Portal:Department of Justice/Section 1: Difference between revisions
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===Divisions=== | ===Divisions=== | ||
[[United States Department of Justice Civil Division|Civil Division]]{{efn|The Civil Division was originally called the Claims Division; it adopted its current name on February 13, 1953.<ref name="Sink">[[Gregory Sisk]] & Michael F. Noone, ''Litigation with the Federal Government'' (4th ed.) (American Law Institute, 2006), pp. 10–11.</ref><ref>[https://www.justice.gov/civil/former-assistant-attorneys-general Former Assistant Attorneys General: Civil Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131212909/https://www.justice.gov/civil/former-assistant-attorneys-general |date=January 31, 2020 }}, U.S. Department of Justice.</ref>}} | * [[United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division|Antitrust Division]] | ||
* [[United States Department of Justice Civil Division|Civil Division]]{{efn|The Civil Division was originally called the Claims Division; it adopted its current name on February 13, 1953.<ref name="Sink">[[Gregory Sisk]] & Michael F. Noone, ''Litigation with the Federal Government'' (4th ed.) (American Law Institute, 2006), pp. 10–11.</ref><ref>[https://www.justice.gov/civil/former-assistant-attorneys-general Former Assistant Attorneys General: Civil Division] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131212909/https://www.justice.gov/civil/former-assistant-attorneys-general |date=January 31, 2020 }}, U.S. Department of Justice.</ref>}} | |||
[[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Civil Rights Division]] | [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Civil Rights Division]] | ||
* [[United States Department of Justice Criminal Division|Criminal Division]] | |||
[[United States Department of Justice Criminal Division|Criminal Division]] | * [[United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division|Environment and Natural Resources Division]] (ENRD){{efn|The ENRD was originally called the Land and Natural Resources Division; it adopted its current name in 1990.<ref name="Reitze">Arnold W. Reitze, ''Air Pollution Control Law: Compliance and Enforcement'' ([[Environmental Law Institute]], 2001), p. 571.</ref>}} | ||
* [[United States Department of Justice Justice Management Division|Justice Management Division]] (JMD){{efn|The JMD was originally called the Administrative Division; it adopted its current name in 1985.<ref name="Clayton">Cornell W. Clayton, ''The Politics of Justice: The Attorney General and the Making of Legal Policy'' (M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1992), p. 34.</ref>}} | |||
[[United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division|Environment and Natural Resources Division]] (ENRD){{efn|The ENRD was originally called the Land and Natural Resources Division; it adopted its current name in 1990.<ref name="Reitze">Arnold W. Reitze, ''Air Pollution Control Law: Compliance and Enforcement'' ([[Environmental Law Institute]], 2001), p. 571.</ref>}} | * [[United States Department of Justice National Security Division|National Security Division]] (NSD) | ||
* [[United States Department of Justice Tax Division|Tax Division]] | |||
[[United States Department of Justice Justice Management Division|Justice Management Division]] (JMD){{efn|The JMD was originally called the Administrative Division; it adopted its current name in 1985.<ref name="Clayton">Cornell W. Clayton, ''The Politics of Justice: The Attorney General and the Making of Legal Policy'' (M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1992), p. 34.</ref>}} | |||
[[United States Department of Justice National Security Division|National Security Division]] (NSD) | |||
[[United States Department of Justice Tax Division|Tax Division]] | |||
=== Law enforcement agencies === | === Law enforcement agencies === | ||
Several [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|federal law enforcement agencies]] are administered by the Department of Justice: | Several [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|federal law enforcement agencies]] are administered by the Department of Justice: | ||
*[[United States Marshals Service]] (USMS) – The office of U.S. Marshal was established by the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]]. The U.S. Marshals Service was established as an agency in 1969, and it was elevated to full bureau status under the Justice Department in 1974.<ref>Larry K. Gaines & Victor E. Kappeler, ''Policing in America'' (8th ed. 2015), pp. 38–39.</ref><ref>''United States Marshals Service Then ... and Now'' (Office of the Director, United States Marshals Service, U.S. Department of Justice, 1978).</ref> | *[[United States Marshals Service]] (USMS) – The office of U.S. Marshal was established by the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]]. The U.S. Marshals Service was established as an agency in 1969, and it was elevated to full bureau status under the Justice Department in 1974.<ref>Larry K. Gaines & Victor E. Kappeler, ''Policing in America'' (8th ed. 2015), pp. 38–39.</ref><ref>''United States Marshals Service Then ... and Now'' (Office of the Director, United States Marshals Service, U.S. Department of Justice, 1978).</ref> | ||
