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|ProgramName=Fulbright Program | |ProgramName=Fulbright Program | ||
|ProgramType=Program | |ProgramType=Program | ||
|OrgSponsor= | |OrgSponsor=Department of State | ||
|CreationLegislation= | |CreationLegislation=Fulbright Act of 1946 | ||
| | |Purpose=To increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries through educational exchange. The program facilitates cultural exchange by enabling participants to study, teach, or conduct research abroad. | ||
|Website=https://fulbrightprogram.org | |Website=https://fulbrightprogram.org | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Fulbright Program''', including the '''Fulbright–Hays Program''', is one of several [[United States cultural exchange programs]] with the goal of improving [[intercultural relations]], [[cultural diplomacy]], and [[intercultural competence]] between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. Via the program, competitively-selected [[American citizen]]s including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists, and artists may receive scholarships or [[Grant (money)|grants]] to study, conduct research, teach, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. | The '''Fulbright Program''', including the '''Fulbright–Hays Program''', is one of several [[United States cultural exchange programs]] with the goal of improving [[intercultural relations]], [[cultural diplomacy]], and [[intercultural competence]] between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. Via the program, competitively-selected [[American citizen]]s including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists, and artists may receive scholarships or [[Grant (money)|grants]] to study, conduct research, teach, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. | ||
The program was founded by | The program was founded by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946 and has been considered one of the most prestigious scholarships in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/the-scholarship-coach/2011/11/25/get-noticed-through-prestigious-scholarships | title=Get Noticed Through Prestigious Scholarships | publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]] | date=November 25, 2011 | access-date=March 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204800/https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/the-scholarship-coach/2011/11/25/get-noticed-through-prestigious-scholarships | archive-date=March 22, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> The program provides approximately 8,000 grants annually, comprising roughly 1,600 grants to U.S. students, 1,200 to U.S. scholars, 4,000 to foreign students, 900 to foreign visiting scholars, and several hundred to teachers and professionals.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.cies.org/about-us | title=Fulbright Scholar Program: About Us | publisher=Comparative and International Education Society | access-date=June 23, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621065912/http://www.cies.org/about-us | archive-date=June 21, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations such as the [[Institute of International Education]] and operates in over 160 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite web | title=IIE Programs | publisher=Institute of International Education | url=http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs | access-date=July 28, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728221410/http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs | archive-date=July 28, 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] of the [[U.S. Department of State]] sponsors the Fulbright Program and receives funding from the [[United States Congress]] via annual [[appropriation bill]]s. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S.<ref name="Fulbright Program Fact Sheet">{{cite web|title = Fulbright Program Fact Sheet|publisher = U.S. Department of State|url = http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf|access-date = December 16, 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140923171523/http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf|archive-date = September 23, 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> In 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries that have an active program but no Fulbright Commission, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 370,000 people have participated in the program since it began; 62 Fulbright alumni have won [[Nobel Prizes]]; 88 have won [[Pulitzer Prize]]s.<ref name=notable>{{cite web | url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters | title=Notable Fulbrighters | publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]] | access-date=October 27, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020011716/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters | archive-date=October 20, 2022 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/that-knock-on-a-congressmans-door-could-be-a-fulbright-scholar-with-a-tin-cup/2017/06/08/06aa1984-4baf-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html | title=That knock on a congressman's door could be a Fulbright scholar with a tin cup | first=Carol | last=Morello | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 8, 2017 | access-date=June 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141802/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/that-knock-on-a-congressmans-door-could-be-a-fulbright-scholar-with-a-tin-cup/2017/06/08/06aa1984-4baf-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html | archive-date=June 12, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> | The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations such as the [[Institute of International Education]] and operates in over 160 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite web | title=IIE Programs | publisher=Institute of International Education | url=http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs | access-date=July 28, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728221410/http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs | archive-date=July 28, 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] of the [[U.S. Department of State]] sponsors the Fulbright Program and receives funding from the [[United States Congress]] via annual [[appropriation bill]]s. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S.