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Howard University: Difference between revisions
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===19th century=== | ===19th century=== | ||
Shortly after the end of the | Shortly after the end of the American Civil War, members of the First Congregational Society of Washington considered establishing a theological seminary for the education of black clergymen. Within a few weeks, the project expanded to include a provision for establishing a university. Within two years, the university consisted of the colleges of liberal arts and medicine. The new institution was named for General [[Oliver Otis Howard]], a Civil War hero who was both the founder of the university and, at the time, commissioner of the [[Freedman bureau|Freedmen's Bureau]]. Howard later served as president of the university from 1869 to 1874.<ref name="official_history">{{cite web |url=http://www.howard.edu/explore/history.htm |title=Brief History of Howard University |publisher=Howard.edu |access-date=October 19, 2009|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117120246/http://www.howard.edu/explore/history.htm|archive-date=January 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Semi-Centennial of Howard University |journal=Howard University Record |date=March 1916 |volume=10 |issue=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/howardunivers16howa/mode/2up}}</ref> | ||
The U.S. Congress chartered Howard on March 2, 1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction and tuition. (In the 20th and 21st centuries, an annual congressional appropriation, administered by the [[United States Department of Education|U.S. Department of Education]], funds Howard University and Howard University Hospital.)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.ed.gov/programs/howard/index.html |title=U.S. Department of Education funding of Howard University|date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> | The U.S. Congress chartered Howard on March 2, 1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction and tuition. (In the 20th and 21st centuries, an annual congressional appropriation, administered by the [[United States Department of Education|U.S. Department of Education]], funds Howard University and Howard University Hospital.)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.ed.gov/programs/howard/index.html |title=U.S. Department of Education funding of Howard University|date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> | ||
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The first sitting president to speak at Howard was [[Calvin Coolidge]] in 1924. His graduation speech was entitled, "The Progress of a People", and highlighted the accomplishments to date of African-Americans since the Civil War. His concluding thought was, "We can not go out from this place and occasion without refreshment of faith and renewal of confidence that in every exigency our Negro fellow citizens will render the best and fullest measure of service whereof they are capable."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=24186|title=Calvin Coolidge: Address at Howard University: "The Progress of a People"|website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu|access-date=November 27, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031329/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=24186|url-status=dead}}</ref> | The first sitting president to speak at Howard was [[Calvin Coolidge]] in 1924. His graduation speech was entitled, "The Progress of a People", and highlighted the accomplishments to date of African-Americans since the Civil War. His concluding thought was, "We can not go out from this place and occasion without refreshment of faith and renewal of confidence that in every exigency our Negro fellow citizens will render the best and fullest measure of service whereof they are capable."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=24186|title=Calvin Coolidge: Address at Howard University: "The Progress of a People"|website=www.presidency.ucsb.edu|access-date=November 27, 2017|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031329/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=24186|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
In 1965, President | In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered a speech to the graduating class at Howard, where he outlined his plans for civil rights legislation and endorsed aggressive [[affirmative action]] to combat the effects of years of segregation of blacks from the nation's economic opportunities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/selected-speeches/1965/06-04-1965.html |title=Commencement Address at Howard University: "To Fulfill These Rights", June 4, 1965 |website=LBJ Presidential Library |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026172236/http://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/selected-speeches/1965/06-04-1965.html |archive-date=October 26, 2019}}</ref> At the time, the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965|voting rights bill]] was still pending in the House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite web |last=Johnson|first=Lyndon B.|title=To Fulfill These Rights|url=https://www.whatsoproudlywehail.org/curriculum/the-american-calendar/to-fulfill-these-rights|publisher=What So Proudly We Hail|access-date=February 12, 2013 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108074133/https://www.whatsoproudlywehail.org/curriculum/the-american-calendar/to-fulfill-these-rights|archive-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Howard University School of Law.jpg|thumb|left|[[Howard University School of Law]] is one of the oldest law schools in the United States.]] | [[File:Howard University School of Law.jpg|thumb|left|[[Howard University School of Law]] is one of the oldest law schools in the United States.]] | ||
In 1975, the historic [[Freedman's Hospital]] closed after 112 years of use as [[Howard University College of Medicine|Howard University College of Medicine's]] primary teaching hospital. Howard University Hospital opened that same year and continues to be used as HUCM's primary teaching hospital, with service to the surrounding community. | In 1975, the historic [[Freedman's Hospital]] closed after 112 years of use as [[Howard University College of Medicine|Howard University College of Medicine's]] primary teaching hospital. Howard University Hospital opened that same year and continues to be used as HUCM's primary teaching hospital, with service to the surrounding community. | ||
