USApedia

New Jersey: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

New Jersey (view source)

Revision as of 15:02, 21 February 2025

194 bytes removed ,  21 February
m
Text replacement - "{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}" to ""
VisualWikitext
m (1 revision imported)
m (Text replacement - "{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}" to "")
 
(10 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{pp-move}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
 
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. state
{{Infobox U.S. state
Line 87: Line 87:
'''New Jersey''' is a [[U.S. state|state]] in both the [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]] and [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] regions of the United States. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|most densely populated]] state and at the center of the [[Northeast megalopolis]]. New Jersey is bordered to the northeast by [[New York (state)|New York state]]; on its east, southeast, and south by the [[Atlantic Ocean]]; on its west by the [[Delaware River]] and [[Pennsylvania]]; and on its southwest by [[Delaware Bay]] and [[Delaware]]. At {{Convert|7,354|sqmi}}, New Jersey is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|fifth-smallest state in land area]], but with close to 9.3 million residents as of the [[2020 United States census]], it ranks [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|11th in population]]. The state capital is [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], and the state's most populous city is [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which every [[List of counties in New Jersey|county]] is deemed [[urban area|urban]] by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]].
'''New Jersey''' is a [[U.S. state|state]] in both the [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]] and [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] regions of the United States. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|most densely populated]] state and at the center of the [[Northeast megalopolis]]. New Jersey is bordered to the northeast by [[New York (state)|New York state]]; on its east, southeast, and south by the [[Atlantic Ocean]]; on its west by the [[Delaware River]] and [[Pennsylvania]]; and on its southwest by [[Delaware Bay]] and [[Delaware]]. At {{Convert|7,354|sqmi}}, New Jersey is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|fifth-smallest state in land area]], but with close to 9.3 million residents as of the [[2020 United States census]], it ranks [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|11th in population]]. The state capital is [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], and the state's most populous city is [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which every [[List of counties in New Jersey|county]] is deemed [[urban area|urban]] by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]].


New Jersey was first inhabited by [[Paleo-Indians]] as early as 13,000 B.C.E. The [[Lenape]] were the dominant [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous group]] when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, and they were subdivived into dialectal groups such as the Munsee, in the north, and the Unami and the Unalachtigo, elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey Indian Tribes and Languages |url=https://www.native-languages.org/jersey.htm |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.native-languages.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swanton |first=John Reed |title=The Indian Tribes of North America |pages=48–55}}</ref> [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] and [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] colonists founded the first European settlements in the state,<ref>{{cite web |title=NJ History Outline |url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430032638/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |publisher=USGenNet }}</ref> with the [[Kingdom of England|British]] later seizing control of the region and establishing the [[Province of New Jersey]], named after [[Jersey]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=New Jersey |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |access-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029034619/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |archive-date=October 29, 2009 |encyclopedia=MSN Encarta |via=Webcitation.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopedia—New Jersey History |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055543/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |publisher=2000–2011 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease}}</ref> The colony's fertile lands and relative [[toleration|religious tolerance]] drew a large and diverse population. New Jersey was among the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that supported the [[American Revolution]], hosting several [[New Jersey in the American Revolution|pivotal battles and military commands]] in the [[American Revolutionary War]]. New Jersey remained in the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] during the [[American Civil War]] and [[New Jersey in the American Civil War|provided]] troops, resources, and military leaders in support of the [[Union Army]]. After the war, the state emerged as a major [[manufacturing]] center and a leading destination for immigrants, helping drive the [[Industrial Revolution]] in the U.S. New Jersey was the site of many industrial, technological, and commercial [[innovation]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mansnerus |first=Laura |date=September 26, 1999 |title=New Jersey's Cities: Sad Urban Presence Encircled by Wealth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/26/nyregion/new-jersey-s-cities-sad-urban-presence-encircled-by-wealth.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917065514/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/26/nyregion/new-jersey-s-cities-sad-urban-presence-encircled-by-wealth.html |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |access-date=December 21, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[List of people from New Jersey|Many prominent Americans associated with New Jersey]] have proven influential nationally and globally, including in academia, advocacy, business, entertainment, government, military, non-profit leadership, and other fields.
New Jersey was first inhabited by [[Paleo-Indians]] as early as 13,000 B.C.E. The [[Lenape]] were the dominant [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous group]] when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, and they were subdivived into dialectal groups such as the Munsee, in the north, and the Unami and the Unalachtigo, elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey Indian Tribes and Languages |url=https://www.native-languages.org/jersey.htm |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.native-languages.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swanton |first=John Reed |title=The Indian Tribes of North America |pages=48–55}}</ref> [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] and [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] colonists founded the first European settlements in the state,<ref>{{cite web |title=NJ History Outline |url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430032638/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |publisher=USGenNet }}</ref> with the [[Kingdom of England|British]] later seizing control of the region and establishing the [[Province of New Jersey]], named after [[Jersey]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=New Jersey |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |access-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029034619/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |archive-date=October 29, 2009 |encyclopedia=MSN Encarta |via=Webcitation.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopedia—New Jersey History |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055543/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |publisher=2000–2011 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease}}</ref> The colony's fertile lands and relative [[toleration|religious tolerance]] drew a large and diverse population. New Jersey was among the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that supported the [[American Revolution]], hosting several [[New Jersey in the American Revolution|pivotal battles and military commands]] in the American Revolutionary War. New Jersey remained in the Union during the American Civil War and [[New Jersey in the American Civil War|provided]] troops, resources, and military leaders in support of the [[Union Army]]. After the war, the state emerged as a major [[manufacturing]] center and a leading destination for immigrants, helping drive the [[Industrial Revolution]] in the U.S. New Jersey was the site of many industrial, technological, and commercial [[innovation]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mansnerus |first=Laura |date=September 26, 1999 |title=New Jersey's Cities: Sad Urban Presence Encircled by Wealth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/26/nyregion/new-jersey-s-cities-sad-urban-presence-encircled-by-wealth.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917065514/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/26/nyregion/new-jersey-s-cities-sad-urban-presence-encircled-by-wealth.html |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |access-date=December 21, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[List of people from New Jersey|Many prominent Americans associated with New Jersey]] have proven influential nationally and globally, including in academia, advocacy, business, entertainment, government, military, non-profit leadership, and other fields.


New Jersey's central location in the Northeast megalopolis helped fuel its rapid growth and [[suburbanization]] in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state's economy has become highly diversified, with major sectors including [[biotechnology]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[information technology]], [[Wall Street West|finance]], and [[tourism]], and it has become an [[East Coast of the United States|Atlantic seaboard]] epicenter for [[logistics]] and [[distribution (marketing)|distribution]]. New Jersey remains a major destination for immigrants and is home to one of the world's most [[Ethnic enclave|multicultural populations]].<ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ22">{{cite web |author=Sheingold |first=Dave |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Bergen County leads population growth trend, halts flow to other parts of N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145941/http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref><ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ3">{{cite web |author=Lynn |first=Kathleen |date=October 25, 2015 |title=What's the future for suburban office space? |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026013653/http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref> Echoing historical trends, the state has increasingly re-urbanized, with growth in cities outpacing [[suburb]]s since 2008.<ref>{{cite web |author=Maag |first=Chrispher |date=April 15, 2016 |title=Population rebounds around train stations in N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418205913/http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=April 15, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref>
New Jersey's central location in the Northeast megalopolis helped fuel its rapid growth and [[suburbanization]] in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state's economy has become highly diversified, with major sectors including [[biotechnology]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[information technology]], [[Wall Street West|finance]], and [[tourism]], and it has become an [[East Coast of the United States|Atlantic seaboard]] epicenter for [[logistics]] and [[distribution (marketing)|distribution]]. New Jersey remains a major destination for immigrants and is home to one of the world's most [[Ethnic enclave|multicultural populations]].<ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ22">{{cite web |author=Sheingold |first=Dave |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Bergen County leads population growth trend, halts flow to other parts of N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145941/http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref><ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ3">{{cite web |author=Lynn |first=Kathleen |date=October 25, 2015 |title=What's the future for suburban office space? |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026013653/http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref> Echoing historical trends, the state has increasingly re-urbanized, with growth in cities outpacing [[suburb]]s since 2008.<ref>{{cite web |author=Maag |first=Chrispher |date=April 15, 2016 |title=Population rebounds around train stations in N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418205913/http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=April 15, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref>
Line 121: Line 121:
New Jersey was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that revolted against British rule in the [[American Revolution]]. The [[s:New Jersey Constitution of 1776|New Jersey Constitution of 1776]] was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the [[Second Continental Congress]] declared American Independence from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]. It was an act of the [[Provincial Congress of New Jersey|Provincial Congress]], which made itself into the [[New Jersey Legislature|State Legislature]]. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become the legislature would disband if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. Among the 56 [[Founding Fathers]] who signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], five were New Jersey representatives: [[Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)|Richard Stockton]], [[John Witherspoon]], [[Francis Hopkinson]], [[John Hart (New Jersey politician)|John Hart]], and [[Abraham Clark]].
New Jersey was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that revolted against British rule in the [[American Revolution]]. The [[s:New Jersey Constitution of 1776|New Jersey Constitution of 1776]] was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the [[Second Continental Congress]] declared American Independence from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]. It was an act of the [[Provincial Congress of New Jersey|Provincial Congress]], which made itself into the [[New Jersey Legislature|State Legislature]]. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become the legislature would disband if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. Among the 56 [[Founding Fathers]] who signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], five were New Jersey representatives: [[Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)|Richard Stockton]], [[John Witherspoon]], [[Francis Hopkinson]], [[John Hart (New Jersey politician)|John Hart]], and [[Abraham Clark]].