<ref name="Fulbright Program Fact Sheet">{{cite web|title = Fulbright Program Fact Sheet|publisher = U.S. Department of State|url = http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf|access-date = December 16, 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140923171523/http://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf|archive-date = September 23, 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> In 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries that have an active program but no Fulbright Commission, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 370,000 people have participated in the program since it began; 62 Fulbright alumni have won [[Nobel Prizes]]; 88 have won [[Pulitzer Prize]]s.<ref name=notable>{{cite web | url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters | title=Notable Fulbrighters | publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]] | access-date=October 27, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020011716/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters | archive-date=October 20, 2022 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/that-knock-on-a-congressmans-door-could-be-a-fulbright-scholar-with-a-tin-cup/2017/06/08/06aa1984-4baf-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html | title=That knock on a congressman's door could be a Fulbright scholar with a tin cup | first=Carol | last=Morello | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 8, 2017 | access-date=June 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141802/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/that-knock-on-a-congressmans-door-could-be-a-fulbright-scholar-with-a-tin-cup/2017/06/08/06aa1984-4baf-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html | archive-date=June 12, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
{{Quote|The Fulbright Program's mission is to bring a little more knowledge, a little more reason, and a little more compassion into world affairs and thereby increase the chance that nations will learn at last to live in peace and friendship.<ref>{{cite web |title=J. William Fulbright Quotes |url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright/j-william-fulbright-quotes |publisher=[[Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=June 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142716/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright/j-william-fulbright-quotes |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>|sign=Senator [[J. William Fulbright]]}} | {{Quote|The Fulbright Program's mission is to bring a little more knowledge, a little more reason, and a little more compassion into world affairs and thereby increase the chance that nations will learn at last to live in peace and friendship.<ref>{{cite web |title=J. William Fulbright Quotes |url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright/j-william-fulbright-quotes |publisher=[[Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=June 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142716/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright/j-william-fulbright-quotes |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>|sign=Senator [[J. William Fulbright]]}} | ||
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{{Quote|Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright |title=Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs: About Fulbright |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs |access-date=June 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609035428/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright |archive-date=June 9, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>|sign=Senator [[J. William Fulbright]]}} | {{Quote|Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright |title=Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs: About Fulbright |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs |access-date=June 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609035428/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright |archive-date=June 9, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>|sign=Senator [[J. William Fulbright]]}} | ||
The Fulbright Program exchanges scholars and students with numerous countries in bilateral partnerships managed by commissions for each country. It provides funding for U.S. persons to visit other countries in the U.S. Student Program, U.S. Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, and others, and enables foreign nationals to visit the United States in programs such as the Foreign Student Program, Visiting Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program. | The Fulbright Program exchanges scholars and students with numerous countries in bilateral partnerships managed by commissions for each country. It provides funding for U.S. persons to visit other countries in the [[U.S. Student Program]], [[U.S. Scholar Program]], [[Teacher Exchange Program]], and others, and enables foreign nationals to visit the United States in programs such as the [[Foreign Student Program]], [[Visiting Scholar Program]], [[Teacher Exchange Program]]. | ||
Candidates recommended for Fulbright grants have high academic achievement, a compelling project proposal or statement of purpose, demonstrated leadership potential, and flexibility and adaptability to interact successfully with the host community. | Candidates recommended for Fulbright grants have high academic achievement, a compelling project proposal or statement of purpose, demonstrated leadership potential, and flexibility and adaptability to interact successfully with the host community. | ||
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=== Student grants === | === Student grants === | ||
* The Fulbright Degree Program funds graduate education for international students wanting to study in the United States. Students apply for the scholarship in their home country and after a long process, they can pursue a Masters or Ph.D. program in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.scholarden.com/fulbright-scholarship/fulbright-scholarship-2020-step-wise-guide/|title=Fulbright Scholarship 2020 – Step-Wise Guide {{!}} Scholar Den|last=admin|date=February 16, 2020|website=SD GRE Blog|language=en|access-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219051618/https://blog.scholarden.com/fulbright-scholarship/fulbright-scholarship-2020-step-wise-guide/|archive-date=February 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> | * The [[Fulbright Degree Program]] funds graduate education for international students wanting to study in the United States. Students apply for the scholarship in their home country and after a long process, they can pursue a Masters or Ph.D. program in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.scholarden.com/fulbright-scholarship/fulbright-scholarship-2020-step-wise-guide/|title=Fulbright Scholarship 2020 – Step-Wise Guide {{!}} Scholar Den|last=admin|date=February 16, 2020|website=SD GRE Blog|language=en|access-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219051618/https://blog.scholarden.com/fulbright-scholarship/fulbright-scholarship-2020-step-wise-guide/|archive-date=February 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
