1934 Amendments to the Railway Labor Act 21st Century Cures Act, 2016 (originally established in 2000) 22 U.S.C. 263a 34th United States Congress, July 1, 1895 (established as part of the Department of Justice) Act of April 24, 1800 Act of Congress -January 28, 1915 Act of Congress approved on March 3, 1849 Act of Congress in 1910 Act of Congress on February 14, 1903 Act of Congress on July 5, 1865 Act of Congress on March 4, 1913 Act of July 16, 1790, establishing the Capitol Act of June 28, 1879 Act of March 2, 1849 Act of March 3, 1865 (Pardon Clerk established); Act of March 3, 1891 (Office of the Attorney in Charge of Pardons) Act of March 6, 1902 Act of May 2, 1828 Act to Establish the Department of Justice Act to Incorporate the National Library of Medicine of 1956 Act to establish the Department of Justice of 1870 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 Administrative Conference Act of 1964 Administrative Office of the United States Courts Act of 1939 Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 An Act of Congress on March 16, 1802 An Act to Authorize the Establishment of a Geological Survey, March 3, 1879 An act of Congress on March 4, 1923 Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 Article I of the U.S. Constitution Assigned responsibilities under various federal statutes; no specific founding legislation Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended in 1988 Authorized by an Act of Congress in 1967 Authorized by funding from the U.S. Congress Authorized under the Secretary of Defense by 10 U.S.C. § 2674 Authorized under the reorganization of USDA; no specific legislation noted Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act) Banking Act of 1935 Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978; Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984 Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 Bureau of Labor Act of 1884 Capitol Visitor Center Act of 1998 Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 Chief Human Capital Officers Act of 2002 Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA) Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act) Classified executive order by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1960; officially acknowledged by law in 1992 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 Coinage Act of 1792 Commemorative Works Act of 1986 Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996 Communications Act of 1934 Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 Comprehensive Services and Disability Amendments Act of 1978 Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012 Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972; Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Constitution Heritage Act of 1988 Constitution of the United States (Article I, Section 3) Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 Continental Congress Resolution on November 10, 1775 Continental Congress resolution on October 13, 1775; formally established by the Naval Act of 1794 Copyright Act of 1870 Created by internal reorganization in 1983 Created through executive action and later formalized under the [[USA PATRIOT Act]] Customs Courts Act of 1980 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018 Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act of 1990 Defense Management Review Decision 916; DoD Directive 5105.64 Delaware River Basin Compact (Public Law 87-328) Delta Regional Authority Act of 2000 Denali Commission Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-277) Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1862 Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985 Department of Defense Directive 5105.15 Department of Defense Directive 5105.19 Department of Defense Directive 5105.21 Department of Defense Directive 5105.22 Department of Defense Directive 5105.36 Department of Defense Directive 5105.55 Department of Defense Directive 5105.62 Department of Defense Directive 5105.65 Department of Defense Directive 5105.74 Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1958 Department of Education Organization Act of 1979 Department of Energy Organization Act Department of Energy Organization Act (1977) Department of Housing and Urban Development Act Department of Justice Appropriation Bill for 1908 (established as the Bureau of Investigation) Department of State reorganization in 2012 Department of Transportation Act Department of Transportation Act of 1966 Department of Veterans Affairs Act Department of Veterans Affairs Act (1988) Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970 Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) Employment Act of 1946 Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 Established as a separate agency by the Homeland Security Act of 2002, previously part of the Treasury Department Established as part of USDA's organizational structure to handle legal matters, no specific founding legislation but operates under USDA's general authority. Established by the Department of Commerce Established by the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) Established by the Office of Management and Budget Established by the SEC Established by the Secretary of Defense in 1991 under authority of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial Officer Established by the U.S. Department of Transportation in 1970 Established in 1963 as part of broader military reorganization Established through executive action under President Theodore Roosevelt; formalized by the [[Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914]] Established through the reorganization of USDA in 1994; no specific act linked Established to support the Secretary of Agriculture, no specific founding legislation but operates under USDA's general authority. Established under the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990, which mandates the appointment of CFOs in federal agencies to improve government financial management. Established under the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994, specifically under Section 226B, and further defined by the 2008 Farm Bill. Established under the Unified Command Plan in 1952 Established under the authority of the Attorney General; no specific legislation cited for creation but operates under the [[Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984]] Established under the authority of various statutes, notably the Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1938 and the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946. Established under the broader authority of USDA to manage IT, with mandates from various federal IT management laws like the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. Established under the reorganization of the USDA; no specific legislation noted Established under various farm bills, notably the 1990 Farm Bill Established with the Department under the [[Homeland Security Act of 2002]] Established within USDA to handle budget and program analysis, no specific founding legislation but operates under USDA's general authority. Ethics in Government Act of 1978 Executive Order 10001 (1947) Executive Order 11458 by President Richard Nixon in 1969 Executive Order 11858 in 1975 Executive Order 