Other-Education-Appointments-Confirmed|title=Albro Appointed IES Commissioner of NCER|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref>


In July 2021, the [[Pacific Legal Foundation]] claimed that they had obtained emails from [[White House]] officials confirming that Department of Education officials were in possession of the credentials and that the foundation had sent a demand letter on behalf of Hanke and Yoo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agency bureaucrats can't ignore Marbury v. Madison|url= https://pacificlegal.org/agency-bureaucrats-cant-ignore-marbury-v-madison/ |date= 16 July 2021 |first=Jessica |last=Thompson |access-date= 29 September 2021 }}</ref>  
=== National Center for Education Statistics ===
[[National Center for Education Statistics]] (NCES) is the primary federal entity that collects and analyzes data related to education in the United States and other nations. Among the programs and initiatives that NCES oversees is the [[National Assessment of Educational Progress]]. James Lynn Woodworth is the Commissioner of NCES.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nces.ed.gov/blogs/nces/post/nces-welcomes-a-new-commissioner|title=NCES Blog {{!}} NCES Welcomes a New Commissioner |website=nces.ed.gov|language=en|access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref>


In August, Pacific Legal Foundation filed suit on behalf of Hanke and Yoo in the U.S. District Court for The District of Columbia against Secretary Cardona and the Department of Education. The suit acknowledged that NBES Board members can be removed by the administration, but argued that it must do so transparently and cannot withhold credentials or obstruct the Board's statutorily required duties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hanke and Yoo v. Secretary Cardona Case 1:21-cv-01913|url= https://pacificlegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Hanke-and-Yoo-v.-Secretary-Cardona-complaint.pdf |work= Pacific Legal Foundation |date= 15 July 2021 |access-date= 29 September 2021 }}</ref>
=== National Center for Special Education Research ===
[[National Center for Special Education Research]] (NCSER) sponsors and supports comprehensive research that is designed to expand the knowledge and understanding of infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities, or those who are at risk of developing disabilities. NCSER also supports training programs to prepare researchers to conduct high quality, scientific special education research. Joan E. McLaughlin is the commissioner of NCSER.


On September 3, 2021, the [[Presidency of Joe Biden|Biden administration]] acknowledged the validity of the appointments and formally terminated them, leading to a withdrawal of the suit.<ref>{{cite web |title=HANKE et al v. CARDONA et al |url= https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/41013633/HANKE_et_al_v_CARDONA_et_al |access-date= 29 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Nine months late and facing a federal lawsuit, Dept. of Education complies with law |url= https://pacificlegal.org/press-release/nine-months-late-and-facing-a-federal-lawsuit-dept-of-education-complies-with-law/ |date= 3 September 2021 |access-date=29 September 2021 }}</ref>
==National Board for Education Sciences==
The [[National Board for Education Sciences]] serves as an advisory board for IES and has 15 voting members, who are appointed by the [[President of the United States]]. The Board also includes several ex-officio, non-voting members, including the director of IES, the commissioners of the four centers, and representatives of the [[National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]], the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the [[U.S. Department of Labor]], and the [[National Science Foundation]]. The Board advises and consults with the director and the commissioners to identify research and organizational priorities for IES. On October 7, 2022, President Biden announced the intention to appointment 15 new members to the NBES.<ref>{{citation |title=President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions|website= Whitehouse.gov |date= October 27, 2022 |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/10/27/president-biden-announces-key-appointments-to-boards-and-commissions-12/ |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref> Larry Hedges, of Northwestern University, was previously the chairman of the National Board for Education Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ies.ed.gov/director/board/members.asp|title=National Board for Education Sciences, Institute of Education Sciences (IES)|website=ies.ed.gov|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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