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Federal Bureau of Investigation: Difference between revisions
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==== Civil rights movement ==== | ==== Civil rights movement ==== | ||
During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed either had communist ties or were unduly influenced by communists or "[[fellow traveler]]s". In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. [[T. R. M. Howard]], a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of [[George W. Lee]], [[Emmett Till]], and other blacks in the South.<ref>David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, ''Black Maverick: T.R.M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power'' (Urbana: [[University of Illinois Press]], 2009), 148, 154–59.</ref> The FBI carried out controversial [[surveillance|domestic surveillance]] in an operation it called the [[COINTELPRO]], from "COunter-INTELligence PROgram".<ref name="coinpro">{{cite web |url=http://www.monitor.net/monitor/9905a/jbcointelpro.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118104808/http://www.monitor.net/monitor/9905a/jbcointelpro.html |archive-date=January 18, 2000 |title=A Short History of FBI COINTELPRO |publisher=Monitor.net |access-date=June 6, 2006 |last=Cassidy |first=Mike M. |date=May 26, 1999}}</ref> It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]], a leading civil rights organization whose clergy leadership included the Rev. Dr. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]].<ref name="latimes">{{cite news |url=http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0308-27.htm |title=A Break-In to End All Break-Ins |newspaper= | During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed either had communist ties or were unduly influenced by communists or "[[fellow traveler]]s". In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. [[T. R. M. Howard]], a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of [[George W. Lee]], [[Emmett Till]], and other blacks in the South.<ref>David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, ''Black Maverick: T.R.M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power'' (Urbana: [[University of Illinois Press]], 2009), 148, 154–59.</ref> The FBI carried out controversial [[surveillance|domestic surveillance]] in an operation it called the [[COINTELPRO]], from "COunter-INTELligence PROgram".<ref name="coinpro">{{cite web |url=http://www.monitor.net/monitor/9905a/jbcointelpro.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118104808/http://www.monitor.net/monitor/9905a/jbcointelpro.html |archive-date=January 18, 2000 |title=A Short History of FBI COINTELPRO |publisher=Monitor.net |access-date=June 6, 2006 |last=Cassidy |first=Mike M. |date=May 26, 1999}}</ref> It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]], a leading civil rights organization whose clergy leadership included the Rev. Dr. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]].<ref name="latimes">{{cite news |url=http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0308-27.htm |title=A Break-In to End All Break-Ins |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=June 6, 2006 |last=Jalon |first=Allan M. |date=April 8, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620040020/http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0308-27.htm |archive-date=June 20, 2006}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|The "[[FBI–King suicide letter|suicide letter]]",<ref name="suicide letter">{{cite news |last=Gage |first=Beverly |date=November 11, 2014 |title=What an Uncensored Letter to M.L.K. Reveals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/magazine/what-an-uncensored-letter-to-mlk-reveals.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 9, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107190622/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/magazine/what-an-uncensored-letter-to-mlk-reveals.html |archive-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref> mailed anonymously to King by the FBI ]] | [[File:Mlk-uncovered-letter.png|thumb|The "[[FBI–King suicide letter|suicide letter]]",<ref name="suicide letter">{{cite news |last=Gage |first=Beverly |date=November 11, 2014 |title=What an Uncensored Letter to M.L.K. Reveals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/magazine/what-an-uncensored-letter-to-mlk-reveals.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 9, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107190622/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/magazine/what-an-uncensored-letter-to-mlk-reveals.html |archive-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref> mailed anonymously to King by the FBI ]] | ||
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*[[Ruby Ridge]] (1992) was a shootout between the FBI and [[Randy Weaver]] over his [[failure to appear]] for weapons charges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/randy-weaver-ruby-ridge-impact-1.6448991 |title=Randy Weaver, key figure behind bloody Ruby Ridge standoff near Canada-U.S. border, dies |website=CBC |access-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705100533/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/randy-weaver-ruby-ridge-impact-1.6448991 |url-status=live }}</ref> | *[[Ruby Ridge]] (1992) was a shootout between the FBI and [[Randy Weaver]] over his [[failure to appear]] for weapons charges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/randy-weaver-ruby-ridge-impact-1.6448991 |title=Randy Weaver, key figure behind bloody Ruby Ridge standoff near Canada-U.S. border, dies |website=CBC |access-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705100533/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/randy-weaver-ruby-ridge-impact-1.6448991 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
