View source for National War College

{{Short description|School in the National Defense University}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use American English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox university
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| image = National War College emblem.gif
| image_size = 230px
| image_alt = 
| caption = Shield of the National War College
| latin_name = 
| motto = 
| motto_lang = 
| mottoeng = 
| established = {{Start date|1946|07|01}}
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} -->
| type = Federal [[staff college]]<BR>[[War college]]
| affiliation = 
| endowment = 
| budget = 
| officer_in_charge = 
| chairman = 
| chancellor = 
| president_label = 
| president = 
| vice-president = 
| superintendent = 
| provost = 
| vice_chancellor = 
| rector = 
| principal = 
| dean = 
| director = 
| head_label = 
| head = 
| academic_staff = 
| administrative_staff = 
| students = 
| undergrad = 
| postgrad = 
| doctoral = 
| other = 
| city = [[Fort Lesley J. McNair]]<br>[[Washington, D.C.]]
| state = 
| province = 
| country = [[United States]]
| coor = 
| parent = [[National Defense University]]
| campus = 
| former_names = 
| language = 
| free_label = Commandant
| free = [[Rear admiral (United States)#Rear admiral (lower half)|RDML]] [[Chase D. Patrick]], [[United States Navy|USN]]
| colors = 
| colours = 
| athletics = 
| sports = 
| nickname = 
| mascot = Warrior
| affiliations = 
| website = {{URL|https://nwc.ndu.edu/}}
| logo = 
| footnotes = {{Infobox NRHP
| name         = National War College
| embed        = yes
| nrhp_type    = nhl
| image        = National War College - Roosevelt Hall.jpg
| caption      = Roosevelt Hall at [[Fort Lesley J. McNair]], which houses the National War College
| location     = [[Washington, D.C.]]
| locmapin     = United States Washington, D.C.
| area         =
| built        = 1903–07
| architect    = [[McKim, Mead, and White]]
| architecture = [[Neo-classical architecture|Neo-Classical]]; <br />[[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]]
| added        = November 28, 1972
| refnum       = 72001535<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a|dateform=mdy}}</ref>
| designated_other1      = DCIHS
| designated_other1_abbr = DCIHS
| designated_other1_date = November 8, 1964
}}
}}
The '''National War College''' ('''NWC''') of the [[United States]] is a school in the [[National Defense University]]. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on [[Fort Lesley J. McNair]], [[Washington, D.C.]], the third-oldest Army post still active.

==History==
The National War College (NWC) was officially established on July 1, 1946, as an upgraded replacement for the Army-Navy [[Staff College]], which operated from June 1943 to July 1946. The college was one of [[James Forrestal]]'s favorite causes.<ref>Garry Wills, ''Bomb Power'' (Penguin, 2010), p. 68</ref>

According to [[Lieutenant General (United States)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Leonard T. Gerow]], President of the Board that recommended its formation:{{Blockquote|The College is concerned with grand strategy and the utilization of the national resources necessary to implement that strategy. ... Its graduates will exercise a great influence on the formulation of national and foreign policy in both peace and war. ...}}

Mid-level and senior military officers who are likely to be promoted to the senior ranks are selected to study at the War College to prepare for higher staff and command positions. About 75 percent of the student body is composed of equal representation from the land, air, and sea (including Marine and Coast Guard) services. The remaining 25 percent are drawn from the Department of State and other federal departments and agencies. In addition, international fellows from several countries join the student body. The curriculum is based upon critical analysis of strategic problem solving with an emphasis on strategic leadership. As of the 2014–2015 academic year, the curriculum was based upon a core standard throughout National Defense University.<ref>Gregg Martin and John Yaeger, "Break Out: A Plan for Better Equipping the Nations Future Strategic Leaders," ''Joint Force Quarterly'' (April 2014), pp. 39–43.</ref>

Because of the NWC's privileged location close to the White House, the Supreme Court, and Capitol Hill, it has been able throughout its history to call upon an extraordinarily well-connected array of speakers to animate its discussions. All lectures at the National War College are conducted under a strict "no quotation nor attribution" policy, which has facilitated discussion on some of the most challenging issues of the day.