*[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) – On July 26, 1908, a small investigative force was created within the Justice Department under Attorney General | *[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) – On July 26, 1908, a small investigative force was created within the Justice Department under Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. The following year, this force was officially named the Bureau of Investigation by Attorney General George W. Wickersham. In 1935, the bureau adopted its current name.<ref>''The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide'' (Oryz Press, 1999, ed. Athan G. Theoharis), p. 102.</ref> | ||
*[[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] (BOP) – the Three Prisons Act of 1891 created the federal prison system. Congress created the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 1930 by Pub. L. No. 71–218, 46 Stat. 325, signed into law by President Hoover on May 14, 1930.<ref>Mitchel P. Roth, ''Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia'' (Greenwood, 2006), pp. 278–79.</ref><ref>Dean J. Champion, ''Sentencing: A Reference Handbook'' (ABC-CLIO, Inc.: 2008), pp. 22–23.</ref><ref>James O. Windell, ''Looking Back in Crime: What Happened on This Date in Criminal Justice History?'' (CRC Press, 2015), p. 91.</ref> | *[[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] (BOP) – the Three Prisons Act of 1891 created the federal prison system. Congress created the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 1930 by Pub. L. No. 71–218, 46 Stat. 325, signed into law by President Hoover on May 14, 1930.<ref>Mitchel P. Roth, ''Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia'' (Greenwood, 2006), pp. 278–79.</ref><ref>Dean J. Champion, ''Sentencing: A Reference Handbook'' (ABC-CLIO, Inc.: 2008), pp. 22–23.</ref><ref>James O. Windell, ''Looking Back in Crime: What Happened on This Date in Criminal Justice History?'' (CRC Press, 2015), p. 91.</ref> | ||
*[[National Institute of Corrections]] (NIC) – Founded in 1974, the National Institute of Corrections is organized under the [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] and has a legislatively mandated mission to assist state and local correctional institutions, and to manage the [[Incarceration in the United States|American Federal Prison System]] by keeping records of inmates. | *[[National Institute of Corrections]] (NIC) – Founded in 1974, the National Institute of Corrections is organized under the [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] and has a legislatively mandated mission to assist state and local correctional institutions, and to manage the [[Incarceration in the United States|American Federal Prison System]] by keeping records of inmates. | ||
*[[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF) – Except for a brief period during | *[[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF) – Except for a brief period during Prohibition, ATF's predecessor bureaus were part of the Department of the Treasury for more than two hundred years.<ref name="ATFTransfer">[https://www.atf.gov/content/transfer-atf-us-department-justice-5 Transfer of ATF to U.S. Department of Justice]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.</ref> ATF was first established by Department of Treasury Order No. 221, effective July 1, 1972; this order "transferred the functions, powers, and duties arising under laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives from the Internal Revenue Service to ATF.<ref>[https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/alcohol-tobacco-firearms-and-explosives-bureau Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407123239/https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/alcohol-tobacco-firearms-and-explosives-bureau |date=April 7, 2015 }}, Federal Register.</ref> In 2003, under the terms of the [[Homeland Security Act]], ATF was split into two agencies – the new Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) was transferred to the Department of Justice, while the [[Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau]] (TTB) was retained by the Department of the Treasury.<ref name="ATFTransfer" /> | ||
*[[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) – Created in 1973 as part of the | *[[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) – Created in 1973 as part of the war on drugs, the DEA was formed from various previously existing law enforcement agencies that were parts of either the Department of Justice, [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] or the [[Food and Drug Administration]]. The DEA enforces the [[Controlled Substances Act]] and also interdicts foreign drug trafficking. | ||
