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Executive Residence: Difference between revisions
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===Library and ancillary spaces=== | ===Library and ancillary spaces=== | ||
{{Main|White House Library}} | {{Main|White House Library}} | ||
The storeroom in the northeast corner of the ground floor remained in use as storage space only until 1809, when it became a laundry.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=152}} In 1902, President | The storeroom in the northeast corner of the ground floor remained in use as storage space only until 1809, when it became a laundry.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=152}} In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt hired the architectural firm of [[McKim, Mead & White]] to renovate the White House. They turned the room into a "gentleman's anteroom".{{sfn|Harris|2002|pages=80–81}} This room became the [[White House Library]] in 1935.{{sfn|Thacker-Estrada|2004|page=68}} First Lady [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline Kennedy]] radically transformed the room in 1961.{{sfn|Thacker-Estrada|2004|page=68}} Kennedy consulted initially with a group consisting of members of the [[United States Commission of Fine Arts]], designers from the [[American Society of Interior Designers|American Institute of Interior Designers]] (AIID), and historians. The AIID agreed to take on the job of refurbishing the room,{{sfn|Harris|2002|page=80}} and Kennedy worked with decorator Jeanette Becker Lenygon of the AIID on the project. Lenygon designed an early American library room in the [[Federal architecture|Federal style]].{{sfn|Thacker-Estrada|2004|page=68}} Except for minor decorative changes, the White House Library remains the same as of 2010.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=178}} | ||
The toilet and laundry room west of the kitchen became general-use work areas by 1809,{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=152}} and a pantry, small kitchen, and cook's office by 1825.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=161}} By 1946, these had become general workrooms, with a narrow, winding staircase inserted into the room closest to the former kitchen.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=174}} The 1952 renovation turned the winding staircase into a steep, straight stairs and added an elevator in this space.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=174}} As of 2010, a pantry-sized refrigerator also occupied a portion of this space.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=178}} | The toilet and laundry room west of the kitchen became general-use work areas by 1809,{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=152}} and a pantry, small kitchen, and cook's office by 1825.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=161}} By 1946, these had become general workrooms, with a narrow, winding staircase inserted into the room closest to the former kitchen.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=174}} The 1952 renovation turned the winding staircase into a steep, straight stairs and added an elevator in this space.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=174}} As of 2010, a pantry-sized refrigerator also occupied a portion of this space.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=178}} | ||
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===China Room and Vermeil Room=== | ===China Room and Vermeil Room=== | ||
{{Main|China Room|Vermeil Room}} | {{Main|China Room|Vermeil Room}} | ||
East of the original Servants' Hall was the Housekeeper's Office, and then a room for general work. The Housekeeper's Office was turned into general workspace in 1809, while the bedroom became a general-use servants' room.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=152}} All rooms east of the oval Servant's Hall were turned into staff bedrooms by 1825 (with the Housekeeper's Office taking up a portion of the Steward's Office).{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=161}} In 1837, President | East of the original Servants' Hall was the Housekeeper's Office, and then a room for general work. The Housekeeper's Office was turned into general workspace in 1809, while the bedroom became a general-use servants' room.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=152}} All rooms east of the oval Servant's Hall were turned into staff bedrooms by 1825 (with the Housekeeper's Office taking up a portion of the Steward's Office).{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=161}} In 1837, President Martin Van Burenmade the bedroom that would become the China Room into quarters for a stoker, whose job was to keep the White House furnace fueled 24 hours a day, seven days a week (with summers off).{{sfn|Seale|1992|page=84}} First Lady [[Edith Wilson]] turned this room into the China Room in 1917 to display the Executive Residence's growing collection of [[White House china]].{{sfn|Whitcomb|Whitcomb|2002|page=365}} Just east of the China Room, the 1902 renovation turned the staff bedroom into a sitting room known as the Social Room.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=138}}{{sfn|Buckland|Culbert-Aguilar|1994|page=32}} It was briefly renamed the Billiard Room after the 1952 restoration,{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=174}} but became the Vermeil Room in 1957 after mining heiress Margaret Thompson Biddle bequeathed 1,575 pieces of [[vermeil]] silverware to the White House.{{sfn|Harris|2002|page=80}}{{sfn|Buckland|Culbert-Aguilar|1994|page=32}} It remained little changed as of 2010.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=178}} | ||
===North Lawn extension=== | ===North Lawn extension=== | ||
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The space became known as the Treaty Room after President John F. Kennedy signed the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]] in the room in 1963. It's been used for important treaty signings ever since. President Richard Nixon signed the [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]] in the room in 1972, and President Jimmy Carter signed the [[Camp David Accords]] in the room in 1978.{{sfn|Kalb|2013|page=1337}} | The space became known as the Treaty Room after President John F. Kennedy signed the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]] in the room in 1963. It's been used for important treaty signings ever since. President Richard Nixon signed the [[Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]] in the room in 1972, and President Jimmy Carter signed the [[Camp David Accords]] in the room in 1978.{{sfn|Kalb|2013|page=1337}} | ||
The room has undergone some changes in the past 25 years. First Lady [[Barbara Bush]] converted it into a private sitting room for the president. President | The room has undergone some changes in the past 25 years. First Lady [[Barbara Bush]] converted it into a private sitting room for the president. President George W. Bush had the room's historic paneling and its vibrant red, gold, and blue fabrics removed to alter it more to his own personal taste. President [[Barack Obama]] had the room redecorated in shades of [[beige]],{{sfn|Kalb|2013|page=1337}} and continued its use as a private presidential study.{{sfn|Phillips-Schrock|2013|page=180}} | ||
A half-bathroom in the northwest corner of the Treaty Room remains as of 2015 almost untouched since its creation in 1952. It has green and white floor tile in a checkerboard pattern, and the plumbing pipes are exposed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/upshot/harry-trumans-home-improvement.html|last=Beschloss|first=Michael|title=Harry Truman's Extreme Home Makeover|work=The New York Times|date=May 9, 2015|access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref> | A half-bathroom in the northwest corner of the Treaty Room remains as of 2015 almost untouched since its creation in 1952. It has green and white floor tile in a checkerboard pattern, and the plumbing pipes are exposed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/10/upshot/harry-trumans-home-improvement.html|last=Beschloss|first=Michael|title=Harry Truman's Extreme Home Makeover|work=The New York Times|date=May 9, 2015|access-date=May 10, 2015}}</ref> | ||