During the [[American Revolutionary War]], British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times, and several pivotal battles took place in the state. Because of this, New Jersey today is sometimes referred to as "The Crossroads of the American Revolution".<ref>{{cite web|title=About Crossroads of the American Revolution|url=http://revolutionarynj.org/about-crossroads-of-the-american-revolution/|publisher=Crossroads of the American Revolution|access-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104192948/http://revolutionarynj.org/about-crossroads-of-the-american-revolution/|archive-date=November 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The winter quarters of the [[Continental Army]] were established in New Jersey twice by General [[George Washington]] in [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]], which has been called "The Military Capital of the American Revolution."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Military Capital of the American Revolution|url=http://www.visitnj.org/article/military-capital-american-revolution|publisher=New Jersey Tourism|date=February 2014|access-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105231335/http://www.visitnj.org/article/military-capital-american-revolution|archive-date=November 5, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the American Revolutionary War, British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times, and several pivotal battles took place in the state. Because of this, New Jersey today is sometimes referred to as "The Crossroads of the American Revolution".<ref>{{cite web|title=About Crossroads of the American Revolution|url=http://revolutionarynj.org/about-crossroads-of-the-american-revolution/|publisher=Crossroads of the American Revolution|access-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104192948/http://revolutionarynj.org/about-crossroads-of-the-american-revolution/|archive-date=November 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The winter quarters of the [[Continental Army]] were established in New Jersey twice by General [[George Washington]] in [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]], which has been called "The Military Capital of the American Revolution."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Military Capital of the American Revolution|url=http://www.visitnj.org/article/military-capital-american-revolution|publisher=New Jersey Tourism|date=February 2014|access-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105231335/http://www.visitnj.org/article/military-capital-american-revolution|archive-date=November 5, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>


On the night of December 25–26, 1776, the Continental Army under [[Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|George Washington crossed the Delaware River]]. After the crossing, they surprised and defeated the [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian troops]] in the [[Battle of Trenton]]. Slightly more than a week after victory at [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], Continental Army forces gained an important victory by stopping [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|General Cornwallis's]] charges at the [[Second Battle of Trenton]]. By evading Cornwallis's army, the Continental Army was able to make a surprise attack on [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] and successfully defeated the British forces there on January 3, 1777. [[Emanuel Leutze]]'s painting of ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' became an icon of the Revolution.
On the night of December 25–26, 1776, the Continental Army under [[Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|George Washington crossed the Delaware River]]. After the crossing, they surprised and defeated the [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian troops]] in the [[Battle of Trenton]]. Slightly more than a week after victory at [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], Continental Army forces gained an important victory by stopping [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|General Cornwallis's]] charges at the [[Second Battle of Trenton]]. By evading Cornwallis's army, the Continental Army was able to make a surprise attack on [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] and successfully defeated the British forces there on January 3, 1777. [[Emanuel Leutze]]'s painting of ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' became an icon of the Revolution.
Line 136: Line 136:
{{Main|New Jersey in the 19th century|New Jersey in the American Civil War}}
{{Main|New Jersey in the 19th century|New Jersey in the American Civil War}}
[[File:Line of the Morris Canal, New Jersey, 1827.jpg|thumb|Map of the {{Convert|107|mi|km|-long|adj=mid}} [[Morris Canal]] across [[North Jersey]]]]
[[File:Line of the Morris Canal, New Jersey, 1827.jpg|thumb|Map of the {{Convert|107|mi|km|-long|adj=mid}} [[Morris Canal]] across [[North Jersey]]]]
On February 15, 1804, New Jersey became the last northern state to [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolish]] new [[slavery]] and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery. This led to a gradual decrease of the slave population. By the [[American Civil War]]'s end, about a dozen African Americans in New Jersey were still held in bondage.<ref>James Gigantino, The Ragged Road to Abolition: Slavery and Freedom in New Jersey, 1775–1865</ref> New Jersey voters eventually ratified the constitutional amendments banning slavery and granting rights to the United States' black population.
On February 15, 1804, New Jersey became the last northern state to [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolish]] new [[slavery]] and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery. This led to a gradual decrease of the slave population. By the American Civil War's end, about a dozen African Americans in New Jersey were still held in bondage.<ref>James Gigantino, The Ragged Road to Abolition: Slavery and Freedom in New Jersey, 1775–1865</ref> New Jersey voters eventually ratified the constitutional amendments banning slavery and granting rights to the United States' black population.


Industrialization accelerated in the present-day [[North Jersey]] region of the state following completion of the [[Morris Canal]] in 1831. The canal allowed for [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] to be transported from eastern [[Pennsylvania]]'s [[Lehigh Valley]] to North Jersey's growing industries in [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]].
Industrialization accelerated in the present-day [[North Jersey]] region of the state following completion of the [[Morris Canal]] in 1831. The canal allowed for [[anthracite|anthracite coal]] to be transported from eastern [[Pennsylvania]]'s [[Lehigh Valley]] to North Jersey's growing industries in [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]].
Line 142: Line 142:
In 1844, the second [[New Jersey State Constitution|state constitution]] was ratified and brought into effect. Counties thereby became districts for the state senate, and some realignment of boundaries (including the creation of [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]]) immediately followed. This provision was retained in the 1947 Constitution, but was overturned by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in 1962, by the decision ''[[Baker v. Carr]]''. While the Governorship was stronger than under the 1776 constitution, the constitution of 1844 created many offices that were not responsible to him, or to the people, and it gave him a three-year term, but he could not succeed himself.
In 1844, the second [[New Jersey State Constitution|state constitution]] was ratified and brought into effect. Counties thereby became districts for the state senate, and some realignment of boundaries (including the creation of [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]]) immediately followed. This provision was retained in the 1947 Constitution, but was overturned by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in 1962, by the decision ''[[Baker v. Carr]]''. While the Governorship was stronger than under the 1776 constitution, the constitution of 1844 created many offices that were not responsible to him, or to the people, and it gave him a three-year term, but he could not succeed himself.


New Jersey was one of the few Union states (the others being [[Delaware]] and [[Kentucky]]) to select a candidate other than [[Abraham Lincoln]] twice in national elections, and sided with [[Stephen A. Douglas]] (1860) and [[George B. McClellan]] (1864) during their campaigns. McClellan, a native Philadelphian, had New Jersey ties and formally resided in New Jersey at the time; he later became Governor of New Jersey (1878–81). (In New Jersey, the factions of the Democratic party managed an effective coalition in 1860.) During the [[American Civil War]], the state was led first by Republican governor [[Charles Smith Olden]], then by Democrat [[Joel Parker (politician)|Joel Parker]]. During the course of the war, between 65,000 and 80,000 soldiers from the state enlisted in the Union army; unlike many states, including some Northern ones, no battle was fought there.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Horowitz|first=Ben|date=June 23, 2015|title=10 facts about New Jersey and the Civil War|url=https://www.nj.com/morris/2015/06/ten_facts_about_new_jersey_and_the_civil_war.html|access-date=February 23, 2021|website=nj|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415013550/https://www.nj.com/morris/2015/06/ten_facts_about_new_jersey_and_the_civil_war.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
New Jersey was one of the few Union states (the others being [[Delaware]] and [[Kentucky]]) to select a candidate other than Abraham Lincoln twice in national elections, and sided with [[Stephen A. Douglas]] (1860) and [[George B. McClellan]] (1864) during their campaigns. McClellan, a native Philadelphian, had New Jersey ties and formally resided in New Jersey at the time; he later became Governor of New Jersey (1878–81). (In New Jersey, the factions of the Democratic party managed an effective coalition in 1860.) During the American Civil War, the state was led first by Republican governor [[Charles Smith Olden]], then by Democrat [[Joel Parker (politician)|Joel Parker]]. During the course of the war, between 65,000 and 80,000 soldiers from the state enlisted in the Union army; unlike many states, including some Northern ones, no battle was fought there.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Horowitz|first=Ben|date=June 23, 2015|title=10 facts about New Jersey and the Civil War|url=https://www.nj.com/morris/2015/06/ten_facts_about_new_jersey_and_the_civil_war.html|access-date=February 23, 2021|website=nj|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415013550/https://www.nj.com/morris/2015/06/ten_facts_about_new_jersey_and_the_civil_war.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


In the [[Industrial Revolution]], cities like [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]] grew and prospered. Previously, the economy had been largely agrarian, which was problematically subject to crop failures and poor soil. This caused a shift to a more [[industrialization|industrialized]] economy, one based on manufactured commodities such as textiles and silk. [[List of inventors|Inventor]] [[Thomas Edison]] also became an important figure of the Industrial Revolution, having been [[List of Edison patents|granted 1,093 patents]], many of which for inventions he developed while working in New Jersey. Edison's facilities, first at [[Menlo Park, New Jersey|Menlo Park]] and then in [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]], are considered perhaps the first [[research center]]s in the United States. Christie Street in Menlo Park was the first thoroughfare in the world to have electric lighting. Transportation was greatly improved as [[locomotive|locomotion]] and [[steamboat]]s were introduced to New Jersey.
In the [[Industrial Revolution]], cities like [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]] grew and prospered. Previously, the economy had been largely agrarian, which was problematically subject to crop failures and poor soil. This caused a shift to a more [[industrialization|industrialized]] economy, one based on manufactured commodities such as textiles and silk. [[List of inventors|Inventor]] [[Thomas Edison]] also became an important figure of the Industrial Revolution, having been [[List of Edison patents|granted 1,093 patents]], many of which for inventions he developed while working in New Jersey. Edison's facilities, first at [[Menlo Park, New Jersey|Menlo Park]] and then in [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]], are considered perhaps the first [[research center]]s in the United States. Christie Street in Menlo Park was the first thoroughfare in the world to have electric lighting. Transportation was greatly improved as [[locomotive|locomotion]] and [[steamboat]]s were introduced to New Jersey.
Line 152: Line 152:
New Jersey prospered through the [[Roaring Twenties]]. The first [[Miss America Pageant]] was held in 1921 in [[Atlantic City]]; the [[Holland Tunnel]] connecting [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] to [[Manhattan]] opened in 1927; and the first [[drive-in movie]] was shown in 1933 in [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]. During the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, the state offered begging licenses to unemployed residents,<ref>Gerdes, Louise I. ''The 1930s'', Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.</ref> the zeppelin airship [[Hindenburg disaster|Hindenburg]] crashed in flames over [[Lakehurst, New Jersey|Lakehurst]], and the [[SS Morro Castle (1930)|SS ''Morro Castle'']] beached itself near [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] after going up in flames while at sea.
New Jersey prospered through the [[Roaring Twenties]]. The first [[Miss America Pageant]] was held in 1921 in [[Atlantic City]]; the [[Holland Tunnel]] connecting [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] to [[Manhattan]] opened in 1927; and the first [[drive-in movie]] was shown in 1933 in [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]. During the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, the state offered begging licenses to unemployed residents,<ref>Gerdes, Louise I. ''The 1930s'', Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.</ref> the zeppelin airship [[Hindenburg disaster|Hindenburg]] crashed in flames over [[Lakehurst, New Jersey|Lakehurst]], and the [[SS Morro Castle (1930)|SS ''Morro Castle'']] beached itself near [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] after going up in flames while at sea.