==Commandants==
# Vice Admiral [[Harry W. Hill (admiral)|Harry W. Hill]] (June 1946–1949)
# Lieutenant General [[Harold R. Bull]] (1949–1952)
# Lieutenant General Harold A. Craig (1952–1955)
# Vice Admiral Edmund T. Wooldridge (1955–1958)  
# Lieutenant General [[Thomas Leonard Harrold|Thomas L. Harrold]] (1958–1961)
# Lieutenant General [[Francis H. Griswold]] (1961–1964)
# Vice Admiral [[Fitzhugh Lee III]] (1964–1967)
# Lieutenant General [[Andrew Goodpaster]] (1967–1968)
# Lieutenant General John E. Kelly (1968–1970)
# Lieutenant General John B. McPherson (1970–1973)
# Vice Admiral Marmaduke G. Bayne (1973–1975)
# Major General James S. Murphy (1975–1976)
# Major General [[Harrison Lobdell Jr.]] (1976–1978)
# Rear Admiral John C. Barrow (1978–1980)
# Major General Lee E. Surut (1980–1983)     
# Major General [[Perry M. Smith]] (1983–1986)     
# Rear Admiral John F. Addams (1986–1989)     
# Major General Gerald P. Stadler (1989–1992)     
# Major General John C. Fryer Jr. (1992–1995)
# Rear Admiral Michael McDevitt (1995–1997)
# Rear Admiral Thomas Marfiak (1997–1999)
# Rear Admiral Daniel R. Bowler (1999–2000)
# Major General Reginal G. Clemmons (2000–2003)
# Rear Admiral Richard D. Jaskot (2003–2006)
# Major General Teresa Marné Peterson (2006–2007)
# Major General Robert P. Steel (2007–2010)
# Rear Admiral [[Douglas J. McAneny]] (2011–2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.navy.mil/Leadership/Biographies/BioDisplay/Article/2361419/rear-admiral-douglas-mcaneny/ |title=Rear Admiral Douglas McAneny |publisher=United States Navy}}</ref>
# Brigadier General Guy "Tom" Cosentino (2013–2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndu.edu/Portals/59/Documents/BOV_Documents/2014/Nov/BOV%20Bio%20Book_%2017-18%20Nov%202014%20(web%20version).pdf |title=National Defense University: Board of Visitors and NDU Senior Leadership |publisher=[[National Defense University]] |date=November 2014 |page=25}}</ref>
# Brigadier General Darren E. Hartford (2015–2017)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/485647/brigadier-general-darren-e-hartford/ |title=Brigadier General Darren E. Hartford |publisher=[[United States Air Force]]}}</ref>
# Brigadier General Chad T. Manske (2017–2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/562992/brigadier-general-chad-t-manske/ |title=Brigadier General Chad T. Manske |publisher=United States Air Force}}</ref>
# Rear Admiral [[Cedric E. Pringle]] (2019–2021)
# Brigadier General Jeff H. Hurlbert (2021–2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/1662304/brigadier-general-jeffrey-h-hurlbert/ |title=Brigadier General Jeff H. Hurlbert |publisher=United States Air Force}}</ref>
# Major General [[Paul J. Rock|Paul J. Rock Jr.]] (2023–2024)
# Rear Admiral [[Chase D. Patrick]] (2024–present)

Source for commandants up to 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalwarcollege.org/commandants |title=National War College Commandants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322201255/http://www.nationalwarcollege.org/commandants |archive-date=2012-03-22 }}</ref>

==Alumni and influence==
American graduates of the National War College include a secretary of state and a secretary of defense, national security advisors, a senator and congressman, and a White House chief of staff, in addition to chairmen of the joint chiefs of staff and numerous other current and former flag officers, general officers, and U.S. ambassadors. No other graduate institution of national security policy in the world has had more impact in the development of the United States senior cadre of national security leaders. Graduates from other countries include prime ministers from nations as diverse as Iran and Bulgaria, as well as many national military leaders from every continent on earth except Antarctica. Notable graduates include:

--A--
*[[John R. Allen]], retired [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] General, president of the [[Brookings Institution]]
*[[David W. Allvin]], general and vice chief of staff of the United States Air Force
*[[Gholam Reza Azhari]], prime minister of [[Iran]]

--B--
*[[Robert H. Barrow]], 27th [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Commandant of the Marine Corps]]
*[[Edward L. Beach Jr.]], World War II submarine officer and best-selling novelist
*[[William B. Black, Jr.]], deputy director [[National Security Agency]]
*[[John Beyrle]], U.S. Ambassador to Russia
*[[Arnold W. Braswell]], retired Air Force General
*[[Bernard Brodie (military strategist)|Bernard Brodie]], one of the initial nuclear theorists
*[[William Brownfield]], U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela, Chile, and Colombia

--C--
*[[Richard D. Clarke]] U.S. army general, commander, special operations command
*[[Wesley Clark]], former NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
*[[Bernard A. Clarey]], U.S. admiral

--D--
*[[Raymond G. Davis]], 14th [[Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps]]
*[[Eugene Peyton Deatrick]], USAF general
*[[Martin Dempsey]], former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*[[R. Scott Dingle]], U.S. army general 45th surgeon general of the United States Army

--F--
*[[John D. Feeley]], U.S. ambassador

--G--
*[[Charles A. Gillespie Jr.]], U.S. ambassador to Colombia
*[[Alan L. Gropman]], military officer, author, and academic

--H--
*[[Mark P. Hertling]] USA Lieutenant General, Commander of US Army in Europe
*[[Eric T. Hill]], U.S.A.F major general

--J--
*[[James L. Jones]], 32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, 14th NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe, 21st National Security Advisor 
*[[David C. Jones]], Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

--K--
*[[John F. Kelly]], retired Marine Corps General, 28th White House chief of staff
*[[Kristie Kenney]], U.S. ambassador to [[Thailand]] and to the [[Philippines]]
*[[Donald Keyser]], State Department China expert accused of espionage 
*[[Mark Kimmitt]], assistant secretary of state for politico-military affairs, the [[State Department]]
*[[Charles C. Krulak]], 31st Commandant of the Marine Corps