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[[File:Howard University Washington DC - Founders Library.jpg|thumb|right|Founders Library is an iconic building on the Howard University campus that has been declared a [[National Historic Landmark]].]] | [[File:Howard University Washington DC - Founders Library.jpg|thumb|right|Founders Library is an iconic building on the Howard University campus that has been declared a [[National Historic Landmark]].]] | ||
The {{convert|256|acre|km2 sqmi|adj=on}} campus, often referred to as "The Mecca", is in northwest Washington, D. C.<ref name=fb>{{cite web |url=http://www.howard.edu/facts/facts.pdf |title=Howard Facts 2009 (PDF) |access-date=September 10, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325165727/http://www.howard.edu/facts/facts.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2009}}</ref> | The {{convert|256|acre|km2 sqmi|adj=on}} campus, often referred to as "The Mecca", is in northwest Washington, D. C.<ref name=fb>{{cite web |url=http://www.howard.edu/facts/facts.pdf |title=Howard Facts 2009 (PDF) |access-date=September 10, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325165727/http://www.howard.edu/facts/facts.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2009}}</ref> | ||
Major improvements, additions and changes occurred at the school in the aftermath of | Major improvements, additions and changes occurred at the school in the aftermath of World War I. New buildings were built under the direction of architect [[Albert Cassell]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Howard University and The Federal Government During The Presidential Administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1928–1945 | author=Clifford L. Muse Jr. |journal=The Journal of Negro History |year=1991 |pages=1–20 |publisher=Association for the Study of African-American Life and History, Inc. |jstor=2717406 |volume=76 |issue=1/4|doi=10.1086/JNHv76n1-4p1|s2cid=149933299 }}</ref><ref name=fb/> | ||
Howard University has several historic landmarks on campus, such as [[Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Frederick Douglas Memorial Hall, Founders Library|Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel]], Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall, and the Founders Library. | Howard University has several historic landmarks on campus, such as [[Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Frederick Douglas Memorial Hall, Founders Library|Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel]], Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall, and the Founders Library. | ||
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===Google's Tech Exchange=== | ===Google's Tech Exchange=== | ||
[[File:The Lower Quadrangle behind Founders Library; also known as "The Valley.".jpg|thumb|The Lower Quadrangle, also known as "The Valley"]] | [[File:The Lower Quadrangle behind Founders Library; also known as "The Valley.".jpg|thumb|The Lower Quadrangle, also known as "The Valley"]] | ||
In 2017, [[Google Inc.]] announced it established a pilot residency program named "Howard University West" on its campus in [[Mountain View, California]], to help increase [[Underrepresented group|underrepresented minorities]] in the tech industry. In 2018, the program expanded from a three-month summer program to a full academic year program and the name changed to "Tech Exchange" to be inclusive of 15 other [[minority-serving institution]]s added to the program such as [[Florida A&M]], [[Prairie View A&M]], and [[Fisk University|Fisk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/static/8771/howard-university-and-google-expand-successful-computer-science-residency|title=Howard University and Google Expand Successful Computer Science Residency To Include Additional HBCUs|date=September 19, 2018|website=Howard Newsroom|language=en|access-date=September 3, 2019|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628045920/https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/static/8771/howard-university-and-google-expand-successful-computer-science-residency|url-status=dead}}</ref> Howard students in the program learn from senior Google engineers, practice the latest coding techniques, and experience tech culture in Mountain View for course credits towards their degrees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/03/23/howard-university-google/99518020/|title=Google opens Howard University West to train black coders|website= | In 2017, [[Google Inc.]] announced it established a pilot residency program named "Howard University West" on its campus in [[Mountain View, California]], to help increase [[Underrepresented group|underrepresented minorities]] in the tech industry. In 2018, the program expanded from a three-month summer program to a full academic year program and the name changed to "Tech Exchange" to be inclusive of 15 other [[minority-serving institution]]s added to the program such as [[Florida A&M]], [[Prairie View A&M]], and [[Fisk University|Fisk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/static/8771/howard-university-and-google-expand-successful-computer-science-residency|title=Howard University and Google Expand Successful Computer Science Residency To Include Additional HBCUs|date=September 19, 2018|website=Howard Newsroom|language=en|access-date=September 3, 2019|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628045920/https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/static/8771/howard-university-and-google-expand-successful-computer-science-residency|url-status=dead}}</ref> Howard students in the program learn from senior Google engineers, practice the latest coding techniques, and experience tech culture in Mountain View for course credits towards their degrees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/03/23/howard-university-google/99518020/|title=Google opens Howard University West to train black coders|website=USA Today|access-date=December 31, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/article/7931/howard-university-and-google-expand-howard-west-computer-science-residency|title=Newsroom|access-date=February 4, 2018|archive-date=June 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629123246/https://newsroom.howard.edu/newsroom/article/7931/howard-university-and-google-expand-howard-west-computer-science-residency|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
===Disney Storyteller Fund=== | ===Disney Storyteller Fund=== | ||