Through both [[World War]]s, New Jersey was a center for war production, especially naval construction. The [[Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company]] yards in Kearny and Newark and the [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]] yard in Camden produced [[aircraft carrier]]s, battleships, cruisers, and destroyers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyorkship.org/history/|title=History|date=March 23, 2016|website=New York Shipbuilding Corporation|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406193652/https://newyorkship.org/history/|archive-date=April 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> New Jersey manufactured 6.8 percent of total United States military armaments produced during [[World War II]], ranking fifth among the 48 states.<ref>[[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Peck, Merton J.]] & [[Frederic M. Scherer|Scherer, Frederic M.]] ''The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis'' (1962) [[Harvard Business School]] p.111</ref> In addition, [[Fort Dix, New Jersey|Fort Dix]] (1917) (originally called "Camp Dix"),<ref name="dixhist">{{cite web |url=http://www.dix.army.mil/history/history.html |at=¶1 |title=Fort Dix History |publisher=U.S. Support Activity—Fort Dix |access-date=January 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227024450/http://www.dix.army.mil/history/history.html |archive-date=December 27, 2013 }}</ref> [[Camp Merritt (New Jersey)|Camp Merritt]] (1917),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/camp_merritt.htm|title=Camp Merritt|publisher=Freepages.military.rootsweb.com|access-date=July 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704180947/http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/camp_merritt.htm|archive-date=July 4, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Camp Kilmer]] (1941){{citation needed|date=December 2022}} were all constructed to house and train American soldiers through both World Wars. New Jersey also became a principal location for defense in the [[Cold War]]. Fourteen [[Project Nike|Nike missile]] stations were constructed for the defense of the New York City and [[Philadelphia]] areas. ''[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109|PT-109]]'', a motor torpedo boat commanded by Lt. (j.g.) [[John F. Kennedy]] in World War II, was built at the Elco Boatworks in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]]. The aircraft carrier [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'' (CV-6)]] was briefly docked at the Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne in the 1950s before she was sent to Kearney to be scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cv6.org/1946/scrap/default.htm|title=CV6.org|publisher=CV6.org|access-date=July 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920184145/http://cv6.org/1946/scrap/default.htm|archive-date=September 20, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1962, the world's first nuclear-powered cargo ship, the [[NS Savannah]], was launched at Camden.
Through both [[World War]]s, New Jersey was a center for war production, especially naval construction. The [[Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company]] yards in Kearny and Newark and the [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]] yard in Camden produced [[aircraft carrier]]s, battleships, cruisers, and destroyers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyorkship.org/history/|title=History|date=March 23, 2016|website=New York Shipbuilding Corporation|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406193652/https://newyorkship.org/history/|archive-date=April 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> New Jersey manufactured 6.8 percent of total United States military armaments produced during [[World War II]], ranking fifth among the 48 states.<ref>[[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Peck, Merton J.]] & [[Frederic M. Scherer|Scherer, Frederic M.]] ''The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis'' (1962) [[Harvard Business School]] p.111</ref> In addition, [[Fort Dix, New Jersey|Fort Dix]] (1917) (originally called "Camp Dix"),<ref name="dixhist">{{cite web |url=http://www.dix.army.mil/history/history.html |at=¶1 |title=Fort Dix History |publisher=U.S. Support Activity—Fort Dix |access-date=January 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227024450/http://www.dix.army.mil/history/history.html |archive-date=December 27, 2013 }}</ref> [[Camp Merritt (New Jersey)|Camp Merritt]] (1917),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/camp_merritt.htm|title=Camp Merritt|publisher=Freepages.military.rootsweb.com|access-date=July 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704180947/http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/camp_merritt.htm|archive-date=July 4, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Camp Kilmer]] (1941){{citation needed|date=December 2022}} were all constructed to house and train American soldiers through both World Wars. New Jersey also became a principal location for defense in the [[Cold War]]. Fourteen [[Project Nike|Nike missile]] stations were constructed for the defense of the New York City and Philadelphia areas. ''[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109|PT-109]]'', a motor torpedo boat commanded by Lt. (j.g.) [[John F. Kennedy]] in World War II, was built at the Elco Boatworks in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]]. The aircraft carrier [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'' (CV-6)]] was briefly docked at the Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne in the 1950s before she was sent to Kearney to be scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cv6.org/1946/scrap/default.htm|title=CV6.org|publisher=CV6.org|access-date=July 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920184145/http://cv6.org/1946/scrap/default.htm|archive-date=September 20, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1962, the world's first nuclear-powered cargo ship, the [[NS Savannah]], was launched at Camden.


In 1951, the [[New Jersey Turnpike]] opened, facilitating efficient travel by car and truck between [[North Jersey]] and [[New York metropolitan area|metropolitan New York]], and [[South Jersey]] and [[Delaware Valley|metropolitan Philadelphia]].<ref>[https://www.njta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115041611/https://www.njta.com/|date=January 15, 2022}} Accessed September 23, 2021.</ref> Subsequently, in 1957, the [[Garden State Parkway]] was completed, serving as a diagonal counterpart to the Turnpike, and opening up highway travel along New Jersey's coastal flank between [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] in the northeast and the [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] [[Cape May peninsula|peninsula]] at the southeastern tip of New Jersey; in doing so, the [[Jersey Shore]] became readily accessible to millions of residents in the New York metropolitan area. In 1959, Air Defense Command deployed the [[CIM-10 Bomarc]] [[surface-to-air missile]] to [[McGuire Air Force Base]]. On June 7, 1960, an [[BOMARC Missile Accident Site|explosion]] in a CIM-10 Bomarc missile fuel tank caused an accident and subsequent plutonium contamination.<ref>{{cite news |title=Check out the abandoned New Jersey military base where a nuclear missile exploded in 1960 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bomarc-nuclear-missile-explosion-mcguire-afb-fort-dix-1960-2017-3 |work=Business Insider |date=March 23, 2017 |access-date=September 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903103416/https://www.businessinsider.com/bomarc-nuclear-missile-explosion-mcguire-afb-fort-dix-1960-2017-3 |archive-date=September 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 1951, the [[New Jersey Turnpike]] opened, facilitating efficient travel by car and truck between [[North Jersey]] and [[New York metropolitan area|metropolitan New York]], and [[South Jersey]] and [[Delaware Valley|metropolitan Philadelphia]].<ref>[https://www.njta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115041611/https://www.njta.com/|date=January 15, 2022}} Accessed September 23, 2021.</ref> Subsequently, in 1957, the [[Garden State Parkway]] was completed, serving as a diagonal counterpart to the Turnpike, and opening up highway travel along New Jersey's coastal flank between [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] in the northeast and the [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] [[Cape May peninsula|peninsula]] at the southeastern tip of New Jersey; in doing so, the [[Jersey Shore]] became readily accessible to millions of residents in the New York metropolitan area. In 1959, Air Defense Command deployed the [[CIM-10 Bomarc]] [[surface-to-air missile]] to [[McGuire Air Force Base]]. On June 7, 1960, an [[BOMARC Missile Accident Site|explosion]] in a CIM-10 Bomarc missile fuel tank caused an accident and subsequent plutonium contamination.<ref>{{cite news |title=Check out the abandoned New Jersey military base where a nuclear missile exploded in 1960 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bomarc-nuclear-missile-explosion-mcguire-afb-fort-dix-1960-2017-3 |work=Business Insider |date=March 23, 2017 |access-date=September 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903103416/https://www.businessinsider.com/bomarc-nuclear-missile-explosion-mcguire-afb-fort-dix-1960-2017-3 |archive-date=September 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Line 197: Line 197:
  | alt2      =
  | alt2      =
}}
}}
[[File:Rockefeller Overlook, Palisades Interstate Parkway, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey - 20200907 - 02.jpg|thumb|Atop the [[Hudson Palisades]] in [[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|Englewood Cliffs]], [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], overlooking the [[Hudson River]], the [[George Washington Bridge]], and the [[skyscraper]]s of [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]] [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]]]
[[File:Rockefeller Overlook, Palisades Interstate Parkway, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey - 20200907 - 02.jpg|thumb|Atop the [[Hudson Palisades]] in [[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey|Englewood Cliffs]], [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], overlooking the [[Hudson River]], the [[George Washington Bridge]], and the [[skyscraper]]s of [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]] [[Manhattan]], New York City]]
[[File:Delaware Water Gap.jpg|thumb|[[Delaware Water Gap]] is shared between [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]] and neighboring [[Pennsylvania]].]]
[[File:Delaware Water Gap.jpg|thumb|[[Delaware Water Gap]] is shared between [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]] and neighboring [[Pennsylvania]].]]
[[File:Clinton NJ Easter 2014.jpg|thumb|At {{convert|69.6|mi|abbr=on}} in length, [[Raritan River]] is the longest river entirely within New Jersey, flowing from [[Raritan Valley]] near [[Clinton, New Jersey|Clinton]] (above), eastward to [[Raritan Bay]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].]]
[[File:Clinton NJ Easter 2014.jpg|thumb|At {{convert|69.6|mi|abbr=on}} in length, [[Raritan River]] is the longest river entirely within New Jersey, flowing from [[Raritan Valley]] near [[Clinton, New Jersey|Clinton]] (above), eastward to [[Raritan Bay]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean]].]]
Line 204: Line 204:
New Jersey is located at the center of the [[Northeast megalopolis]], the most populated American [[urban agglomeration]]. It is bordered on the north and northeast by [[New York (state)|New York]] (parts of which are across the [[Hudson River]], [[Upper New York Bay]], the [[Kill Van Kull]], [[Newark Bay]], and the [[Arthur Kill]]); on the east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the southwest by [[Delaware]] across [[Delaware Bay]]; and on the west by [[Pennsylvania]] across the [[Delaware River]].
New Jersey is located at the center of the [[Northeast megalopolis]], the most populated American [[urban agglomeration]]. It is bordered on the north and northeast by [[New York (state)|New York]] (parts of which are across the [[Hudson River]], [[Upper New York Bay]], the [[Kill Van Kull]], [[Newark Bay]], and the [[Arthur Kill]]); on the east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the southwest by [[Delaware]] across [[Delaware Bay]]; and on the west by [[Pennsylvania]] across the [[Delaware River]].


New Jersey is broadly divided into the [[North Jersey|North]], [[Central Jersey|Central]], and [[South Jersey]] geographic regions, although some residents do not consider Central Jersey a region in its own right. Across the regions are five distinct areas divided by natural geography and population concentration. Northeastern New Jersey, often referred to as the [[Gateway Region]], lies closest to [[Manhattan]] in New York City, and up to a million residents commute daily into the city for work, many via public transportation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/rudincenter/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|title=The Dynamic Population of Manhattan|author1=Mitchell L. Moss|author2=Carson Qing|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Wagner School of Public Service, New York University|date=March 2012|access-date=April 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314141540/https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/rudincenter/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Jersey Shore]], along the Atlantic Coast in Central and South Jersey, has its own unique natural, residential, and cultural characteristics owing to its location by the ocean. South Jersey represents the southernmost geographical region of the [[northeastern United States]]. The [[Delaware Valley]] includes the southwestern counties of the state, which reside within the [[Delaware Valley]] surrounding [[Philadelphia]].
New Jersey is broadly divided into the [[North Jersey|North]], [[Central Jersey|Central]], and [[South Jersey]] geographic regions, although some residents do not consider Central Jersey a region in its own right. Across the regions are five distinct areas divided by natural geography and population concentration. Northeastern New Jersey, often referred to as the [[Gateway Region]], lies closest to [[Manhattan]] in New York City, and up to a million residents commute daily into the city for work, many via public transportation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/rudincenter/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|title=The Dynamic Population of Manhattan|author1=Mitchell L. Moss|author2=Carson Qing|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Wagner School of Public Service, New York University|date=March 2012|access-date=April 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314141540/https://wagner.nyu.edu/files/rudincenter/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|archive-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Jersey Shore]], along the Atlantic Coast in Central and South Jersey, has its own unique natural, residential, and cultural characteristics owing to its location by the ocean. South Jersey represents the southernmost geographical region of the [[northeastern United States]]. The [[Delaware Valley]] includes the southwestern counties of the state, which reside within the [[Delaware Valley]] surrounding Philadelphia.