12127 by President Jimmy Carter (1979) Executive Order 6581 (1934) by President Franklin D. Roosevelt; later codified by the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945. Executive Order by President Lyndon B. Johnson Executive Order by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 Executive Order by President Richard Nixon in 1971 Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Farm Credit Act of 1971 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 Federal Aviation Act of 1958 Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982 Federal Credit Union Act of 1970 Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA), as amended by the 1974 amendment Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 Federal Financing Bank Act of 1973 Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906; Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957 Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 (Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act - MAP-21) Federal Register Act of 1935 Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1921 Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978 (FIRA) Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956; Endangered Species Act of 1973 Food Stamp Act of 1964; Child Nutrition Act of 1966 Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (2008 Farm Bill) Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (The Farm Bill) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 Founded by the International Criminal Police Congress in 1923 General Order No. 63 in 1954 (as Manpower Administration), renamed by Secretarial Order 14-75 in 1975 Hawaiian Islands National Marine Sanctuary Act of 1992 Health Research Extension Act of 1985 Health Services and Centers Amendments of 1978 Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999 Help America Vote Act of 2002 Higher Education Act of 1965 Highway Safety Act of 1970 Housing Act of 1937; Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (NAHASDA) Housing Act of 1949; Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Information Technology Management Reform Act (Clinger-Cohen Act) of 1996 Inspector General Act of 1978 Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 Institutionalized within USDA to enhance economic analysis, no specific founding legislation but operates under USDA's authority. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, amended by the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 International Broadcasting Act of 1994 International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 Japan-United States Friendship Act of 1975 Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992 John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development Act of 1988 Joint Resolution 25 of June 23, 1860 Juniper Act of 1775 Justice Assistance Act of 1984 Justice System Improvement Act of 1979 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act) Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974 Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 Managed through a cooperative agreement Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 Memorandum of Understanding (1994) Memorandum of Understanding among the Department of the Treasury, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Government Accountability Office (1990) Merchant Marine Act of 1936 Merger of Strategic Air Command and other military units in 1992 Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 1929 Military Peace Establishment Act of 1802 Militia Act of 1903 (Dick Act) Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000 Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy Act Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act of 1999 Multidistrict Litigation Act of 1968 Museum and Library Services Act of 1996 N/A (Established by DFAS) N/A (Established by DOE) N/A (Established by HHS) N/A (Established by USDA's NAL) N/A (Established by the Department of Defense) N/A (Established by the Department of Energy) N/A (Established by the National Arboretum and National Bonsai Foundation) N/A (Established by the President through the U.S. Information Agency) N/A (Established within the Department of State) N/A (Part of NAL's initiatives) N/A (Part of USDA's ARS) Named by legislation in 1978; originally established in 1946 National Aeronautics and Space Act, July 29, 1958 National Agricultural Library National Arboretum Act of 1927 National Archives Establishment Act of 1934 National Arthritis Act of 1974 National Bureau of Standards (1901), renamed to NIST in 1988 National Cancer Institute Act of 1937 National Capital Planning Act of 1952 National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997 National Cemeteries Act of 1973 National Consumer Cooperative Bank Act National Cultural Center Act of 1958 National Currency Act of 1863 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (re-designated from National Imagery and Mapping Agency) National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) National Eye Institute Act of 1968 National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 National Heart Act of 1948; expanded to include lung and blood in 1969 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 National Housing Act of 1934 National Housing Act of 1934 (as part of the New Deal) National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) established by President Harry S. Truman in 1948; renamed NIDCR in 1998 National Labor Relations Act of 1935 National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972 National Marine Sanctuaries Act, reauthorization signed by President George H.W. Bush in 1992 National Microbiological Institute established in 1948; renamed to NIAID in 1955 National Missile Defense Act of 1999 National Park Service Organic Act of 1916 National School Lunch Act and Child Nutrition Act National Science Foundation Act of 1950 National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 National Security Council directive by President Harry S. Truman in 1952 National Technical Information Act of 1988 National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993 Native American Programs Act of 1974 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 No specific legislation; established by Army Directive 2018-15 in August 2018. No specific legislation; established under the Army Futures Command initiative in 2018. No specific legislation; established under the authority of the Attorney General as part of the DOJ's administrative structure. No specific legislation; formed from existing GSA offices in 2016 to streamline digital services across government. No specific legislation; launched by GSA in March 2014 with the aim to improve government digital services. No specific legislation; part of FBI's broader authority under the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] None specified; established as part of USDA's organizational structure in 1994 None specified; established by executive order None specified; established by the Postmaster General's order None specified; part of the Department of Education's organizational structure Norman Y. Mineta Research and Special Programs Improvement Act of 2004 Not applicable (Established by DoD directive) Not