* The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating college seniors, graduate students, young professionals, and artists to research, study, or teach English abroad for one academic year. The program facilitates cultural exchange through direct interaction on an individual basis in the classroom, field, home, and in routine tasks, allowing the grantee to gain an appreciation of others' viewpoints and beliefs, the way they do things, and the way they think. The application period opens in the spring of each year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berkey|first=Ayden|date=October 30, 2020|title=Fulbright U.S. Student Program|url=https://accessscholarships.com/scholarship/fulbright-u-s-student-program|website=Access Scholarships}}</ref> Since the inaugural class in 1949, [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Yale]], | * The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating college seniors, graduate students, young professionals, and artists to research, study, or teach English abroad for one academic year. The program facilitates cultural exchange through direct interaction on an individual basis in the classroom, field, home, and in routine tasks, allowing the grantee to gain an appreciation of others' viewpoints and beliefs, the way they do things, and the way they think. The application period opens in the spring of each year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berkey|first=Ayden|date=October 30, 2020|title=Fulbright U.S. Student Program|url=https://accessscholarships.com/scholarship/fulbright-u-s-student-program|website=Access Scholarships}}</ref> Since the inaugural class in 1949, [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Yale]], Berkeley, Columbia, and Michigan have been the top producers of U.S. Student Program scholars. Michigan has been the leading producer since 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/|title=Top Producing Institutions|website=us.fulbrightonline.org|access-date=November 4, 2020}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
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{{Reflist|group=a}} | {{Reflist|group=a}} | ||
* The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals, and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study. | * The [[Fulbright Foreign Student Program]] enables graduate students, young professionals, and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study. | ||
* The Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program provides opportunities for young English teachers from overseas to refine their teaching skills and broaden their knowledge of U.S. culture and society while strengthening the instruction of foreign languages at colleges and universities in the United States. | * The [[Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program]] provides opportunities for young English teachers from overseas to refine their teaching skills and broaden their knowledge of U.S. culture and society while strengthening the instruction of foreign languages at colleges and universities in the United States. | ||
* The International Fulbright Science and Technology Award, a component of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, supports doctoral study at leading U.S. institutions in science, technology, engineering or related fields for outstanding foreign students. This program is currently on hiatus. | * The International Fulbright Science and Technology Award, a component of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, supports doctoral study at leading U.S. institutions in science, technology, engineering or related fields for outstanding foreign students. This program is currently on hiatus. | ||
* The Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U.S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one academic year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect. They share their experiences during their Fulbright year via video reports, blogs, and podcasts. | * The Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U.S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one academic year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect. They share their experiences during their Fulbright year via video reports, blogs, and podcasts. | ||
* The Fulbright-Clinton Fellowship provides the opportunity for U.S. students to serve in professional placements in foreign government ministries or institutions to gain hands-on public sector experience in participating foreign countries. | * The Fulbright-Clinton Fellowship provides the opportunity for U.S. students to serve in professional placements in foreign government ministries or institutions to gain hands-on public sector experience in participating foreign countries. | ||
* The Fulbright Schuman Program awards scholarships to American citizens for research in the European Union with a focus on EU affairs/policy, or the US-EU transatlantic agenda.<ref name="Which Grant is Right for Me?">{{cite web |url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs |title=Fulbright Programs |publisher= Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs |access-date=June 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120035802/http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> | * The [[Fulbright Schuman Program]] awards scholarships to American citizens for research in the European Union with a focus on EU affairs/policy, or the US-EU transatlantic agenda.<ref name="Which Grant is Right for Me?">{{cite web |url=http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs |title=Fulbright Programs |publisher= Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs |access-date=June 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120035802/http://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
=== Scholar grants === | === Scholar grants === | ||