Despite its heavily urban character and a long history of [[industrialization]], forests cover roughly 45 percent of New Jersey's land area, or approximately {{Convert|2.1|e6acre}}, ranking 31st among the 50 U.S. states and six territories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trends in New Jersey Forests|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/brochures/pdfs/state_forests/nj_forest.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511092612/https://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/brochures/pdfs/state_forests/nj_forest.pdf|archive-date=May 11, 2017|access-date=March 13, 2015|publisher=Department of Environmental Protection, N.J. Forestry Services and United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> Northwestern New Jersey, often referred to as the [[Skylands Region]], is more wooded, rural, and mountainous. The chief tree of the northern forests is the [[oak]]. The [[New Jersey Pine Barrens]] is situated in the southern interior of New Jersey and covered extensively by mixed [[pine]] and [[oak]] forest; its population density is lower than most of the state.
Despite its heavily urban character and a long history of [[industrialization]], forests cover roughly 45 percent of New Jersey's land area, or approximately {{Convert|2.1|e6acre}}, ranking 31st among the 50 U.S. states and six territories.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trends in New Jersey Forests|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/brochures/pdfs/state_forests/nj_forest.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511092612/https://www.fs.fed.us/ne/newtown_square/publications/brochures/pdfs/state_forests/nj_forest.pdf|archive-date=May 11, 2017|access-date=March 13, 2015|publisher=Department of Environmental Protection, N.J. Forestry Services and United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> Northwestern New Jersey, often referred to as the [[Skylands Region]], is more wooded, rural, and mountainous. The chief tree of the northern forests is the [[oak]]. The [[New Jersey Pine Barrens]] is situated in the southern interior of New Jersey and covered extensively by mixed [[pine]] and [[oak]] forest; its population density is lower than most of the state.
Line 534: Line 534:
Residents of New Jersey are most commonly referred to as New Jerseyans or, less commonly, as New Jerseyites. According to the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], the state had a population of 9,288,994, a 5.7% increase since the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]], which counted 8,791,894 residents.<ref name="2020Census" /> The state ranked eleventh in the country by total population and first in population density, with 1,185 residents per square mile (458 per km<sup>2</sup>). Historically, New Jersey has experienced one of the fastest growth rates in the country, with its population increasing by double digits almost every decade until 1980; growth has since slowed but remained relatively robust until recently. In 2022, the Census Bureau estimated there were 6,262 fewer residents than in 2020, a decline of 0.3% from 2020, related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NJ |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718114426/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Residents of New Jersey are most commonly referred to as New Jerseyans or, less commonly, as New Jerseyites. According to the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], the state had a population of 9,288,994, a 5.7% increase since the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]], which counted 8,791,894 residents.<ref name="2020Census" /> The state ranked eleventh in the country by total population and first in population density, with 1,185 residents per square mile (458 per km<sup>2</sup>). Historically, New Jersey has experienced one of the fastest growth rates in the country, with its population increasing by double digits almost every decade until 1980; growth has since slowed but remained relatively robust until recently. In 2022, the Census Bureau estimated there were 6,262 fewer residents than in 2020, a decline of 0.3% from 2020, related to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NJ |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718114426/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NJ |url-status=live }}</ref>


New Jersey is the only state where every county is deemed [[urban area|urban]] as defined by the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Areas and Components, 1999, with FIPS codes |url=https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/99mfips.txt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510103542/https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/99mfips.txt |archive-date=May 10, 2009 |access-date=July 25, 2010}}</ref> Most residents live in the counties surrounding [[New York City]], the nation's largest city, [[Philadelphia]], the nation's sixth-largest city, or along the eastern [[Jersey Shore]]; the extreme southern and northwestern counties are relatively less dense overall. Since the 2000 census, the [[United States Census Bureau]] calculated that New Jersey's [[center of population]] was located in [[East Brunswick, New Jersey|East Brunswick]].<ref>Sweilem, Amira. [https://www.nj.com/data/2022/11/njs-population-center-still-tilts-north-this-town-considers-it-a-badge-of-honor.html "N.J.'s population center still tilts north. This town considers it a badge of honor."], NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], November 27, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "Answer time: East Brunswick has held the statistical center of population title since the 2010 Census.... The U.S. Census runs the calculation every 10 years and it has wobbled around Middlesex County since 1880, straying just once since that time into Somerset County (Warren Township) in 1890. East Brunswick just barely held onto the population center in the 2020 Census calculations.... The new spot is on Hawk Court just off Milltown Road between the NJ Turnpike and Ryders Lane."</ref><ref>Stirling, Stephen. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/us_census_shows_nj_turnpike_in.html "U.S. Census shows East Brunswick as statistical center of N.J."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612191013/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/us_census_shows_nj_turnpike_in.html |date=June 12, 2018 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "For any of you who have ever lain awake at night asking: Where, oh where is the statistical center of New Jersey, there really is an answer. Nenninger Lane, East Brunswick. A few hundred feet into the woods along tiny Nenninger, a dead-end road beside the New Jersey Turnpike, sits the heart of the Garden State in terms of population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104035710/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72330691.html "East Brunswick, N.J., Represents State's Population Center."], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', March 27, 2001. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "And the center of New Jersey, according to 2000 census data, is a litter-strewn patch of woods on Milltown Road in East Brunswick. Demographers call it the 'center of population,' the place that would require the least amount of travel if all the state's 8.4 million residents were to converge on one spot.</ref> The state is located in the middle of the [[Northeast megalopolis]], which has more than 50 million residents.
New Jersey is the only state where every county is deemed [[urban area|urban]] as defined by the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Areas and Components, 1999, with FIPS codes |url=https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/99mfips.txt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510103542/https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/99mfips.txt |archive-date=May 10, 2009 |access-date=July 25, 2010}}</ref> Most residents live in the counties surrounding New York City, the nation's largest city, Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city, or along the eastern [[Jersey Shore]]; the extreme southern and northwestern counties are relatively less dense overall. Since the 2000 census, the [[United States Census Bureau]] calculated that New Jersey's [[center of population]] was located in [[East Brunswick, New Jersey|East Brunswick]].<ref>Sweilem, Amira. [https://www.nj.com/data/2022/11/njs-population-center-still-tilts-north-this-town-considers-it-a-badge-of-honor.html "N.J.'s population center still tilts north. This town considers it a badge of honor."], NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], November 27, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "Answer time: East Brunswick has held the statistical center of population title since the 2010 Census.... The U.S. Census runs the calculation every 10 years and it has wobbled around Middlesex County since 1880, straying just once since that time into Somerset County (Warren Township) in 1890. East Brunswick just barely held onto the population center in the 2020 Census calculations.... The new spot is on Hawk Court just off Milltown Road between the NJ Turnpike and Ryders Lane."</ref><ref>Stirling, Stephen. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/us_census_shows_nj_turnpike_in.html "U.S. Census shows East Brunswick as statistical center of N.J."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612191013/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/us_census_shows_nj_turnpike_in.html |date=June 12, 2018 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "For any of you who have ever lain awake at night asking: Where, oh where is the statistical center of New Jersey, there really is an answer. Nenninger Lane, East Brunswick. A few hundred feet into the woods along tiny Nenninger, a dead-end road beside the New Jersey Turnpike, sits the heart of the Garden State in terms of population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104035710/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72330691.html "East Brunswick, N.J., Represents State's Population Center."], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', March 27, 2001. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "And the center of New Jersey, according to 2000 census data, is a litter-strewn patch of woods on Milltown Road in East Brunswick. Demographers call it the 'center of population,' the place that would require the least amount of travel if all the state's 8.4 million residents were to converge on one spot.</ref> The state is located in the middle of the [[Northeast megalopolis]], which has more than 50 million residents.


As of 2019, New Jersey was the [[List of U.S. states and territories by income|third highest U.S. state]] measured by [[median household income]], behind [[Maryland]] and [[Massachusetts]];<ref name="NJMedianIncome">{{cite web |date=September 2018 |title=Household Income: 2017 |url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/acsbr17-01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119023522/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/acsbr17-01.pdf |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> the state's median household income was over $85,000 compared to the national average of roughly $65,000.<ref name="QF_table">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NJ,US/PST045221 |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey |access-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007211542/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NJ,US/PST045221 |url-status=live }}</ref> Conversely, New Jersey's poverty rate of 9.4% was slightly lower than the national average of 11.4%,<ref name="QF_table" /> and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate|sixth lowest of the fifty states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico]]. This is attributed to several factors, including the state's proximity to the major economic centers of New York City and [[Philadelphia]], its hosting the highest number of [[millionaire]]s both per capita and per square mile in the U.S., and the fact that it has the most [[scientist]]s and [[engineer]]s per square mile in the world.<ref name=NewJerseyHighestScientistsEngineersWorld>{{cite web |title=New Jersey |url=http://www.njss.org/about/nj.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019090041/http://www.njss.org/about/nj.php |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |access-date=October 19, 2013 |publisher=New Jersey State Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nature Jobs |title=Delaware / Hudson Valley Hot Spot for biotechnology |url=http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2001/010712/full/nj0021.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204220354/http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2001/010712/full/nj0021.html |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |work=Nature (journal)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2012 |title=New Jersey leads world in number of scientists, engineers per square mile |url=http://www.politifact.com/new-jersey/statements/2012/sep/06/choose-new-jersey/new-jersey-leads-world-number-scientists-engineers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040552/http://www.politifact.com/new-jersey/statements/2012/sep/06/choose-new-jersey/new-jersey-leads-world-number-scientists-engineers/ |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |access-date=January 5, 2014 |publisher=PolitiFact}}</ref>
As of 2019, New Jersey was the [[List of U.S. states and territories by income|third highest U.S. state]] measured by [[median household income]], behind [[Maryland]] and [[Massachusetts]];<ref name="NJMedianIncome">{{cite web |date=September 2018 |title=Household Income: 2017 |url=https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/acsbr17-01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119023522/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/acsbr17-01.pdf |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |access-date=February 5, 2019 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> the state's median household income was over $85,000 compared to the national average of roughly $65,000.<ref name="QF_table">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NJ,US/PST045221 |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey |access-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007211542/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NJ,US/PST045221 |url-status=live }}</ref> Conversely, New Jersey's poverty rate of 9.4% was slightly lower than the national average of 11.4%,<ref name="QF_table" /> and the [[List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate|sixth lowest of the fifty states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico]]. This is attributed to several factors, including the state's proximity to the major economic centers of New York City and Philadelphia, its hosting the highest number of [[millionaire]]s both per capita and per square mile in the U.S., and the fact that it has the most [[scientist]]s and [[engineer]]s per square mile in the world.<ref name=NewJerseyHighestScientistsEngineersWorld>{{cite web |title=New Jersey |url=http://www.njss.org/about/nj.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019090041/http://www.njss.org/about/nj.php |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |access-date=October 19, 2013 |publisher=New Jersey State Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Nature Jobs |title=Delaware / Hudson Valley Hot Spot for biotechnology |url=http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2001/010712/full/nj0021.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204220354/http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2001/010712/full/nj0021.html |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |work=Nature (journal)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 6, 2012 |title=New Jersey leads world in number of scientists, engineers per square mile |url=http://www.politifact.com/new-jersey/statements/2012/sep/06/choose-new-jersey/new-jersey-leads-world-number-scientists-engineers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040552/http://www.politifact.com/new-jersey/statements/2012/sep/06/choose-new-jersey/new-jersey-leads-world-number-scientists-engineers/ |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |access-date=January 5, 2014 |publisher=PolitiFact}}</ref>


