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{{Organization | |||
|OrganizationName=Coast Guard | |||
|OrganizationType=Uniformed service | |||
|Mission=The mission of the United States Coast Guard is to ensure the safety, security, and stewardship of the nation's waters. This encompasses maritime safety, security, environmental protection, search and rescue, aids to navigation, ice operations, living marine resources protection, port and waterway security, drug interdiction, migrant interdiction, defense readiness, and law enforcement. The Coast Guard aims to protect the public, the environment, and U.S. economic and security interests in any maritime region. | |||
|ParentOrganization=Department of Homeland Security | |||
|CreationLegislation=Act of Congress -January 28, 1915 | |||
|Employees=57000 | |||
|Budget=$13.3 billion | |||
|OrganizationExecutive=Commandant of the Coast Guard | |||
|Services=The USCG provides numerous services including: | |||
Search and rescue operations. | |||
Maritime law enforcement, including drug and migrant interdiction. | |||
Aids to navigation, ensuring safe maritime travel. | |||
Marine safety, including inspections, investigations, and regulation enforcement. | |||
Environmental protection, responding to oil spills and pollution incidents. | |||
Ice breaking services in polar and domestic regions. | |||
Port security, including vessel inspections and security measures. | |||
Defense operations, including port security and maritime interception operations. | |||
Homeland security, protecting the maritime borders and transportation systems. | |||
|Regulations=The Coast Guard oversees a wide array of maritime safety, security, and environmental regulations. This includes: | |||
Vessel inspections and certifications for both commercial and recreational vessels. | |||
Regulations concerning the transportation of hazardous materials by sea. | |||
Navigation rules and regulations. | |||
Standards for marine environmental protection, including oil and hazardous substance spill response. | |||
Licensing, documentation, and credentialing of mariners. | |||
Port security and Facility Security Plans under the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA). | |||
Regulations for the operation of facilities transferring oil or hazardous material. | |||
|HeadquartersLocation=38.85306, -76.99947 | |||
|HeadquartersAddress=2703 Martin Luther King Jr Ave SE, Washington, DC 20593 | |||
|Website=https://www.uscg.mil | |||
|Wikipedia=United States Coast Guard | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Maritime law enforcement and rescue service branch of the U.S. military}} | {{Short description|Maritime law enforcement and rescue service branch of the U.S. military}} | ||
The '''United States Coast Guard''' ('''USCG''') is the [[maritime security]], [[search and rescue]], and [[maritime law enforcement|law enforcement]] [[military branch|service branch]] of the [[United States Armed Forces]]<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|14|101}}</ref> and one of the country's eight [[Uniformed services of the United States|uniformed services]]. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime [[law enforcement]] mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and [[international waters]] and a [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] [[regulatory agency]] mission as part of its duties. It is the largest [[coast guard]] in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most [[Navy|navies]]. | The '''United States Coast Guard''' ('''USCG''') is the [[maritime security]], [[search and rescue]], and [[maritime law enforcement|law enforcement]] [[military branch|service branch]] of the [[United States Armed Forces]]<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode|14|101}}</ref> and one of the country's eight [[Uniformed services of the United States|uniformed services]]. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime [[law enforcement]] mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and [[international waters]] and a [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] [[regulatory agency]] mission as part of its duties. It is the largest [[coast guard]] in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most [[Navy|navies]]. | ||
The U.S. Coast Guard is a [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] and security service. It protects the [[United States]]' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding [[sea lines of communication]] and commerce across U.S. [[territorial waters]] and its [[Exclusive economic zone|Exclusive Economic Zone]]. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and [[Cyberspace|cyber]] domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its [[United States Navy]] sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both [[Littoral zone|littoral]] and [[Blue-water navy|blue-water]] regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Coast Guard Strategic Plan 2018-2022|url=https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/seniorleadership/alwaysready/USCG_Strategic%20Plan__LoResReaderSpreads_20181115_vFinal.pdf?ver=2018-11-14-150015-323|access-date=27 December 2021|website=U.S. Coast Guard}}</ref> | The U.S. Coast Guard is a [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] and security service. It protects the [[United States]]' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding [[sea lines of communication]] and commerce across U.S. [[territorial waters]] and its [[Exclusive economic zone|Exclusive Economic Zone]]. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and [[Cyberspace|cyber]] domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its [[United States Navy]] sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both [[Littoral zone|littoral]] and [[Blue-water navy|blue-water]] regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Coast Guard Strategic Plan 2018-2022|url=https://www.uscg.mil/Portals/0/seniorleadership/alwaysready/USCG_Strategic%20Plan__LoResReaderSpreads_20181115_vFinal.pdf?ver=2018-11-14-150015-323|access-date=27 December 2021|website=U.S. Coast Guard}}</ref> | ||
