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NASA: Difference between revisions
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The [[Ranger Program]] was started in the 1950s as a response to Soviet lunar exploration, however most missions ended in failure. The [[Lunar Orbiter program]] had greater success, mapping the surface in preparation for Apollo landings and measured [[Selenography]], conducted meteoroid detection, and measured radiation levels. The [[Surveyor program]] conducted uncrewed lunar landings and takeoffs, as well as taking surface and regolith observations.<ref name="auto" /> Despite the setback caused by the [[Apollo 1|Apollo{{nbsp}}1]] fire, which killed three astronauts, the program proceeded. | The [[Ranger Program]] was started in the 1950s as a response to Soviet lunar exploration, however most missions ended in failure. The [[Lunar Orbiter program]] had greater success, mapping the surface in preparation for Apollo landings and measured [[Selenography]], conducted meteoroid detection, and measured radiation levels. The [[Surveyor program]] conducted uncrewed lunar landings and takeoffs, as well as taking surface and regolith observations.<ref name="auto" /> Despite the setback caused by the [[Apollo 1|Apollo{{nbsp}}1]] fire, which killed three astronauts, the program proceeded. | ||
[[Apollo 8|Apollo{{nbsp}}8]] was the first crewed [[spacecraft]] to leave [[low Earth orbit]] and the first [[human spaceflight]] to reach the [[Moon]]. The crew orbited the Moon ten times on December{{nbsp}}24 and{{nbsp}}25, 1968, and then traveled safely back to [[Earth]].<ref name="NYT-20181221">{{Cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |date=December 21, 2018 |title=Apollo 8's Earthrise: The Shot Seen Round the World – Half a century ago today, a photograph from the moon helped humans rediscover Earth. |work= | [[Apollo 8|Apollo{{nbsp}}8]] was the first crewed [[spacecraft]] to leave [[low Earth orbit]] and the first [[human spaceflight]] to reach the [[Moon]]. The crew orbited the Moon ten times on December{{nbsp}}24 and{{nbsp}}25, 1968, and then traveled safely back to [[Earth]].<ref name="NYT-20181221">{{Cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |date=December 21, 2018 |title=Apollo 8's Earthrise: The Shot Seen Round the World – Half a century ago today, a photograph from the moon helped humans rediscover Earth. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/science/earthrise-moon-apollo-nasa.html |url-access=limited |access-date=December 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/science/earthrise-moon-apollo-nasa.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20181224a">{{Cite news |last1=Boulton |first1=Matthew Myer |last2=Heithaus |first2=Joseph |date=December 24, 2018 |title=We Are All Riders on the Same Planet – Seen from space 50 years ago, Earth appeared as a gift to preserve and cherish. What happened? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/opinion/earth-space-christmas-eve-apollo-8.html |url-access=limited |access-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/opinion/earth-space-christmas-eve-apollo-8.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20181224b">{{Cite news |last=Widmer |first=Ted |date=December 24, 2018 |title=What Did Plato Think the Earth Looked Like? – For millenniums, humans have tried to imagine the world in space. Fifty years ago, we finally saw it. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/opinion/plato-earth-christmas-eve-apollo-8.html |url-access=limited |access-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/opinion/plato-earth-christmas-eve-apollo-8.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The three Apollo{{nbsp}}8 astronauts—[[Frank Borman]], [[Jim Lovell|James Lovell]], and [[William Anders]]—were the first humans to see the Earth as a globe in space, the first to witness an [[Earthrise]], and the first to see and manually photograph the far side of the Moon. | ||
The first lunar landing was conducted by Apollo{{nbsp}}11. Commanded by [[Neil Armstrong]] with astronauts [[Buzz Aldrin]] and [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]], Apollo{{nbsp}}11 was one of the most significant missions in NASA's history, marking the end of the [[Space Race]] when the [[Soviet Union]] gave up its lunar ambitions. As the first human to step on the surface of the Moon, Neil Armstrong uttered the now famous words: | The first lunar landing was conducted by Apollo{{nbsp}}11. Commanded by [[Neil Armstrong]] with astronauts [[Buzz Aldrin]] and [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]], Apollo{{nbsp}}11 was one of the most significant missions in NASA's history, marking the end of the [[Space Race]] when the [[Soviet Union]] gave up its lunar ambitions. As the first human to step on the surface of the Moon, Neil Armstrong uttered the now famous words: | ||