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Division of Industrial Hygiene: Difference between revisions
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A significant program was the prevention of [[TNT]] poisoning and other diseases at government-owned, contractor-operated arsenals manufacturing TNT, [[RDX]], [[tetryl]], [[smokeless powder]], and [[Tracer ammunition|tracer]] materials, as well as practices in bomb and shell loading plants.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":14" /> The Division organized industrial hygiene teams to be present in arsenals to oversee worker health.<ref name=":14" /> This program was much more successful than its World War I predecessor, and there were only 22 reported deaths from TNT poisoning in the United States during World War II.<ref name=":7" /> | A significant program was the prevention of [[TNT]] poisoning and other diseases at government-owned, contractor-operated arsenals manufacturing TNT, [[RDX]], [[tetryl]], [[smokeless powder]], and [[Tracer ammunition|tracer]] materials, as well as practices in bomb and shell loading plants.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":14" /> The Division organized industrial hygiene teams to be present in arsenals to oversee worker health.<ref name=":14" /> This program was much more successful than its World War I predecessor, and there were only 22 reported deaths from TNT poisoning in the United States during World War II.<ref name=":7" /> | ||
The Division's laboratory research activities supported the TNT field investigations, and also included studies of other toxic gases and dusts present in factories.<ref name=":12" /> Toxicological studies were performed on [[toluene]], [[vanadium]], [[beryllium]], [[manganese]], [[Acrylonitrile|vinyl cyanide]], and [[Lead(II) azide|lead azide]].<ref name=":19" /> Other objects of study were the health effects of lighting and ventilation,<ref name=":12" /> industrial [[dermatitis]] and [[melanosis]], the effects of the agricultural insecticide [[lead arsenate]], and the analysis of statistical data on occupational disease incidences and work days lost to illness.<ref name=":4" /> Additionally, the Division operated a grant program for states to purchase industrial hygiene equipment and employ personnel. It also performed air pollution studies in | The Division's laboratory research activities supported the TNT field investigations, and also included studies of other toxic gases and dusts present in factories.<ref name=":12" /> Toxicological studies were performed on [[toluene]], [[vanadium]], [[beryllium]], [[manganese]], [[Acrylonitrile|vinyl cyanide]], and [[Lead(II) azide|lead azide]].<ref name=":19" /> Other objects of study were the health effects of lighting and ventilation,<ref name=":12" /> industrial [[dermatitis]] and [[melanosis]], the effects of the agricultural insecticide [[lead arsenate]], and the analysis of statistical data on occupational disease incidences and work days lost to illness.<ref name=":4" /> Additionally, the Division operated a grant program for states to purchase industrial hygiene equipment and employ personnel. It also performed air pollution studies in Los Angeles, determining that its [[smog]] was primarily the result of industrial pollution.<ref name=":7" /> | ||
Many of these studies required the staff to develop new analytic methods and instrumentation. These included new [[spectroscopy]] methods to detect toxic substances in air and body fluids, including a spectrometer built by [[Frederick Sumner Brackett|Frederick S. Brackett]] containing two of the largest natural quartz prisms in the world. Another innovation was a portable [[Colorimeter (chemistry)|colorimeter]] to measure [[carbon monoxide]] in the blood of truck drivers.<ref name=":4" /> In addition, studies were performed using a [[Hypobaric chamber|pressure chamber]] to simulate and research the effects of low pressure on pilots.<ref name=":12" /> | Many of these studies required the staff to develop new analytic methods and instrumentation. These included new [[spectroscopy]] methods to detect toxic substances in air and body fluids, including a spectrometer built by [[Frederick Sumner Brackett|Frederick S. Brackett]] containing two of the largest natural quartz prisms in the world. Another innovation was a portable [[Colorimeter (chemistry)|colorimeter]] to measure [[carbon monoxide]] in the blood of truck drivers.<ref name=":4" /> In addition, studies were performed using a [[Hypobaric chamber|pressure chamber]] to simulate and research the effects of low pressure on pilots.<ref name=":12" /> | ||