According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 8,752 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in New Jersey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007–2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The top countries of origin for New Jersey's immigrants in 2018 were [[Indians in New Jersey|India]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], [[Ecuador]], and the [[Filipinos in New Jersey|Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf|title=Immigrants in New Jersey|access-date=May 10, 2024|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818073217/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 8,752 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in New Jersey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007–2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The top countries of origin for New Jersey's immigrants in 2018 were [[Indians in New Jersey|India]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], [[Ecuador]], and the [[Filipinos in New Jersey|Philippines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf|title=Immigrants in New Jersey|access-date=May 10, 2024|archive-date=August 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818073217/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 626: Line 626:
|}
|}
[[File:India Square JC jeh.JPG|thumb|[[India Square]] in the [[Marion Section]] of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] is home to the highest concentration of [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|Asian Indians]] in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref name="Kiniry, Laura 2006. pg. 3422">Kiniry, Laura. "Moon Handbooks New Jersey", Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006. pg. 34 {{ISBN|1-56691-949-5}}. Retrieved April 10, 2015.</ref>]]
[[File:India Square JC jeh.JPG|thumb|[[India Square]] in the [[Marion Section]] of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] is home to the highest concentration of [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|Asian Indians]] in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref name="Kiniry, Laura 2006. pg. 3422">Kiniry, Laura. "Moon Handbooks New Jersey", Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006. pg. 34 {{ISBN|1-56691-949-5}}. Retrieved April 10, 2015.</ref>]]
[[File:BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png|thumb|[[Bergen County, New Jersey#Korean American|Koreatown, Bergen County]], across the [[George Washington Bridge]] from [[New York City]]]]
[[File:BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png|thumb|[[Bergen County, New Jersey#Korean American|Koreatown, Bergen County]], across the [[George Washington Bridge]] from New York City]]
[[File:New Jersey Counties by metro area labeled.svg|thumb|upright|[[Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey|Metropolitan statistical areas and divisions of New Jersey]]; those shaded in blue are part of the [[New York City Metropolitan Area]], including [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]] and [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren]] counties. Counties shaded in green, including [[Atlantic County, New Jersey|Atlantic]], [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May]], and [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland]] counties, belong to the [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia Metropolitan Area]].{{Clarify|reason=Warren Mercer, Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland have colors that need explaining in the caption. "Warren County constitutes part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan statistical area," according to it's lead section. Why is this not accounted for?|date=July 2024}}]]
[[File:New Jersey Counties by metro area labeled.svg|thumb|upright|[[Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey|Metropolitan statistical areas and divisions of New Jersey]]; those shaded in blue are part of the [[New York City Metropolitan Area]], including [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer]] and [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren]] counties. Counties shaded in green, including [[Atlantic County, New Jersey|Atlantic]], [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May]], and [[Cumberland County, New Jersey|Cumberland]] counties, belong to the [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia Metropolitan Area]].{{Clarify|reason=Warren Mercer, Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland have colors that need explaining in the caption. "Warren County constitutes part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan statistical area," according to it's lead section. Why is this not accounted for?|date=July 2024}}]]


Line 810: Line 810:
File:Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg|[[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], sometimes known as Silk City,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patersonnj.gov/|title=City of Paterson—Silk City|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109161822/http://www.patersonnj.gov/|archive-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> has become a prime destination for an internationally diverse pool of immigrants,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|title=A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States|publisher=yumimmigrantcity.com|access-date=April 2, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004838/http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|archive-date=July 31, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta|title=Paterson's Bengali Community Takes Pride in Akhtaruzzaman's Upset Victory|author1=Joe Malinconico|author2=Charlie Kratovil|name-list-style=amp|magazine=The Alternative Press|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514190904/http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta|archive-date=May 14, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> with at least 52 distinct ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/political-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285|title=Political battle brewing over Paterson's plans for Hispanic Heritage Month event|author=Joe Malinconico|date=September 25, 2014|access-date=September 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926133042/http://www.northjersey.com/news/political-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285|archive-date=September 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg|[[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], sometimes known as Silk City,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patersonnj.gov/|title=City of Paterson—Silk City|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109161822/http://www.patersonnj.gov/|archive-date=November 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> has become a prime destination for an internationally diverse pool of immigrants,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|title=A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States|publisher=yumimmigrantcity.com|access-date=April 2, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004838/http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|archive-date=July 31, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta|title=Paterson's Bengali Community Takes Pride in Akhtaruzzaman's Upset Victory|author1=Joe Malinconico|author2=Charlie Kratovil|name-list-style=amp|magazine=The Alternative Press|date=May 9, 2012|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514190904/http://thealternativepress.com/articles/patersons-bengali-community-takes-pride-in-akhta|archive-date=May 14, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> with at least 52 distinct ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/political-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285|title=Political battle brewing over Paterson's plans for Hispanic Heritage Month event|author=Joe Malinconico|date=September 25, 2014|access-date=September 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926133042/http://www.northjersey.com/news/political-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285|archive-date=September 26, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Jersey City Skyline 2023 150 cropped.jpg|Skyscrapers in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], one of the most [[ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]] cities in the world<ref name=DiverseJC1>{{cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/02/jersey_city_named_most_ethnically_linguistically_d.html|title=Jersey City named most diverse city in America: report|author=Summer Dawn Hortillosa|work=The Jersey Journal|date=February 17, 2015|access-date=May 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518105950/http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/02/jersey_city_named_most_ethnically_linguistically_d.html|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=DiverseJC2>{{cite web|url=http://www.movoto.com/jersey-city-nj/jersey-city-facts/|title=53 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Jersey City|author=Spencer McKee|publisher=Movoto|access-date=May 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094715/http://www.movoto.com/jersey-city-nj/jersey-city-facts/|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Jersey City Skyline 2023 150 cropped.jpg|Skyscrapers in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], one of the most [[ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]] cities in the world<ref name=DiverseJC1>{{cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/02/jersey_city_named_most_ethnically_linguistically_d.html|title=Jersey City named most diverse city in America: report|author=Summer Dawn Hortillosa|work=The Jersey Journal|date=February 17, 2015|access-date=May 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518105950/http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/02/jersey_city_named_most_ethnically_linguistically_d.html|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=DiverseJC2>{{cite web|url=http://www.movoto.com/jersey-city-nj/jersey-city-facts/|title=53 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Jersey City|author=Spencer McKee|publisher=Movoto|access-date=May 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094715/http://www.movoto.com/jersey-city-nj/jersey-city-facts/|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:CamdenNJ FedCourt.jpg|Federal Courthouse in [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]], which is connected to [[Philadelphia]] via the [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge]] in the background
File:CamdenNJ FedCourt.jpg|Federal Courthouse in [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]], which is connected to Philadelphia via the [[Benjamin Franklin Bridge]] in the background
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 858: Line 858:
New Jersey is known for the high quality of its education. In 2024, New Jersey spent more per each public school student than any other U.S. state except [[New York (state)|New York]],  amounting to $26,600 spent per pupil;<ref name=NJHighEducationExpenditurePerPupil>{{cite web|url=https://educationdata.org/public-education-spending-statistics|title=Public K-12 Spending Per Student|author=Melanie Hanson|publisher=Education Data Initiative|date=July 14, 2024|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> Over 50% of the expenditure is allocated to student instruction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html|title=Education Spending Per Student by State|publisher=GOVERNING—e.Republic|access-date=March 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702004654/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html|archive-date=July 2, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
New Jersey is known for the high quality of its education. In 2024, New Jersey spent more per each public school student than any other U.S. state except [[New York (state)|New York]],  amounting to $26,600 spent per pupil;<ref name=NJHighEducationExpenditurePerPupil>{{cite web|url=https://educationdata.org/public-education-spending-statistics|title=Public K-12 Spending Per Student|author=Melanie Hanson|publisher=Education Data Initiative|date=July 14, 2024|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> Over 50% of the expenditure is allocated to student instruction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html|title=Education Spending Per Student by State|publisher=GOVERNING—e.Republic|access-date=March 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702004654/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html|archive-date=July 2, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


New Jersey is home to private universities including [[Princeton University]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]], one of the world's most prominent [[research university|research universities]], featured at the top of ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''{{'}}s national university rankings for the ninth consecutive year in 2024 as well as topping comparable lists by ''[[Forbes]]'' and  ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'',<ref name=PrincetonTopUniversityUSNews>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities|title=Best National University Rankings|work=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name=ForbesPrincetonTopUniversity>{{cite web|url=https://poetsandquants.com/2024/09/07/ranking-the-forbes-2024-2025-top-colleges-in-america/#:~:text=Princeton%2520University%2520was%2520ranked%2520the,%E2%80%9CAmerica's%2520Top%2520Colleges%E2%80%9D%2520ranking.|title=Ranking: The Forbes 2024-2025 Top Colleges in America|author=KRISTY BLEIZEFFER|publisher=Poets&Quants|date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 20, 2024|quote=For the second straight year, [[Princeton University]] tops the list in Forbes’ “America’s Top Colleges” ranking.}}</ref><ref name=WSJPrincetonTopUniversity>{{cite web|url=https://poetsandquantsforundergrads.com/news/wall-street-journals-2025-best-colleges-in-america/|title=Wall Street Journal's 2025 Best Colleges In America|author=KRISTY BLEIZEFFER|publisher=Poets&Quants|date=September 5, 2024|access-date=September 20, 2024|quote=Another U.S. college ranking, another first for [[Princeton University]].  Princeton topped Wall Street Journal/College Pulse’s 2025 Best Colleges in the U.S ranking, released today (September 5). It’s the second straight year Princeton has been WSJ’s top school — and it continues an impressive winning streak for the private Ivy in New Jersey.}}</ref> and public universities such as [[Rutgers University]], headquartered in [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]], [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County]], the state's flagship institution of higher education.<ref name="RutgersRef">{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/education/A_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html |title=Rutgers a 'world-class university', school president says at merger ceremony |author=Patricia Alex |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901190055/http://www.northjersey.com/news/education/A_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html |archive-date=September 1, 2013 }}</ref>
New Jersey is home to private universities including [[Princeton University]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[Mercer County, New Jersey|Mercer County]], one of the world's most prominent [[research university|research universities]], featured at the top of ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''{{'}}s national university rankings for the ninth consecutive year in 2024 as well as topping comparable lists by ''[[Forbes]]'' and  ''The Wall Street Journal'',<ref name=PrincetonTopUniversityUSNews>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities|title=Best National University Rankings|work=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name=ForbesPrincetonTopUniversity>{{cite web|url=https://poetsandquants.com/2024/09/07/ranking-the-forbes-2024-2025-top-colleges-in-america/#:~:text=Princeton%2520University%2520was%2520ranked%2520the,%E2%80%9CAmerica's%2520Top%2520Colleges%E2%80%9D%2520ranking.|title=Ranking: The Forbes 2024-2025 Top Colleges in America|author=KRISTY BLEIZEFFER|publisher=Poets&Quants|date=September 7, 2024|access-date=September 20, 2024|quote=For the second straight year, [[Princeton University]] tops the list in Forbes’ “America’s Top Colleges” ranking.}}</ref><ref name=WSJPrincetonTopUniversity>{{cite web|url=https://poetsandquantsforundergrads.com/news/wall-street-journals-2025-best-colleges-in-america/|title=Wall Street Journal's 2025 Best Colleges In America|author=KRISTY BLEIZEFFER|publisher=Poets&Quants|date=September 5, 2024|access-date=September 20, 2024|quote=Another U.S. college ranking, another first for [[Princeton University]].  Princeton topped Wall Street Journal/College Pulse’s 2025 Best Colleges in the U.S ranking, released today (September 5). It’s the second straight year Princeton has been WSJ’s top school — and it continues an impressive winning streak for the private Ivy in New Jersey.}}</ref> and public universities such as [[Rutgers University]], headquartered in [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]], [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County]], the state's flagship institution of higher education.<ref name="RutgersRef">{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/education/A_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html |title=Rutgers a 'world-class university', school president says at merger ceremony |author=Patricia Alex |date=July 2, 2013 |access-date=July 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901190055/http://www.northjersey.com/news/education/A_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html |archive-date=September 1, 2013 }}</ref>