*[[Waco siege]] (1993) was a failed raid by the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|ATF]] that resulted in the death of 4 ATF agents and 6 [[Branch Davidians]]. The FBI and US military got involved with the 51 day siege that followed. The building ended up burning down killing 76 including 26 children. This is what motivated [[Timothy McVeigh]] (along with [[Ruby Ridge]]) to carry out the [[Oklahoma City bombing]] (1995).<ref>{{cite web |title=Waco Siege |date=August 21, 2018 |url=https://www.history.com/topics/1990s/waco-siege |access-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923144327/https://www.history.com/topics/1990s/waco-siege |url-status=live }}</ref> | *[[Waco siege]] (1993) was a failed raid by the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|ATF]] that resulted in the death of 4 ATF agents and 6 [[Branch Davidians]]. The FBI and US military got involved with the 51 day siege that followed. The building ended up burning down killing 76 including 26 children. This is what motivated [[Timothy McVeigh]] (along with [[Ruby Ridge]]) to carry out the [[Oklahoma City bombing]] (1995).<ref>{{cite web |title=Waco Siege |date=August 21, 2018 |url=https://www.history.com/topics/1990s/waco-siege |access-date=August 11, 2022 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923144327/https://www.history.com/topics/1990s/waco-siege |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
*[[Associated Press#FBI_impersonation_case|Associated Press (AP) impersonation case]] – A Bureau agent, masquerading as an AP [[journalist]], placed [[Spyware|surveillance software]] in the [[personal computer]] of a minor. This resulted in a series of conflicts between the news agency and the FBI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 24, 2017 |title=Associated Press sues after FBI impersonates journalist in sting operation |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-associated-press-lawsuit-20150827-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101449/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-associated-press-lawsuit-20150827-story.html |archive-date=December 24, 2017 |access-date=July 20, 2021 |work= | *[[Associated Press#FBI_impersonation_case|Associated Press (AP) impersonation case]] – A Bureau agent, masquerading as an AP [[journalist]], placed [[Spyware|surveillance software]] in the [[personal computer]] of a minor. This resulted in a series of conflicts between the news agency and the FBI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 24, 2017 |title=Associated Press sues after FBI impersonates journalist in sting operation |url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-associated-press-lawsuit-20150827-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101449/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-associated-press-lawsuit-20150827-story.html |archive-date=December 24, 2017 |access-date=July 20, 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 24, 2017 |title=AP demands FBI never again impersonate journalist |url=https://apnews.com/920b9db9559442a18dcd05037e3093c4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224101310/https://apnews.com/920b9db9559442a18dcd05037e3093c4 |archive-date=December 24, 2017 |access-date=July 20, 2021 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> | ||
*[[Stoneman Douglas High School shooting]] – A statement from the FBI confirmed that it had failed to act on a tip warning of the possibility of the shooting over a month prior to its occurrence, which may have prevented the tragedy outright.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2018 |title=FBI Statement on the Shooting in Parkland, Florida — FBI |url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-statement-on-the-shooting-in-parkland-florida |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217004949/https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-statement-on-the-shooting-in-parkland-florida |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |access-date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> | *[[Stoneman Douglas High School shooting]] – A statement from the FBI confirmed that it had failed to act on a tip warning of the possibility of the shooting over a month prior to its occurrence, which may have prevented the tragedy outright.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2018 |title=FBI Statement on the Shooting in Parkland, Florida — FBI |url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-statement-on-the-shooting-in-parkland-florida |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217004949/https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-statement-on-the-shooting-in-parkland-florida |archive-date=February 17, 2018 |access-date=July 20, 2021}}</ref> | ||
*[[1993 World Trade Center bombing]] - [[Emad Salem]], an FBI informant and a key witness in the trial of [[Ramzi Yousef]], [[Abdul Hakim Murad (militant)|Abdul Hakim Murad]], and [[Wali Khan Amin Shah]], stated that the bomb itself was built under supervision from the FBI.<ref name="tampabay.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1993/12/15/informant-says-he-built-world-trade-center-bomb/ | title=Informant says he built World Trade Center bomb }}</ref> | *[[1993 World Trade Center bombing]] - [[Emad Salem]], an FBI informant and a key witness in the trial of [[Ramzi Yousef]], [[Abdul Hakim Murad (militant)|Abdul Hakim Murad]], and [[Wali Khan Amin Shah]], stated that the bomb itself was built under supervision from the FBI.<ref name="tampabay.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1993/12/15/informant-says-he-built-world-trade-center-bomb/ | title=Informant says he built World Trade Center bomb }}</ref> | ||