The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the [[United States Department of the Navy|U.S. Department of the Navy]] under the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] by order of the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] or by act of [[United States Congress|Congress]]. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] from 1967 to 2003 and the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] from its inception until 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ |title=2003 – Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926182247/https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/1967-united-states-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-transportation/ |title=1967 – United States Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Transportation |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 }}</ref> A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during | The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the [[United States Department of the Navy|U.S. Department of the Navy]] under the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] by order of the [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] or by act of [[United States Congress|Congress]]. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] from 1967 to 2003 and the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]] from its inception until 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ |title=2003 – Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926182247/https://cgaviationhistory.org/2003-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-homeland-security/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cgaviationhistory.org/1967-united-states-coast-guard-transferred-to-the-department-of-transportation/ |title=1967 – United States Coast Guard Transferred to the Department of Transportation |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=cgaviationhistory.org |publisher=Coast Guard Aviation Association |access-date=23 September 2020 }}</ref> A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during World War I.<ref name="NavyTransferWW1">{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|title=Timeline of Coast Guard Organizational History|publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security|author=United States Coast Guard|access-date=18 January 2014|quote=6 April 1917: With the declaration of war against Germany the Coast Guard was transferred by Executive Order to the control of the Navy Department.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613180352/http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> By the time the U.S. entered [[World War II]] in December 1941, the U.S. Coast Guard had already been transferred to the Navy by [[Franklin Roosevelt|President Franklin Roosevelt]].<ref name="NavyTransferWW2">{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|title=Timeline of Coast Guard Organizational History|publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security|author=United States Coast Guard|access-date=18 January 2014|quote=1 November 1941: President Roosevelt's Executive Order 8929 transferred the Coast Guard to Navy Department control. In compliance with Executive Order 9666, the Coast Guard returned to Treasury Department control.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613180352/http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/docs/Timeline%20of%20Coast%20Guard%20Organizational%20History.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Created by Congress as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|Revenue-Marine]] on 4 August 1790 at the request of [[Alexander Hamilton]], it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States.{{refn|Although the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] lists its founding as 1775 with the formation of the [[Continental Navy]], the U.S. Navy was entirely disbanded in 1785. The modern U.S. Navy in its present form was founded in 1794.|group="Note"}} As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting [[customs duties]] at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|U.S. Revenue Cutter Service]] and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Robert Irwin |year=1987 |title=Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=978-0-87021-720-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 1–2] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 }}</ref> | Created by Congress as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|Revenue-Marine]] on 4 August 1790 at the request of [[Alexander Hamilton]], it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States.{{refn|Although the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] lists its founding as 1775 with the formation of the [[Continental Navy]], the U.S. Navy was entirely disbanded in 1785. The modern U.S. Navy in its present form was founded in 1794.|group="Note"}} As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting [[customs duties]] at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service|U.S. Revenue Cutter Service]] and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Robert Irwin |year=1987 |title=Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=978-0-87021-720-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 1–2] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john/page/1 }}</ref> | ||
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As members of the military, Coast Guardsmen on active and reserve service are subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] and receive the same pay and allowances as members of the same pay grades in the other uniformed services.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 U.S.C. § 2 - U.S. Code Title 14. Coast Guard § 2|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-14-coast-guard/14-usc-sect-2.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref> | As members of the military, Coast Guardsmen on active and reserve service are subject to the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] and receive the same pay and allowances as members of the same pay grades in the other uniformed services.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 U.S.C. § 2 - U.S. Code Title 14. Coast Guard § 2|url=https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-14-coast-guard/14-usc-sect-2.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Findlaw|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