*[[United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General|Office of the Inspector General]] (OIG) – The Office of Inspector General performs basic internal auditing functions, and has the power to make arrests and prosecute members of the Department of Justice who are found to be in violation of laws regulating conduct of government officials. | *[[United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General|Office of the Inspector General]] (OIG) – The Office of Inspector General performs basic internal auditing functions, and has the power to make arrests and prosecute members of the Department of Justice who are found to be in violation of laws regulating conduct of government officials. | ||
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*[[Executive Office of the United States Trustee]] (EOUST) | *[[Executive Office of the United States Trustee]] (EOUST) | ||
*[[Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management]] (OARM) | *[[Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management]] (OARM) | ||
*Office of the Chief Information Officer | *[[Office of the Chief Information Officer]] | ||
* | *[[Office of Dispute Resolution]] | ||
*[[Office of the Federal Detention Trustee]] (OFDT) | *[[Office of the Federal Detention Trustee]] (OFDT) | ||
*Office of the Executive Secretariat | *[[Office of the Executive Secretariat]] | ||
*[[Office of Immigration Litigation]] | *[[Office of Immigration Litigation]] | ||
*Office of Information Policy | *[[Office of Information Policy]] | ||
*[[Office of Intelligence Policy and Review]] (OIPR) | *[[Office of Intelligence Policy and Review]] (OIPR) | ||
*[[Office of Justice Programs]] (OJP) | *[[Office of Justice Programs]] (OJP) | ||
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**[[Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]] (OJJDP) | **[[Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]] (OJJDP) | ||
**[[Office for Victims of Crime]] (OVC) | **[[Office for Victims of Crime]] (OVC) | ||
**Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking Office (SMART) | **[[Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking Office]] (SMART) | ||
*Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education | *[[Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education]] | ||
*[[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) | *[[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) | ||
*[[Office of Legal Policy]] (OLP) | *[[Office of Legal Policy]] (OLP) | ||
*[[U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legislative Affairs|Office of Legislative Affairs]] | *[[U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legislative Affairs|Office of Legislative Affairs]] | ||
*[[Office of the Pardon Attorney]] | *[[Office of the Pardon Attorney]] | ||
* Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties (OPCL) | * [[Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties]] (OPCL) | ||
*[[Office of Professional Responsibility]] (OPR) | *[[Office of Professional Responsibility]] (OPR) | ||
*Office of Public Affairs | *[[Office of Public Affairs]] | ||
*Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children | *[[Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children]] | ||
*Office of Tribal Justice | *[[Office of Tribal Justice]] | ||
*[[Office on Violence Against Women]] (OVW) | *[[Office on Violence Against Women]] (OVW) | ||
*Professional Responsibility Advisory Office (PRAO) | *[[Professional Responsibility Advisory Office]] (PRAO) | ||
*[[United States Attorney]]s Offices | *[[United States Attorney]]s Offices | ||
*[[United States Trustee]]s Offices | *[[United States Trustee]]s Offices | ||
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===Other offices and programs=== | ===Other offices and programs=== | ||
*[[Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States]] | *[[Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States]] | ||
*[[INTERPOL]], U.S. National Central Bureau | *[[INTERPOL]], [[U.S. National Central Bureau]] | ||
*[[National Drug Intelligence Center]] | *[[National Drug Intelligence Center]] | ||
*[[Obscenity Prosecution Task Force]] | *[[Obscenity Prosecution Task Force]] | ||
*[[United States Parole Commission]] | *[[United States Parole Commission]] | ||
In March 2003, the | In March 2003, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service was abolished and its functions transferred to the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]]. The [[Executive Office for Immigration Review]] and the [[Board of Immigration Appeals]], which review decisions made by government officials under Immigration and Nationality law, remain under jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Similarly the Office of Domestic Preparedness left the Justice Department for the Department of Homeland Security, but only for executive purposes. The Office of Domestic Preparedness is still centralized within the Department of Justice, since its personnel are still officially employed within the Department of Justice. | ||