specifically legislated but operates under general tax collection laws Not specifically tied to one piece of legislation but operates under the [[Merchant Marine Act of 1936]] and subsequent maritime laws Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1987 OMB Circular A-16; officially codified by the Geospatial Data Act of 2018 Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 Order by Secretary of Defense Robert Gates in 2009 Organic Act of 1862 Organic Act of 1890 Organic Act of 1890 (U.S. Weather Bureau); reorganized into NOAA in 1970 Organic Administration Act of 1897; Transfer Act of 1905 Originally part of the Survey of the Coast established by an act of Congress in 1807, became NGS under NOAA in 1970 with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Organic Act Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (as amended in 1995) Parole Commission and Reorganization Act of 1976 Part of the Department of Education Organization Act (1979) Part of the Department of Labor's FY 2001 appropriation Part of the FDA's organizational structure Part of the original 1867 legislation creating the Department of Education; officially named NCES in 1974 by [[Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1974]] Peace Corps Act of 1961 Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 Postal Reorganization Act of 1970; Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 Presidential Executive Order 12323, 1981 Presidential Memorandum on ADR (1998) Presidio Trust Act of 1996 Public Health Service Act Public Health Service Act Amendments of 1986 Public Law 100-553, 1988 (National Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Act) Public Law 105-277 (Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999) Public Law 106-113, 1999 (part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act) Public Law 106-481 Public Law 66–259 (1920) Public Law 77-526 Public Law 81-692 (1950) Public Law 86-610, 1960 Public Law 89-239, 1965 (Older Americans Act) Public Law 90-209 Public Law 90-219 Public Law 91-358, The District of Columbia Court Reform and Criminal Procedure Act of 1970 Public Law 92-255, Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 Public Law 92-463 Public Law 93-415 Public Law 94-502, Veterans' Employment Program (1976) Public Law 99-158, Health Research Extension Act of 1985 Public Law No. 117-103 Public Law No. 94-304 Public Resolution No. 14 (March 24, 1937) Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act of 1983; Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act of 1990 Railroad Retirement Act of 1934; Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 Reclamation Act of 1902 Reestablished in 2019 by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 Refugee Act of 1980 Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1954; transferred to DOJ by Public Law 96-209 Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977; National Telecommunications and Information Administration Organization Act of 1992 Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1953 Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973 Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 Reorganization Plan No. 7 of 1961 Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992 Revenue Act of 1862 Revenue Act of 1916 Rural Electrification Act of 1936; Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 Secretarial Order No. 3299 by Secretary Ken Salazar in 2010 Secretarial Order No. 3299 by the Department of the Interior in 2010 Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, of April 3, 1961 Secretary of Agriculture's Reorganization Plan No. 2 (1953) Secretary's Memorandum 1020-24, April 17, 1986 Secretary's Memorandum No. 1769 (1972) Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 Services Acquisition Reform Act (SARA) of 2003 Snyder Act of 1921; Indian Health Care Improvement Act Social Security Act (Title IV-D) Social Security Act, Title IV-D Social Security Amendments of 1965 Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1935 St. Lawrence Seaway Act of 1954 State Justice Institute Act of 1984 Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Taylor Grazing Act of 1934; Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1946 Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility Act of 2019 The Office of Communications has evolved from the Department's need for public information coordination and has no specific founding legislation but operates under USDA's general authority. The Office was significantly influenced by Executive Order 13175 from 2000, emphasizing consultation and coordination with Indian Tribal Governments. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 The Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, Section 6 The Revenue Act of 1924; The Tax Court Reform Act of 1998 The Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968 Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title XII - Reserve Forces Revitalization - Public Law 104-201 Trade Expansion Act of 1962 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) Treasury Order 136-01 (effective October 7, 2012) Treasury Order 217 (July 1970) Tucker Act of 1887 Uniform Code of Military Justice (Article 67(a)) Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Act of 1972 United Nations Participation Act of 1945 United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 Veterans' Administration Act of 1930; Department of Veterans Affairs Act of 1988 Veterans' Judicial Review Act of 1988 Violence Against Women Act of 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 Voice of America Charter (1976) Wagner-O'Day Act (1938), amended by the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act (1971) William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 [[Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002]] [[Farm Bill of 1990]] (P.L. 101-624); authority repealed in [[Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002]] (P.L. 107-171) [[Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986]] [[Homeland Security Act of 2002]] [[Wikipedia:Federal Meat Inspection Act|Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906]], [[Wikipedia:Poultry Products Inspection Act|Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957]], [[Wikipedia:Egg Products Inspection Act|Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970]] [https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-air-act Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990] [https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/federal_reserve_act Federal Reserve Act of 1913] [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-48/pdf/STATUTE-48-Pg110.pdf Executive Order 6581 by Franklin D. Roosevelt] [https://www.justice.gov/jmd/foia/foia-library/bureau-of-prisons-federal-prison-industries/download Federal Prison Industries Act of 1934] [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/2nd-congress/session-1/c2s1ch16.pdf Coinage Act of 1792] [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/37th-congress/session-3/c37s3ch58.pdf National Currency Act of 1863]
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Independent Agency within the U.S. Federal Government 
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