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== History ==
== History ==
In January 1956 President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA).<ref>{{cite web|title=Dwight D. Eisenhower: Executive Order 10656—Establishing the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=106362|website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu}}</ref> The first board, under chair [[James Killian]], included the following members:<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Studies in Intelligence]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|date=Summer 1969|title=The President's Board: 1956–1960, Overseeing the intelligence community|first=Philip K.|last=Edwards|page=114|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp89b00980r000400120002-6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123195406/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp89b00980r000400120002-6|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 23, 2017}}</ref>
In January 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA).<ref>{{cite web|title=Dwight D. Eisenhower: Executive Order 10656—Establishing the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=106362|website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu}}</ref> The first board, under chair [[James Killian]], included the following members:<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Studies in Intelligence]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|date=Summer 1969|title=The President's Board: 1956–1960, Overseeing the intelligence community|first=Philip K.|last=Edwards|page=114|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp89b00980r000400120002-6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123195406/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp89b00980r000400120002-6|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 23, 2017}}</ref>


*[[Richard L. Conolly|Richard Conolly]]
*[[Richard L. Conolly|Richard Conolly]]
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The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President [[Jimmy Carter]] abolished the PFIAB, but President [[Ronald Reagan]] re-established it later.<ref>[http://www.issuewonk.com/reading.asp?ID=216&type=70&keyword= The Issue Wonk. National Policy Facts and Analysis]. Issuewonk.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>
The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President [[Jimmy Carter]] abolished the PFIAB, but President [[Ronald Reagan]] re-established it later.<ref>[http://www.issuewonk.com/reading.asp?ID=216&type=70&keyword= The Issue Wonk. National Policy Facts and Analysis]. Issuewonk.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>


On February 29, 2008, President [[George W. Bush]] renamed the agency to President's Intelligence Advisory Board, its present form.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/2008.html#13462 Executive Orders (2008)]</ref>
On February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush renamed the agency to President's Intelligence Advisory Board, its present form.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/2008.html#13462 Executive Orders (2008)]</ref>


Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] during the 1990s.<ref name=WT-16Jun2008>Bill Getrz, "Covert board called crucial to presidents", ''[[The Washington Times]]'', June 16, 2008, Page A1</ref>
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] during the 1990s.<ref name=WT-16Jun2008>Bill Getrz, "Covert board called crucial to presidents", ''[[The Washington Times]]'', June 16, 2008, Page A1</ref>
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One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.<ref>[https://www.eff.org/fn/directory/8443/362 Electronic Frontier Foundation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007155333/http://www.eff.org/fn/directory/8443/362 |date=2011-10-07 }}</ref> Thirteen cases involving [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.<ref>Dan Eggen, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/23/AR2005102301352.html "FBI Papers Indicate Intelligence Violations: Secret Surveillance Lacked Oversight"], ''Washington Post'', 23 October 2005</ref>
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.<ref>[https://www.eff.org/fn/directory/8443/362 Electronic Frontier Foundation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007155333/http://www.eff.org/fn/directory/8443/362 |date=2011-10-07 }}</ref> Thirteen cases involving [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.<ref>Dan Eggen, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/23/AR2005102301352.html "FBI Papers Indicate Intelligence Violations: Secret Surveillance Lacked Oversight"], ''Washington Post'', 23 October 2005</ref>


In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President [[George W. Bush]] terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.<ref name=BG-14Mar2008/>
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.<ref name=BG-14Mar2008/>


In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President [[Barack Obama]], possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the [[2013 mass surveillance disclosures]] by [[Edward Snowden]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Obama upends intel panel|first=Josh|last=Gerstein|date=15 August 2013|work=[[Politico]]|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/08/obama-intelligence-panel-95589.html}}</ref>  
In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President [[Barack Obama]], possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the [[2013 mass surveillance disclosures]] by [[Edward Snowden]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Obama upends intel panel|first=Josh|last=Gerstein|date=15 August 2013|work=[[Politico]]|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/08/obama-intelligence-panel-95589.html}}</ref>  
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== Membership ==
== Membership ==


During the administration of President [[George W. Bush]], the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.<ref name="Nation-14Aug2002"/>
During the administration of President George W. Bush, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.<ref name="Nation-14Aug2002"/>


PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,<ref name="Nation-14Aug2002">David Corn, [http://www.thenation.com/blog/155993/whos-pfiab-new-bush-secret "Who's On PFIAB?--A New Bush Secret"], ''The Nation'' (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved December 31, 2012</ref> and the Trump Administration issued a press release announcing the nominations of new members.<ref name="whitehouse.gov">{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-intent-appoint-individuals-key-administration-posts-3/ |title=President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Appoint Individuals to Key Administration Posts |date=February 4, 2019 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=February 12, 2019}}</ref>
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,<ref name="Nation-14Aug2002">David Corn, [http://www.thenation.com/blog/155993/whos-pfiab-new-bush-secret "Who's On PFIAB?--A New Bush Secret"], ''The Nation'' (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved December 31, 2012</ref> and the Trump Administration issued a press release announcing the nominations of new members.<ref name="whitehouse.gov">{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-intent-appoint-individuals-key-administration-posts-3/ |title=President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Appoint Individuals to Key Administration Posts |date=February 4, 2019 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=February 12, 2019}}</ref>
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|rowspan=2 style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;" |October 5, 2001
|rowspan=2 style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;" |October 5, 2001
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|rowspan=2 style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;" |October 5, 2001
|rowspan=2 style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;" |October 5, 2001
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|rowspan=4 |[[George W. Bush]]
|rowspan=4 |George W. Bush
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|[[Brent Scowcroft]]
|[[Brent Scowcroft]]
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