In 2014, New Jersey's school systems were ranked at the top of all fifty U.S. states by financial website [[WalletHub]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html|title=New Jersey has the best school systems in U.S., report says|author=Alex Napoliello|publisher=New Jersey On-Line LLC|date=August 4, 2014|access-date=August 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805010719/http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html|archive-date=August 5, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, New Jersey's overall educational system was ranked second among all states to [[Massachusetts]] by ''U.S. News & World Report''.<ref name="U.S. News & World Report2"/> In 2019, 2020, and 2021, ''Education Week'' also ranked New Jersey public schools the best of all U.S. states.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-a-f-grades-rankings-for-states-on-school-quality/2021/09|title=Map: A-F Grades, Rankings for States on School Quality|newspaper=Education Week|date=September 1, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name="KellyHeyboer20202"/>
In 2014, New Jersey's school systems were ranked at the top of all fifty U.S. states by financial website [[WalletHub]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html|title=New Jersey has the best school systems in U.S., report says|author=Alex Napoliello|publisher=New Jersey On-Line LLC|date=August 4, 2014|access-date=August 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805010719/http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html|archive-date=August 5, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, New Jersey's overall educational system was ranked second among all states to [[Massachusetts]] by ''U.S. News & World Report''.<ref name="U.S. News & World Report2"/> In 2019, 2020, and 2021, ''Education Week'' also ranked New Jersey public schools the best of all U.S. states.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-a-f-grades-rankings-for-states-on-school-quality/2021/09|title=Map: A-F Grades, Rankings for States on School Quality|newspaper=Education Week|date=September 1, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name="KellyHeyboer20202"/>
Line 892: Line 892:
{{further|Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in New Jersey}}
{{further|Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in New Jersey}}
[[File:Cranberrys beim Ernten.jpeg|thumb|[[Cranberry]] harvest]]
[[File:Cranberrys beim Ernten.jpeg|thumb|[[Cranberry]] harvest]]
New Jersey's economy is multifaceted, featuring high levels of both [[productivity]] and [[retail|retail consumption]]; the Garden State's economy comprises the [[pharmaceutical industry]], [[biotechnology]], [[information technology]], the [[financial industry]], [[tourism]], [[filmmaking]], [[telecommunications]], [[gambling]], food processing, electrical equipment manufacturing, printing, and publishing. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njbiz.com/article/20170613/NJBIZ01/170619950/maersk-aims-to-shore-up-nj-shipping-industry-with-direct-financing-service.|title=Maersk aims to shore up N.J. shipping industry with direct financing service—NJBIZ|date=June 13, 2017|access-date=June 23, 2017|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804090212/http://www.njbiz.com/article/20170613/NJBIZ01/170619950/maersk-aims-to-shore-up-nj-shipping-industry-with-direct-financing-service.|url-status=live}}</ref> New Jersey ranks second among states in [[blueberry]] production, third in [[cranberry|cranberries]] and [[spinach]], and fourth in [[bell peppers]], [[peach]]es, and [[lettuce|head lettuce]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Judith H. Dobrzynski|title=A Garden Crawl Through the Garden State|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/garden/25garden.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 24, 2010|access-date=June 25, 2010|author-link=Judith H. Dobrzynski|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627041310/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/garden/25garden.html|archive-date=June 27, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The state harvests the fourth-largest number of acres planted with [[asparagus]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It's No Tomato, but a Stalk Gets Some Respect|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/nyregion/in-new-jersey-asparagus-takes-its-place-at-the-table.html#h|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 4, 2012|access-date=May 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508154350/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/nyregion/in-new-jersey-asparagus-takes-its-place-at-the-table.html#h|archive-date=May 8, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[South Jersey]] has become an [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast epicenter]] for [[logistics]] and [[warehouse]] construction.<ref name=SouthJerseyEastCoastLogisticsEpicenter>{{cite web|url=https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2021/05/warehouses-sprawl-northern-nj-central-nj-newmark-reports-greenfields/amp/|title=Report details surge in warehouse construction...|author=Jon Hurdle|publisher=NJ Spotlight News|date=May 13, 2021|access-date=January 3, 2023|quote=In South Jersey, the area has become the "epicenter" of warehouse construction in the greater Philadelphia region.|archive-date=July 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172509/https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2021/05/warehouses-sprawl-northern-nj-central-nj-newmark-reports-greenfields/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
New Jersey's economy is multifaceted, featuring high levels of both [[productivity]] and [[retail|retail consumption]]; the Garden State's economy comprises the [[pharmaceutical industry]], [[biotechnology]], [[information technology]], the [[financial industry]], [[tourism]], [[filmmaking]], [[telecommunications]], [[gambling]], food processing, electrical equipment manufacturing, printing, and publishing. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njbiz.com/article/20170613/NJBIZ01/170619950/maersk-aims-to-shore-up-nj-shipping-industry-with-direct-financing-service.|title=Maersk aims to shore up N.J. shipping industry with direct financing service—NJBIZ|date=June 13, 2017|access-date=June 23, 2017|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804090212/http://www.njbiz.com/article/20170613/NJBIZ01/170619950/maersk-aims-to-shore-up-nj-shipping-industry-with-direct-financing-service.|url-status=live}}</ref> New Jersey ranks second among states in [[blueberry]] production, third in [[cranberry|cranberries]] and [[spinach]], and fourth in [[bell peppers]], [[peach]]es, and [[lettuce|head lettuce]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Judith H. Dobrzynski|title=A Garden Crawl Through the Garden State|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/garden/25garden.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 24, 2010|access-date=June 25, 2010|author-link=Judith H. Dobrzynski|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627041310/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/garden/25garden.html|archive-date=June 27, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> The state harvests the fourth-largest number of acres planted with [[asparagus]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It's No Tomato, but a Stalk Gets Some Respect|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/nyregion/in-new-jersey-asparagus-takes-its-place-at-the-table.html#h|work=The New York Times|date=May 4, 2012|access-date=May 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508154350/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/nyregion/in-new-jersey-asparagus-takes-its-place-at-the-table.html#h|archive-date=May 8, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[South Jersey]] has become an [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast epicenter]] for [[logistics]] and [[warehouse]] construction.<ref name=SouthJerseyEastCoastLogisticsEpicenter>{{cite web|url=https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2021/05/warehouses-sprawl-northern-nj-central-nj-newmark-reports-greenfields/amp/|title=Report details surge in warehouse construction...|author=Jon Hurdle|publisher=NJ Spotlight News|date=May 13, 2021|access-date=January 3, 2023|quote=In South Jersey, the area has become the "epicenter" of warehouse construction in the greater Philadelphia region.|archive-date=July 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709172509/https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2021/05/warehouses-sprawl-northern-nj-central-nj-newmark-reports-greenfields/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


====Scientific economy====
====Scientific economy====
Line 912: Line 912:
In 1976, a [[referendum]] by Jersey voters approved [[casino]] gambling in Atlantic City, where the first legalized casino opened in 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://njmonthly.com/articles/towns_and_schools/history/30-and-counting-legalized-gambling.html|title=30 and Counting: Legalized Gambling|author=Brett Avery|website=New Jersey Monthly|date=February 5, 2008|access-date=October 24, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030001609/http://njmonthly.com/articles/towns_and_schools/history/30-and-counting-legalized-gambling.html|archive-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> At that time, [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] was the only other casino resort in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gambling Becomes Legal in New Jersey |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ejEeAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008,3062175&dq=gambling+in+new+jersey&hl=en |quote=The nation's only legal gambling casino outside Nevada won state approval Thursday night and planned Friday morning opening{{nbsp}}... |agency=Associated Press |date=May 26, 1978 |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713173036/http://www.newsweek.com/feature/2011/americas-best-high-schools.html |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}</ref> Today, several casinos lie along the Atlantic City [[Atlantic City#Boardwalk|Boardwalk]], the oldest and longest boardwalk in the world, at {{Convert|5+1/2|mi}} in length.<ref name=Oyster2015>{{cite web |last1=Fazzalaro |first1=Kristinna |title=The 9 Best Boardwalks in the USA |url=https://www.oyster.com/articles/the-9-best-boardwalks-in-the-u-s/ |website=Oyster |date=April 10, 2015 |access-date=January 25, 2022 |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125155933/https://www.oyster.com/articles/the-9-best-boardwalks-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Atlantic City experienced a dramatic contraction in its stature as a gambling destination after 2010, including the closure of multiple casinos since 2014, spurred by competition from the advent of legalized gambling in other northeastern U.S. states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philly.curbed.com/2016/8/4/12376514/trump-taj-mahal-closed-atlantic-city-casinos|title=The Shuttered Casinos of Atlantic City|author=Melissa Romero|date=August 4, 2016|access-date=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220150814/http://philly.curbed.com/2016/8/4/12376514/trump-taj-mahal-closed-atlantic-city-casinos|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/revel-had-wanted-to-shut-down-casino-on-monday-1.1068856|title=Revel had wanted to shut down casino on Monday|author=Wayne Parry, Associated Press|date=August 17, 2014|access-date=August 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903180728/http://www.northjersey.com/news/revel-had-wanted-to-shut-down-casino-on-monday-1.1068856|archive-date=September 3, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1976, a [[referendum]] by Jersey voters approved [[casino]] gambling in Atlantic City, where the first legalized casino opened in 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://njmonthly.com/articles/towns_and_schools/history/30-and-counting-legalized-gambling.html|title=30 and Counting: Legalized Gambling|author=Brett Avery|website=New Jersey Monthly|date=February 5, 2008|access-date=October 24, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030001609/http://njmonthly.com/articles/towns_and_schools/history/30-and-counting-legalized-gambling.html|archive-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> At that time, [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] was the only other casino resort in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gambling Becomes Legal in New Jersey |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ejEeAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008,3062175&dq=gambling+in+new+jersey&hl=en |quote=The nation's only legal gambling casino outside Nevada won state approval Thursday night and planned Friday morning opening{{nbsp}}... |agency=Associated Press |date=May 26, 1978 |access-date=November 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713173036/http://www.newsweek.com/feature/2011/americas-best-high-schools.html |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}</ref> Today, several casinos lie along the Atlantic City [[Atlantic City#Boardwalk|Boardwalk]], the oldest and longest boardwalk in the world, at {{Convert|5+1/2|mi}} in length.<ref name=Oyster2015>{{cite web |last1=Fazzalaro |first1=Kristinna |title=The 9 Best Boardwalks in the USA |url=https://www.oyster.com/articles/the-9-best-boardwalks-in-the-u-s/ |website=Oyster |date=April 10, 2015 |access-date=January 25, 2022 |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125155933/https://www.oyster.com/articles/the-9-best-boardwalks-in-the-u-s/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Atlantic City experienced a dramatic contraction in its stature as a gambling destination after 2010, including the closure of multiple casinos since 2014, spurred by competition from the advent of legalized gambling in other northeastern U.S. states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philly.curbed.com/2016/8/4/12376514/trump-taj-mahal-closed-atlantic-city-casinos|title=The Shuttered Casinos of Atlantic City|author=Melissa Romero|date=August 4, 2016|access-date=December 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220150814/http://philly.curbed.com/2016/8/4/12376514/trump-taj-mahal-closed-atlantic-city-casinos|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/revel-had-wanted-to-shut-down-casino-on-monday-1.1068856|title=Revel had wanted to shut down casino on Monday|author=Wayne Parry, Associated Press|date=August 17, 2014|access-date=August 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903180728/http://www.northjersey.com/news/revel-had-wanted-to-shut-down-casino-on-monday-1.1068856|archive-date=September 3, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>


