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Southern Command: Difference between revisions
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In December 1946, President [[Harry S. Truman]] approved recommendations of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] for a comprehensive system of military commands to put responsibility for conducting military operations of all military forces in various geographical areas, in the hands of a single commander. Although the [[Caribbean Command]] was designated by the Defense Department on 1 November 1947, it did not become fully operational until 10 March 1948, when the old Caribbean Defense Command was inactivated.<ref name=":0" /> | In December 1946, President [[Harry S. Truman]] approved recommendations of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] for a comprehensive system of military commands to put responsibility for conducting military operations of all military forces in various geographical areas, in the hands of a single commander. Although the [[Caribbean Command]] was designated by the Defense Department on 1 November 1947, it did not become fully operational until 10 March 1948, when the old Caribbean Defense Command was inactivated.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
On 6 June 1963, reflecting the fact that the command had a responsibility for U.S. military operations primarily in Central and South America, rather than in the Caribbean, President [[John F. Kennedy]] and Secretary of Defense [[Robert McNamara]] formally redesignated it as the United States Southern Command.<ref name=":0" /> The command's mission began to shift with the expansion of the [[Cold War]] to Latin America. Kennedy and his successor | On 6 June 1963, reflecting the fact that the command had a responsibility for U.S. military operations primarily in Central and South America, rather than in the Caribbean, President [[John F. Kennedy]] and Secretary of Defense [[Robert McNamara]] formally redesignated it as the United States Southern Command.<ref name=":0" /> The command's mission began to shift with the expansion of the [[Cold War]] to Latin America. Kennedy and his successor Lyndon B. Johnson expanded the division in the aftermath of the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] and reoriented it towards [[irregular warfare]] against the establishment of another [[Communist state]] in the Western Hemisphere.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Collins|first=N.W.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1255527666|title=Grey wars : a contemporary history of U.S. special operations|date=2021|isbn=978-0-300-25834-9|location=New Haven|oclc=1255527666}}</ref> From 1975 until late 1994 total military strength in Panama remained at about 10,000 personnel.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
In January 1996 and June 1997, two phases of changes to the Department of Defense [[Unified Command Plan]] (UCP) were completed. Each phase of the UCP change added territory to SOUTHCOM's [[area of responsibility]]. The impact of the changes is significant. The new AOR includes the Caribbean, its 13 island nations and several U.S. and European territories, the Gulf of Mexico, as well as significant portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The 1999 update to the UCP also transferred responsibility of an additional portion of the Atlantic Ocean to SOUTHCOM. On 1 October 2000, Southern Command assumed responsibility of the adjacent waters in the upper quadrant above [[Brazil]], which was presently under the responsibility of [[U.S. Joint Forces Command]].<ref name=":0" /> | In January 1996 and June 1997, two phases of changes to the Department of Defense [[Unified Command Plan]] (UCP) were completed. Each phase of the UCP change added territory to SOUTHCOM's [[area of responsibility]]. The impact of the changes is significant. The new AOR includes the Caribbean, its 13 island nations and several U.S. and European territories, the Gulf of Mexico, as well as significant portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The 1999 update to the UCP also transferred responsibility of an additional portion of the Atlantic Ocean to SOUTHCOM. On 1 October 2000, Southern Command assumed responsibility of the adjacent waters in the upper quadrant above [[Brazil]], which was presently under the responsibility of [[U.S. Joint Forces Command]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||