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Army Corps of Engineers: Difference between revisions
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====Civil War==== | ====Civil War==== | ||
[[File:Ponton Bridge across the James River, Virginia 1864.jpg|[[Pontoon bridge]] across the [[James River]] in [[Virginia]] in 1864|alt=Pontoon bridge across the James River in Virginia in 1864|thumb]] | [[File:Ponton Bridge across the James River, Virginia 1864.jpg|[[Pontoon bridge]] across the [[James River]] in [[Virginia]] in 1864|alt=Pontoon bridge across the James River in Virginia in 1864|thumb]] | ||
The Army Corps of Engineers played a significant role in the | The Army Corps of Engineers played a significant role in the American Civil War. Many of the men who would serve in the top leadership in this organization were West Point graduates. Several rose to military fame and power during the Civil War. Some examples include [[Union Army|Union]] generals [[George B. McClellan|George McClellan]], [[Henry Halleck]], and [[George Meade]]; and [[Confederate Army|Confederate]] generals [[Robert E. Lee]], [[Joseph E. Johnston|Joseph Johnston]], and [[P.G.T. Beauregard]].<ref name=history/> The versatility of officers in the Army Corps of Engineers contributed to the success of numerous missions throughout the Civil War. They were responsible for building pontoon and railroad bridges, forts and batteries, destroying enemy supply lines (including railroads), and constructing roads for the movement of troops and supplies.<ref name=history/> Both sides recognized the critical work of engineers. On 6 March 1861, once the South had [[seceded]] from the Union, its legislature passed an act to create a Confederate Corps of Engineers.<ref name=shaun>First Lieutenant Shaun Martin, "Confederate Engineers in the American Civil War," ''Engineer: The Professional Bulletin for Army Engineers''. Technology Industry. U.S. Civil War Center</ref> | ||
The South was initially at a disadvantage in engineering expertise; of the initial 65 cadets who resigned from West Point to accept positions with the Confederate Army, only seven were placed in the Corps of Engineers.<ref name=shaun/> The Confederate Congress passed legislation that authorized a company of engineers for every division in the field; by 1865, the CSA had more engineer officers serving in the field of action than the Union Army.<ref name=shaun/> | The South was initially at a disadvantage in engineering expertise; of the initial 65 cadets who resigned from West Point to accept positions with the Confederate Army, only seven were placed in the Corps of Engineers.<ref name=shaun/> The Confederate Congress passed legislation that authorized a company of engineers for every division in the field; by 1865, the CSA had more engineer officers serving in the field of action than the Union Army.<ref name=shaun/> | ||
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==Notable personnel== | ==Notable personnel== | ||
*[[Charles Keller (military)|Charles Keller]], former U.S. Army Brigadier General and the oldest Army officer to serve on active duty during [[World War II]].<ref name="Kellerbio2">[https://www.usace.army.mil/About/History/Historical-Vignettes/Military-Construction-Combat/079-Oldest-Officer/ Historical Vignette 079 – The Oldest U.S. Army Officer to Serve in World War II Was an Engineer]</ref><ref name="Kellerbio4">[https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/charles-keller.htm Charles Keller – Brigadier General, United States Army]</ref> | *[[Charles Keller (military)|Charles Keller]], former U.S. Army Brigadier General and the oldest Army officer to serve on active duty during [[World War II]].<ref name="Kellerbio2">[https://www.usace.army.mil/About/History/Historical-Vignettes/Military-Construction-Combat/079-Oldest-Officer/ Historical Vignette 079 – The Oldest U.S. Army Officer to Serve in World War II Was an Engineer]</ref><ref name="Kellerbio4">[https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/charles-keller.htm Charles Keller – Brigadier General, United States Army]</ref> | ||
*[[Peter Conover Hains]], former U.S. Army Major General and the oldest Army officer to serve on active duty during [[World War I]]. The only known person to serve in both the | *[[Peter Conover Hains]], former U.S. Army Major General and the oldest Army officer to serve on active duty during [[World War I]]. The only known person to serve in both the American Civil War and the First World War.<ref>[http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/pchains.htm Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia]</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||