On February 26, 2013, Governor Chris Christie signed [[online gambling]] into law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/02/gov_christie_signs_internet_ga.html|title=Gov. Christie signs internet gambling into law|author=Ryan Hutchins|date=February 27, 2013|work=[[The Star (Christchurch)|The Star]]-Ledger|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306012127/http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/02/gov_christie_signs_internet_ga.html|archive-date=March 6, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sports betting]] has become a growing source of gambling revenue in New Jersey, with sportsbooks bringing in almost $12 billion in bets, making over $1 billion in revenue in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molter |first=Michael |date=January 24, 2024 |title=New Jersey Sportsbooks Edge Near $12 Billion For 2023 |url=https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/new-jersey-sportsbooks-edge-near-12-billion-for-2023-01-24-2024/ |access-date=January 25, 2024 |website=LegalSportsBetting.com |language=en-US |archive-date=January 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125012331/https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/new-jersey-sportsbooks-edge-near-12-billion-for-2023-01-24-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Since being legalized across the nation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] on May 14, 2018, New Jersey led all states in sports betting handle until New York passed them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html|title=Supreme Court lets states legalize sports gambling|author=Ariane de Vogue and Maegan Vazquez|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=May 14, 2018|access-date=May 9, 2019|quote=The 6–3 ruling is a victory for New Jersey and other states who have considered allowing sports gambling as a way to encourage tourism and tax revenue.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514002620/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html|archive-date=May 14, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/betting/2022/07/01/sportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states|title=New York Leads States in May Sportsbook Handle|author=Frankie Tadded|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=July 1, 2022|access-date=February 18, 2023|quote=New York posted the highest sportsbook handle for May, followed by New Jersey, Nevada and Pennsylvania.|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218082411/https://www.si.com/betting/2022/07/01/sportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2022, the lifetime revenue from [[online casinos]] operating in New Jersey for the nine years since the industry's launch had surpassed $5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Online Gambling is Poised for Expansion|url=https://apnews.com/article/sports-new-jersey-illinois-atlantic-city-2287780f1d9aa12f59cf0ced1f25fca2|date=September 23, 2022|access-date=January 23, 2023|website=APNews|language=en-US|archive-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123141339/https://apnews.com/article/sports-new-jersey-illinois-atlantic-city-2287780f1d9aa12f59cf0ced1f25fca2|url-status=live}}</ref>
On February 26, 2013, Governor Chris Christie signed [[online gambling]] into law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/02/gov_christie_signs_internet_ga.html|title=Gov. Christie signs internet gambling into law|author=Ryan Hutchins|date=February 27, 2013|work=[[The Star (Christchurch)|The Star]]-Ledger|access-date=April 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306012127/http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/02/gov_christie_signs_internet_ga.html|archive-date=March 6, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sports betting]] has become a growing source of gambling revenue in New Jersey, with sportsbooks bringing in almost $12 billion in bets, making over $1 billion in revenue in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molter |first=Michael |date=January 24, 2024 |title=New Jersey Sportsbooks Edge Near $12 Billion For 2023 |url=https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/new-jersey-sportsbooks-edge-near-12-billion-for-2023-01-24-2024/ |access-date=January 25, 2024 |website=LegalSportsBetting.com |language=en-US |archive-date=January 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125012331/https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/new-jersey-sportsbooks-edge-near-12-billion-for-2023-01-24-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Since being legalized across the nation by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] on May 14, 2018, New Jersey led all states in sports betting handle until New York passed them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html|title=Supreme Court lets states legalize sports gambling|author=Ariane de Vogue and Maegan Vazquez|publisher=CNN|date=May 14, 2018|access-date=May 9, 2019|quote=The 6–3 ruling is a victory for New Jersey and other states who have considered allowing sports gambling as a way to encourage tourism and tax revenue.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514002620/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html|archive-date=May 14, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/betting/2022/07/01/sportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states|title=New York Leads States in May Sportsbook Handle|author=Frankie Tadded|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=July 1, 2022|access-date=February 18, 2023|quote=New York posted the highest sportsbook handle for May, followed by New Jersey, Nevada and Pennsylvania.|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218082411/https://www.si.com/betting/2022/07/01/sportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2022, the lifetime revenue from [[online casinos]] operating in New Jersey for the nine years since the industry's launch had surpassed $5 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Online Gambling is Poised for Expansion|url=https://apnews.com/article/sports-new-jersey-illinois-atlantic-city-2287780f1d9aa12f59cf0ced1f25fca2|date=September 23, 2022|access-date=January 23, 2023|website=APNews|language=en-US|archive-date=January 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123141339/https://apnews.com/article/sports-new-jersey-illinois-atlantic-city-2287780f1d9aa12f59cf0ced1f25fca2|url-status=live}}</ref>


====Media====
====Media====
Line 980: Line 980:
{{See also|State highways in New Jersey}}
{{See also|State highways in New Jersey}}
[[File:Map of New Jersey NA.png|thumb|Map of New Jersey's major transportation networks and cities]]
[[File:Map of New Jersey NA.png|thumb|Map of New Jersey's major transportation networks and cities]]
[[File:George Washington Bridge from New Jersey-edit.jpg|thumb|The [[George Washington Bridge]], connecting [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]] (foreground) in [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] across the [[Hudson River]] to [[New York City]] (background), is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="panynj.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|access-date=March 10, 2014|title=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge|publisher=The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920192211/http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|archive-date=September 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=abcgwb>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|title=GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge|author1=Bod Woodruff|author2=Lana Zak|author3=Stephanie Wash|name-list-style=amp|publisher=ABC News|date=November 20, 2012|access-date=March 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928002159/http://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:George Washington Bridge from New Jersey-edit.jpg|thumb|The [[George Washington Bridge]], connecting [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]] (foreground) in [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] across the [[Hudson River]] to New York City (background), is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="panynj.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|access-date=March 10, 2014|title=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge|publisher=The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920192211/http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|archive-date=September 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=abcgwb>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|title=GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge|author1=Bod Woodruff|author2=Lana Zak|author3=Stephanie Wash|name-list-style=amp|publisher=ABC News|date=November 20, 2012|access-date=March 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928002159/http://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|archive-date=September 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>]]


The [[New Jersey Turnpike]] is one of the most prominent and heavily trafficked roadways in the United States. This [[toll road]], which overlaps with [[Interstate 95 in New Jersey|Interstate 95]] for much of its length, carries traffic between [[Delaware]] and New York, and up and down the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] in general. Commonly referred to as simply "the Turnpike", it is known for its numerous [[rest area]]s named after prominent New Jerseyans.
The [[New Jersey Turnpike]] is one of the most prominent and heavily trafficked roadways in the United States. This [[toll road]], which overlaps with [[Interstate 95 in New Jersey|Interstate 95]] for much of its length, carries traffic between [[Delaware]] and New York, and up and down the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] in general. Commonly referred to as simply "the Turnpike", it is known for its numerous [[rest area]]s named after prominent New Jerseyans.
Line 1,003: Line 1,003:
[[File:Hudson bergen exchange place.jpg|thumb|Two [[Hudson–Bergen Light Rail]] trains in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]]]
[[File:Hudson bergen exchange place.jpg|thumb|Two [[Hudson–Bergen Light Rail]] trains in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]]]
[[File:MVCapeHenlopen.jpg|thumb|[[Cape May–Lewes Ferry]] connects New Jersey and [[Delaware]] across [[Delaware Bay]].]]
[[File:MVCapeHenlopen.jpg|thumb|[[Cape May–Lewes Ferry]] connects New Jersey and [[Delaware]] across [[Delaware Bay]].]]
[[NJ Transit]] operates extensive rail and bus service throughout the state. A state-run corporation, it began with the consolidation of several private bus companies in [[North Jersey]] in 1979. In the early 1980s, it acquired [[Conrail]]'s commuter train operations that connected suburban towns to New York City. NJ Transit has [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|12 rail lines]] that run through different parts of the state and 165 stations statewide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NJT Facts at a Glance |url=https://www.njtransit.com/about/facts-glance |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=May 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516055259/https://www.njtransit.com/about/facts-glance |url-status=live }}</ref> Most of the lines end at either [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] in New York City or [[Hoboken Terminal]] in [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], although some lines serve service to both terminal stations. One line provides service between [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] and [[Philadelphia]].
[[NJ Transit]] operates extensive rail and bus service throughout the state. A state-run corporation, it began with the consolidation of several private bus companies in [[North Jersey]] in 1979. In the early 1980s, it acquired [[Conrail]]'s commuter train operations that connected suburban towns to New York City. NJ Transit has [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|12 rail lines]] that run through different parts of the state and 165 stations statewide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NJT Facts at a Glance |url=https://www.njtransit.com/about/facts-glance |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=May 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516055259/https://www.njtransit.com/about/facts-glance |url-status=live }}</ref> Most of the lines end at either [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] in New York City or [[Hoboken Terminal]] in [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], although some lines serve service to both terminal stations. One line provides service between [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] and Philadelphia.