The service has participated in every major U.S. conflict from 1790 through today, including landing troops on [[D-Day]] and on the Pacific Islands in [[World War II]], in extensive patrols and shore bombardment during the | The service has participated in every major U.S. conflict from 1790 through today, including landing troops on [[D-Day]] and on the Pacific Islands in [[World War II]], in extensive patrols and shore bombardment during the Vietnam War, and multiple roles in [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]. Maritime interception operations, coastal security, transportation security, and [[Law Enforcement Detachments|law enforcement detachments]] have been its major roles in recent conflicts in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Long Blue Line: Coast Guard combat operations in Operation Iraqi Freedom |url=https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/07/tlbl-uscg-combat-operations-in-oif/ |first1=William H. |last1=Thiesen |date= July 26, 2018 |access-date=12 May 2021|website= Coast Guard Compass |archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112045825/https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/07/tlbl-uscg-combat-operations-in-oif/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
On 17 October 2007, the Coast Guard joined with the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] to adopt a new [[maritime strategy]] called ''[[A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower]]'' that raised the notion of prevention of war to the same philosophical level as the conduct of war.<ref name="Garamone">{{cite news |last=Garamone |first=Jim |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |title=Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy |work=Navy News Service |date=17 October 2007 |id=NNS071017-13 |agency=[[American Forces Press Service]] |access-date=30 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040311/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |archive-date=5 March 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> This new strategy charted a course for the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps to work collectively with each other and international partners to prevent regional crises, man-made or natural, from occurring, or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to the United States. During the launch of the new U.S. maritime strategy at the International Seapower Symposium at the [[United States Naval War College|U.S. Naval War College]] in 2007, Coast Guard Commandant Admiral [[Thad Allen]] said the new maritime strategy reinforced the time-honored missions the service has carried out in the United States since 1790. "It reinforces the Coast Guard maritime strategy of safety, security and stewardship, and it reflects not only the global reach of our maritime services but the need to integrate and synchronize and act with our coalition and international partners to not only win wars ... but to prevent wars," Allen said.<ref name="Garamone" /> | On 17 October 2007, the Coast Guard joined with the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] to adopt a new [[maritime strategy]] called ''[[A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower]]'' that raised the notion of prevention of war to the same philosophical level as the conduct of war.<ref name="Garamone">{{cite news |last=Garamone |first=Jim |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |title=Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy |work=Navy News Service |date=17 October 2007 |id=NNS071017-13 |agency=[[American Forces Press Service]] |access-date=30 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040311/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |archive-date=5 March 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> This new strategy charted a course for the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps to work collectively with each other and international partners to prevent regional crises, man-made or natural, from occurring, or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to the United States. During the launch of the new U.S. maritime strategy at the International Seapower Symposium at the [[United States Naval War College|U.S. Naval War College]] in 2007, Coast Guard Commandant Admiral [[Thad Allen]] said the new maritime strategy reinforced the time-honored missions the service has carried out in the United States since 1790. "It reinforces the Coast Guard maritime strategy of safety, security and stewardship, and it reflects not only the global reach of our maritime services but the need to integrate and synchronize and act with our coalition and international partners to not only win wars ... but to prevent wars," Allen said.<ref name="Garamone" /> | ||
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{{Main|History of the United States Coast Guard}} | {{Main|History of the United States Coast Guard}} | ||
The Coast Guard traced its roots to the small fleet of vessels maintained by the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] beginning in the 1790s to enforce tariffs (an important source of revenue for the new nation). [[Secretary of the Treasury]] [[Alexander Hamilton]] lobbied Congress to fund the construction of ten [[Cutter (boat)|cutters]], which it did on 4 August 1790 (now celebrated as the Coast Guard's official birthday). Until the re-establishment of the Navy in 1798, these "revenue cutters" were the only naval force of the early United States. As such, the cutters and their crews frequently took on additional duties, including combating piracy, rescuing mariners in distress, ferrying government officials, and even carrying mail.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1122007,00.html |title=How the Coast Guard Gets it Right |first=Amanda |last=Ripley |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=23 October 2005 |access-date=11 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222051431/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1122007,00.html |archive-date=22 December 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially not an organized federal agency at all, merely a "system of cutters," each ship operated under the direction of the customs officials in the port to which it was assigned. Several names, including "Revenue-Marine," were used as the service gradually becoming more organized. Eventually it was officially organized as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service]]. In addition to its regular law enforcement and customs duties, revenue cutters and their crews were used to support and supplement the Navy in various armed conflicts including the | The Coast Guard traced its roots to the small fleet of vessels maintained by the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] beginning in the 1790s to enforce tariffs (an important source of revenue for the new nation). [[Secretary of the Treasury]] [[Alexander Hamilton]] lobbied Congress to fund the construction of ten [[Cutter (boat)|cutters]], which it did on 4 August 1790 (now celebrated as the Coast Guard's official birthday). Until the re-establishment of the Navy in 1798, these "revenue cutters" were the only naval force of the early United States. As such, the cutters and their crews frequently took on additional duties, including combating piracy, rescuing mariners in distress, ferrying government officials, and even carrying mail.