Goldwater–Nichols Act: Difference between revisions

Goldwater–Nichols Act (view source)

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 ==History==
-The Goldwater–Nichols Act was an attempt to fix problems caused by [[inter-service rivalry]], which had emerged during the [[Vietnam War]], contributed to the catastrophic failure of the [[Operation Eagle Claw|Iranian hostage rescue mission]] in 1980, and which were still evident in the [[invasion of Grenada]] in 1983.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cole|first1=Ronald H.|title=Grenada, Panama, and Haiti: Joint Operational Reform|journal=Joint Force Quarterly|date=1999|issue=20 (Autumn/Winter 1998-99)|pages=57–74|url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a422959.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327180117/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a422959.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=March 27, 2020|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter12.htm |chapter=Chapter 12: Rebuilding the Army Vietnam to Desert Storm |title=American Military History, Volume II |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/index.htm#cont |editor=Richard W. Stewart |year=2005 |access-date=2008-12-01 |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095626/http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/index.htm#cont |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+The Goldwater–Nichols Act was an attempt to fix problems caused by [[inter-service rivalry]], which had emerged during the Vietnam War, contributed to the catastrophic failure of the [[Operation Eagle Claw|Iranian hostage rescue mission]] in 1980, and which were still evident in the [[invasion of Grenada]] in 1983.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cole|first1=Ronald H.|title=Grenada, Panama, and Haiti: Joint Operational Reform|journal=Joint Force Quarterly|date=1999|issue=20 (Autumn/Winter 1998-99)|pages=57–74|url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a422959.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327180117/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a422959.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=March 27, 2020|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/chapter12.htm |chapter=Chapter 12: Rebuilding the Army Vietnam to Desert Storm |title=American Military History, Volume II |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/index.htm#cont |editor=Richard W. Stewart |year=2005 |access-date=2008-12-01 |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095626/http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH-V2/AMH%20V2/index.htm#cont |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 Such problems existed as well in World War II, during which two independent lines of command flowed from the president, one through the [[secretary of the Navy]] to naval forces, and the other through the [[United States Secretary of War|secretary of war]] to land and air forces. In 1947, the military restructuring placed all military forces, including the newly independent [[United States Air Force|Air Force]], under a single civilian [[United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]].