NJ Transit also operates three [[light rail]] systems in the state. The [[Hudson-Bergen Light Rail]] connects [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]] to [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]], through [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]. The [[Newark Light Rail]] is partially underground, and connects downtown [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] with other parts of the city and its suburbs, [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]] and [[Bloomfield, New Jersey|Bloomfield]]. The [[River Line (New Jersey Transit)|River Line]] connects [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], and [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]].
NJ Transit also operates three [[light rail]] systems in the state. The [[Hudson-Bergen Light Rail]] connects [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]] to [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]], through [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]. The [[Newark Light Rail]] is partially underground, and connects downtown [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] with other parts of the city and its suburbs, [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]] and [[Bloomfield, New Jersey|Bloomfield]]. The [[River Line (New Jersey Transit)|River Line]] connects [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], and [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]].
Line 1,233: Line 1,233:
The [[Faulkner Act (New Jersey)|Faulkner Act]], originally enacted in 1950 and substantially amended in 1981, offers four basic plans: [[Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)|Mayor-Council]], [[Faulkner Act (Council-Manager)|Council-Manager]], [[Faulkner Act (Small Municipality)|Small Municipality]], and [[Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council-Administrator)|Mayor-Council-Administrator]]. The act provides many choices for communities with a preference for a strong executive and professional management of municipal affairs and offers great flexibility in allowing municipalities to select the characteristics of its government: the number of seats on the council; seats selected at-large, by wards, or through a combination of both; staggered or concurrent terms of office; and a mayor chosen by the council or elected directly by voters. Most large municipalities and a majority of New Jersey's residents are governed by municipalities with Faulkner Act charters. Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a [[Special Charter (New Jersey)|Special Charter]] with the approval of the [[New Jersey Legislature]].<ref>Cerra, Michael F. [https://www.njlm.org/809/3982/Forms-of-Govt-Magazine-Article "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716084544/https://www.njlm.org/809/3982/Forms-of-Govt-Magazine-Article |date=July 16, 2022 }}, [[New Jersey State League of Municipalities]], March 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</ref>
The [[Faulkner Act (New Jersey)|Faulkner Act]], originally enacted in 1950 and substantially amended in 1981, offers four basic plans: [[Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)|Mayor-Council]], [[Faulkner Act (Council-Manager)|Council-Manager]], [[Faulkner Act (Small Municipality)|Small Municipality]], and [[Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council-Administrator)|Mayor-Council-Administrator]]. The act provides many choices for communities with a preference for a strong executive and professional management of municipal affairs and offers great flexibility in allowing municipalities to select the characteristics of its government: the number of seats on the council; seats selected at-large, by wards, or through a combination of both; staggered or concurrent terms of office; and a mayor chosen by the council or elected directly by voters. Most large municipalities and a majority of New Jersey's residents are governed by municipalities with Faulkner Act charters. Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a [[Special Charter (New Jersey)|Special Charter]] with the approval of the [[New Jersey Legislature]].<ref>Cerra, Michael F. [https://www.njlm.org/809/3982/Forms-of-Govt-Magazine-Article "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716084544/https://www.njlm.org/809/3982/Forms-of-Govt-Magazine-Article |date=July 16, 2022 }}, [[New Jersey State League of Municipalities]], March 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</ref>


While municipalities retain their names derived from types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public. For example, though there are four municipalities that are officially of the village type, none use the village form of government. [[Loch Arbour, New Jersey|Loch Arbour]] and [[Ridgefield Park, New Jersey|Ridgefield Park]] (now with a Walsh Act form), [[Ridgewood, New Jersey|Ridgewood]] (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter) and [[South Orange, New Jersey|South Orange]] (now operates under a [[Special Charter (New Jersey)|Special Charter]]) all migrated to other non-village forms.<ref>Liberman, Si. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/10/nyregion/loch-arbour-journal-to-educate-its-children-a-village-pays-and-pays.html "Loch Arbour Journal; To Educate Its Children, a Village Pays and Pays"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715155014/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/10/nyregion/loch-arbour-journal-to-educate-its-children-a-village-pays-and-pays.html |date=July 15, 2022 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 10, 1993. Retrieved July 15, 2022. "These concerns led to approval of a referendum that created what today is New Jersey's only municipality organized as a village. (South Orange, Ridgewood and Ridgefield Park call themselves villages, but have different municipal governments.)"</ref><ref>Shields, Nancy. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98717297/loch-arbour-changes-from-village-form/ "Loch Arbour to change government; staying village for now; Will switch from five-member board of trustees to three-member board of commissioners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208010738/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98717297/loch-arbour-changes-from-village-form/ |date=February 8, 2023 }}, ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', December 21, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2023, via [[Newspapers.com]]. "Village residents Tuesday voted 51–35 to change its form of government from a five-member board of trustees to a three-member board of commissioners. The vote in the special election means that Loch Arbour is still a village, at least for now, but the town will have three commissioners elected at the same time every four years.... The special election to change the form of government under the Walsh Act is part of a number of steps being taken in search of an answer to a very high school-tax bill, which residents were forced to take on after the state in 2008 ended a special financial deal the village worked out with Ocean Township a decade ago to keep school taxes low."</ref>
While municipalities retain their names derived from types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public. For example, though there are four municipalities that are officially of the village type, none use the village form of government. [[Loch Arbour, New Jersey|Loch Arbour]] and [[Ridgefield Park, New Jersey|Ridgefield Park]] (now with a Walsh Act form), [[Ridgewood, New Jersey|Ridgewood]] (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter) and [[South Orange, New Jersey|South Orange]] (now operates under a [[Special Charter (New Jersey)|Special Charter]]) all migrated to other non-village forms.<ref>Liberman, Si. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/10/nyregion/loch-arbour-journal-to-educate-its-children-a-village-pays-and-pays.html "Loch Arbour Journal; To Educate Its Children, a Village Pays and Pays"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715155014/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/10/nyregion/loch-arbour-journal-to-educate-its-children-a-village-pays-and-pays.html |date=July 15, 2022 }}, ''The New York Times'', October 10, 1993. Retrieved July 15, 2022. "These concerns led to approval of a referendum that created what today is New Jersey's only municipality organized as a village. (South Orange, Ridgewood and Ridgefield Park call themselves villages, but have different municipal governments.)"</ref><ref>Shields, Nancy. [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98717297/loch-arbour-changes-from-village-form/ "Loch Arbour to change government; staying village for now; Will switch from five-member board of trustees to three-member board of commissioners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208010738/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98717297/loch-arbour-changes-from-village-form/ |date=February 8, 2023 }}, ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', December 21, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2023, via [[Newspapers.com]]. "Village residents Tuesday voted 51–35 to change its form of government from a five-member board of trustees to a three-member board of commissioners. The vote in the special election means that Loch Arbour is still a village, at least for now, but the town will have three commissioners elected at the same time every four years.... The special election to change the form of government under the Walsh Act is part of a number of steps being taken in search of an answer to a very high school-tax bill, which residents were forced to take on after the state in 2008 ended a special financial deal the village worked out with Ocean Township a decade ago to keep school taxes low."</ref>


===Politics===
===Politics===
Line 1,262: Line 1,262:
}}
}}


New Jersey is a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] stronghold. [[New Jersey Democratic State Committee|New Jersey Democrats]] have majority control of both houses of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] (Senate, 24–16, and Assembly, 46–34), 9–3 split of the state's twelve seats in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], and both [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] seats. There have been recent Republican governors, however: [[Christine Todd Whitman]] won election in 1993 and 1997 and [[Chris Christie]] in 2009 and 2013.
New Jersey is a Democratic stronghold. [[New Jersey Democratic State Committee|New Jersey Democrats]] have majority control of both houses of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] (Senate, 24–16, and Assembly, 46–34), 9–3 split of the state's twelve seats in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], and both [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] seats. There have been recent Republican governors, however: [[Christine Todd Whitman]] won election in 1993 and 1997 and [[Chris Christie]] in 2009 and 2013.


In federal elections, the state leans heavily towards the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], having last voted for a Republican for president in 1988. New Jersey was a crucial [[swing state]] in the elections of [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]], [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], and [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]. The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was [[Clifford P. Case]] in 1979. Newark Mayor [[Cory Booker]] was elected in October 2013 to join [[Bob Menendez|Robert Menendez]] to make New Jersey the first state with concurrently serving black and Latino U.S. senators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/10/booker_and_menendez_form_historic_duo_as_first_black_and_latino_senators_from_the_same_state.html|title=Booker and Menendez form historic duo as first black and Latino senators from the same state|author=David Giambusso|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|date=October 20, 2013|access-date=October 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021101504/http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/10/booker_and_menendez_form_historic_duo_as_first_black_and_latino_senators_from_the_same_state.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
In federal elections, the state leans heavily towards the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], having last voted for a Republican for president in 1988. New Jersey was a crucial [[swing state]] in the elections of [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]], [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]], and [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]. The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was [[Clifford P. Case]] in 1979. Newark Mayor [[Cory Booker]] was elected in October 2013 to join [[Bob Menendez|Robert Menendez]] to make New Jersey the first state with concurrently serving black and Latino U.S. senators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/10/booker_and_menendez_form_historic_duo_as_first_black_and_latino_senators_from_the_same_state.html|title=Booker and Menendez form historic duo as first black and Latino senators from the same state|author=David Giambusso|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|date=October 20, 2013|access-date=October 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021101504/http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/10/booker_and_menendez_form_historic_duo_as_first_black_and_latino_senators_from_the_same_state.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
Line 1,275: Line 1,275:
{{Main|Capital punishment in New Jersey}}
{{Main|Capital punishment in New Jersey}}


On December 17, 2007, Governor Jon Corzine signed into law a bill that would eliminate the death penalty in New Jersey. New Jersey was the first state to pass such legislation since [[Iowa]] and [[West Virginia]] eliminated executions in 1965.<ref>Hester Jr., Tom (2007), [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22296966 "N.J. Bans Death Penalty"], Associated Press</ref> Corzine also signed a bill that would downgrade the Death Row prisoners' sentences from "Death" to "Life in Prison with No Parole".<ref>Peters, Jeremy W. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/18/nyregion/18death.html?pagewanted=print Corzine Signs Bill Ending Executions, Then Commutes Sentences of Eight]".{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701054225/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/18/nyregion/18death.html?pagewanted=print |date=July 1, 2017 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''. December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2009.</ref>
On December 17, 2007, Governor Jon Corzine signed into law a bill that would eliminate the death penalty in New Jersey. New Jersey was the first state to pass such legislation since [[Iowa]] and [[West Virginia]] eliminated executions in 1965.<ref>Hester Jr., Tom (2007), [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22296966 "N.J. Bans Death Penalty"], Associated Press</ref> Corzine also signed a bill that would downgrade the Death Row prisoners' sentences from "Death" to "Life in Prison with No Parole".<ref>Peters, Jeremy W. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/18/nyregion/18death.html?pagewanted=print Corzine Signs Bill Ending Executions, Then Commutes Sentences of Eight]".{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701054225/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/18/nyregion/18death.html?pagewanted=print |date=July 1, 2017 }} ''The New York Times''. December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2009.</ref>


==Points of interest==
==Points of interest==
Retrieved from ‘https://openusaproject.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/11024...29622’