In 2003, the Department of Justice created LifeAndLiberty.gov, a website that supported the [[USA PATRIOT Act]]. It was criticized by government watchdog groups for its alleged violation of U.S. Code Title 18 Section 1913, which forbids money appropriated by Congress to be used to lobby in favor of any law, actual or proposed.<ref name="dotgovwatch">[http://www.dotgovwatch.com/?/archives/17-Department-of-Justice-Website-Illegally-Lobbies-Congress-LifeAndLiberty.gov.html Dotgovwatch.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040318/http://www.dotgovwatch.com/?%2Farchives%2F17-Department-of-Justice-Website-Illegally-Lobbies-Congress-LifeAndLiberty.gov.html |date=November 9, 2020 }}, October 18, 2007</ref> The website has since been taken offline. | In 2003, the Department of Justice created LifeAndLiberty.gov, a website that supported the [[USA PATRIOT Act]]. It was criticized by government watchdog groups for its alleged violation of U.S. Code Title 18 Section 1913, which forbids money appropriated by Congress to be used to lobby in favor of any law, actual or proposed.<ref name="dotgovwatch">[http://www.dotgovwatch.com/?/archives/17-Department-of-Justice-Website-Illegally-Lobbies-Congress-LifeAndLiberty.gov.html Dotgovwatch.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040318/http://www.dotgovwatch.com/?%2Farchives%2F17-Department-of-Justice-Website-Illegally-Lobbies-Congress-LifeAndLiberty.gov.html |date=November 9, 2020 }}, October 18, 2007</ref> The website has since been taken offline. | ||
Revision as of 23:35, 10 December 2024
Organization
Leadership offices
- Office of the Attorney General
- Office of the Deputy Attorney General
- Office of the Associate Attorney General
- Office of the Solicitor General of the United States
Divisions
- Criminal Division
- Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD)[lower-alpha 2]
- Justice Management Division (JMD)[lower-alpha 3]
- National Security Division (NSD)
- Tax Division
Law enforcement agencies
Several federal law enforcement agencies are administered by the Department of Justice:
- United States Marshals Service (USMS) – The office of U.S. Marshal was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789. The U.S. Marshals Service was established as an agency in 1969, and it was elevated to full bureau status under the Justice Department in 1974.[5][6]
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) – On July 26, 1908, a small investigative force was created within the Justice Department under Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. The following year, this force was officially named the Bureau of Investigation by Attorney General George W. Wickersham. In 1935, the bureau adopted its current name.[7]
- Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) – the Three Prisons Act of 1891 created the federal prison system. Congress created the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 1930 by Pub. L. No. 71–218, 46 Stat. 325, signed into law by President Hoover on May 14, 1930.[8][9][10]
- National Institute of Corrections (NIC) – Founded in 1974, the National Institute of Corrections is organized under the Federal Bureau of Prisons and has a legislatively mandated mission to assist state and local correctional institutions, and to manage the American Federal Prison System by keeping records of inmates.
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) – Except for a brief period during Prohibition, ATF's predecessor bureaus were part of the Department of the Treasury for more than two hundred years.[11] ATF was first established by Department of Treasury Order No. 221, effective July 1, 1972; this order "transferred the functions, powers, and duties arising under laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives from the Internal Revenue Service to ATF.[12] In 2003, under the terms of the Homeland Security Act, ATF was split into two agencies – the new Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) was transferred to the Department of Justice, while the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) was retained by the Department of the Treasury.[11]
- Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) – Created in 1973 as part of the war on drugs, the DEA was formed from various previously existing law enforcement agencies that were parts of either the Department of Justice, Department of the Treasury or the Food and Drug Administration. The DEA enforces the Controlled Substances Act and also interdicts foreign drug trafficking.