--L--
*[[Bruce Laingen]], U.S. ambassador to [[Malta]], American hostage in [[Iranian Hostage Crisis]]
*[[Jeannie Leavitt]], first female U.S.A.F. fighter pilot, general
*[[Homer Litzenberg]], Marine Corps [[Lieutenant General]] 

--M--
*[[James Mattis]], Marine Corps General, 5th Commander of the United States Joint Forces Command, 11th Commander of the United States Central Command, 26th Secretary of Defense
*[[John McCain]], former U.S. Senator
*[[Robert McFarlane (American politician)|Robert McFarlane]], [[National Security Advisor]] under president [[Ronald Reagan]]
*[[Thomas McInerney]], U.S.A.F lieutenant general
*[[Merrill A. McPeak]], former U.S.A.F Chief of Staff
*[[Godfrey McHugh]], former military aide to President [[John F. Kennedy]]

--N--
*[[Lucien Nedzi]], U.S. congressman
*[[Richard Norland]] U.S. ambassador to [[Libya]]

--O--
*[[Robin Olds]], brigadier general, "triple ace" in World War II and Vietnam

--P--
*[[Peter Pace]], Marine Corps General, 6th Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 16th Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*[[Donald Parsons (businessman)|Donald Parsons]] former US Military Attaché to Canada
*[[Andika Perkasa]], commander, Indonesian National Armed Forces
*[[Paul D. Phillips]], former oldest living West Point graduate<ref>[https://alumni.westpointaog.org/firstcallfeb82023 West Point Association of Graduates]</ref><ref>[https://kdvr.com/news/problem-solvers/serving-those-who-serve/colorado-veteran-west-point-oldest-living-graduate/#:~:text=Phillips%20attended%20the%20University%20of,military%20academy's%20oldest%20living%20graduate.&text=After%20that%2C%20he%20was%20off,Philippines%20and%20World%20War%20II. At 105, Colorado veteran is West Point’s oldest living graduate]</ref><ref>[https://issuu.com/westpointaog/docs/west_point_magazine_spring_2023 West Point Magazine Spring 2023]</ref>
*[[Czesław Piątas]], chief of general staff, Polish army
*[[Colin Powell]], former U.S. Secretary of State and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*[[Edward Pietrzyk]], commander in chief, Polish land forces, two-time Polish ambassador

--R--
*[[John M. Richardson (admiral)|John M. Richardson]], admiral, 31st chief of naval operations
*[[Robert C. Richardson III]], brigadier general, principal in the [[Laconia incident]]

--S--
*[[Beth Sanner]], deputy director of national intelligence
*[[Norton A. Schwartz]], former U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff
*[[Dorothy Shea]] U.S. ambassador to [[Lebanon]]
*[[Robert Lee Scott Jr.]], USAF brigadier general and fighter ace
*[[Hugh Shelton]], former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
*[[Abraham Sinkov]], U.S. cryptanalyst and NSA official
*[[Eric Shinseki]], former U.S. Army Chief of Staff and Secretary of Veterans Affairs
*[[Jay B. Silveria]], superintendent, [[United States Air Force Academy]]
*[[James G. Stavridis]] former Supreme Allied Commander Europe, admiral, U.S. Navy
*[[J. Christopher Stevens]], the late U.S. Ambassador to [[Libya]]
*[[Stephanie S. Sullivan]], U.S. ambassador to Ghana
*[[James C. Swan]], United Nations secretary general's special representative for Somalia

--W--
*[[Mark Welsh]], USAF general
*[[Cedric T. Wins]], U.S. army general

--Y--
*[[Donald Yamamoto]], U.S. ambassador to Somalia
*[[Stefan Yanev]], prime minister of [[Bulgaria]]
*[[Marie Yovanovitch]] U.S. ambassador to [[Ukraine]]

--Z--
*[[Anthony Zinni]], Marine Corps General, 6th Commander, [[United States Central Command]]
*[[Elmo Zumwalt]], former U.S. Chief of Naval Operations
*[[James P. Zumwalt]], U.S. ambassador to Senegal

==Roosevelt Hall==
[[Roosevelt Hall (National War College)|Roosevelt Hall]] (built 1903–1907) is a [[Beaux Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]]–style building housing the NWC since its inception in 1946. Designed by the New York architectural firm [[McKim, Mead & White]], it is now designated a [[National Historic Landmark]]. It is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

<gallery widths="140px" heights="200px">
File:National War College (9294170263).jpg|Roosevelt Hall of National War College
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[USAF Air War College]]
* [[Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy]]
* [[List of National Historic Landmarks in the District of Columbia]]
* [[Marine Corps War College]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in the District of Columbia]]
* [[Naval War College]]
* [[United States Army War College]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.ndu.edu/Academics/CollegesCenters/NationalWarCollege.aspx National War College homepage]

{{National Defense University}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|38|51|48|N|77|01|01|W|display=title}}

[[Category:Military academies of the United States]]
[[Category:Military education and training in the United States]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:National Defense University]]
[[Category:War colleges]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Southwest Waterfront]]