- Office of the Inspector General (OIG) – The Office of Inspector General performs basic internal auditing functions, and has the power to make arrests and prosecute members of the Department of Justice who are found to be in violation of laws regulating conduct of government officials.
Offices
- Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR)
- Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys (EOUSA)
- Executive Office of the United States Trustee (EOUST)
- Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management (OARM)
- Office of the Chief Information Officer
- Office of Dispute Resolution
- Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT)
- Office of the Executive Secretariat
- Office of Immigration Litigation
- Office of Information Policy
- Office of Intelligence Policy and Review (OIPR)
- Office of Justice Programs (OJP)
- Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education
- Office of Legal Counsel (OLC)
- Office of Legal Policy (OLP)
- Office of Legislative Affairs
- Office of the Pardon Attorney
- Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties (OPCL)
- Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR)
- Office of Public Affairs
- Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children
- Office of Tribal Justice
- Office on Violence Against Women (OVW)
- Professional Responsibility Advisory Office (PRAO)
- United States Attorneys Offices
- United States Trustees Offices
- Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
- Community Relations Service (CRS)
Other offices and programs
- Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States
- INTERPOL, U.S. National Central Bureau
- National Drug Intelligence Center
- Obscenity Prosecution Task Force
- United States Parole Commission
In March 2003, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service was abolished and its functions transferred to the United States Department of Homeland Security. The Executive Office for Immigration Review and the Board of Immigration Appeals, which review decisions made by government officials under Immigration and Nationality law, remain under jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Similarly the Office of Domestic Preparedness left the Justice Department for the Department of Homeland Security, but only for executive purposes. The Office of Domestic Preparedness is still centralized within the Department of Justice, since its personnel are still officially employed within the Department of Justice.
In 2003, the Department of Justice created LifeAndLiberty.gov, a website that supported the USA PATRIOT Act. It was criticized by government watchdog groups for its alleged violation of U.S. Code Title 18 Section 1913, which forbids money appropriated by Congress to be used to lobby in favor of any law, actual or proposed.[13] The website has since been taken offline.
On October 5, 2021, U.S. Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco has announced the formation of a "Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team" during the Aspen Cyber Summit.[14]
- ↑ Gregory Sisk & Michael F. Noone, Litigation with the Federal Government (4th ed.) (American Law Institute, 2006), pp. 10–11.
- ↑ Former Assistant Attorneys General: Civil Division Archived January 31, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Department of Justice.
- ↑ Arnold W. Reitze, Air Pollution Control Law: Compliance and Enforcement (Environmental Law Institute, 2001), p. 571.
- ↑ Cornell W. Clayton, The Politics of Justice: The Attorney General and the Making of Legal Policy (M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1992), p. 34.
- ↑ Larry K. Gaines & Victor E. Kappeler, Policing in America (8th ed. 2015), pp. 38–39.
- ↑ United States Marshals Service Then ... and Now (Office of the Director, United States Marshals Service, U.S. Department of Justice, 1978).
- ↑ The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide (Oryz Press, 1999, ed. Athan G. Theoharis), p. 102.
- ↑ Mitchel P. Roth, Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia (Greenwood, 2006), pp. 278–79.
- ↑ Dean J. Champion, Sentencing: A Reference Handbook (ABC-CLIO, Inc.: 2008), pp. 22–23.
- ↑ James O. Windell, Looking Back in Crime: What Happened on This Date in Criminal Justice History? (CRC Press, 2015), p. 91.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Transfer of ATF to U.S. Department of Justice[permanent dead link], Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
- ↑ Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives Bureau Archived April 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Federal Register.
- ↑ Dotgovwatch.com Archived November 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, October 18, 2007
- ↑ "DOJ Forms Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team - October 6, 2021" (in en-US). 2021-10-06. https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/10/06/doj-forms-cryptocurrency-enforcement-team/.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named 'lower-alpha', but no corresponding <references group='lower-alpha'/> tag was found