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1122007,00.html |title=How the Coast Guard Gets it Right |first=Amanda |last=Ripley |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=23 October 2005 |access-date=11 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222051431/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1122007,00.html |archive-date=22 December 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially not an organized federal agency at all, merely a "system of cutters," each ship operated under the direction of the customs officials in the port to which it was assigned. Several names, including "Revenue-Marine," were used as the service gradually becoming more organized. Eventually it was officially organized as the [[United States Revenue Cutter Service]]. In addition to its regular law enforcement and customs duties, revenue cutters and their crews were used to support and supplement the Navy in various armed conflicts including the American Civil War.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Long Blue Line: Civil War operations of the Revenue Cutter Service |first1=William H. |last1=Thiesen |date=April 19, 2018 |url=https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/04/tlbl-civil-war-operations-of-the-revenue-cutter-service/#:~:text=In%20August%201861,%20the%20cutter,naval%20campaign%20against%20New%20Orleans.&text=The%20cutter%20Miami%20also%20served,command%20ship%20during%20the%20war.|access-date=12 May 2021|website= Coast Guard Compass |archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512150229/https://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/04/tlbl-civil-war-operations-of-the-revenue-cutter-service/#:~:text=In%20August%201861,%20the%20cutter,naval%20campaign%20against%20New%20Orleans.&text=The%20cutter%20Miami%20also%20served,command%20ship%20during%20the%20war.|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
A separate federal agency, the [[United States Life-Saving Service|U.S. Life-Saving Service]], developed alongside the Revenue-Marine. Prior to 1848, there were various charitable efforts at creating systems to provide assistance to shipwrecked mariners from shore-based stations, notably by the [[Massachusetts Humane Society]]. The federal government began funding lifesaving stations in 1848 but funding was inconsistent and the system still relied on all-volunteer crews. In 1871, [[Sumner Increase Kimball]] was appointed chief of the Treasury Department's newly created Revenue Marine Division, and began the process of organizing the Revenue-Marine cutters into a centralized agency. Kimball also pushed for more funding lifesaving stations and eventually secured approval to create the Lifesaving Service as a separate federal agency, also within the Treasury Department, with fulltime paid crews. | A separate federal agency, the [[United States Life-Saving Service|U.S. Life-Saving Service]], developed alongside the Revenue-Marine. Prior to 1848, there were various charitable efforts at creating systems to provide assistance to shipwrecked mariners from shore-based stations, notably by the [[Massachusetts Humane Society]]. The federal government began funding lifesaving stations in 1848 but funding was inconsistent and the system still relied on all-volunteer crews. In 1871, [[Sumner Increase Kimball]] was appointed chief of the Treasury Department's newly created Revenue Marine Division, and began the process of organizing the Revenue-Marine cutters into a centralized agency. Kimball also pushed for more funding lifesaving stations and eventually secured approval to create the Lifesaving Service as a separate federal agency, also within the Treasury Department, with fulltime paid crews. | ||
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In 1967, the Coast Guard moved from the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of the Treasury]] to the newly formed [[United States Department of Transportation|U.S. Department of Transportation]], an arrangement that lasted until it was placed under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] in 2003 as part of legislation designed to more efficiently protect American interests following the [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Coast Guard joins Homeland Security Department |date=Feb 26, 2003|url=https://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/02/25/homeland.security/index.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=CNN }}</ref> | In 1967, the Coast Guard moved from the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of the Treasury]] to the newly formed [[United States Department of Transportation|U.S. Department of Transportation]], an arrangement that lasted until it was placed under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|U.S. Department of Homeland Security]] in 2003 as part of legislation designed to more efficiently protect American interests following the [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001]].<ref>{{cite news|title= Coast Guard joins Homeland Security Department |date=Feb 26, 2003|url=https://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/02/25/homeland.security/index.html|access-date=12 May 2021|website=CNN }}</ref> | ||
In times of war, the Coast Guard or individual components of it can operate as a service of the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]]. This arrangement has a broad historical basis, as the Coast Guard has been involved in wars as diverse as the [[War of 1812]], the [[Mexican–American War]], and the | In times of war, the Coast Guard or individual components of it can operate as a service of the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]]. This arrangement has a broad historical basis, as the Coast Guard has been involved in wars as diverse as the [[War of 1812]], the [[Mexican–American War]], and the American Civil War, in which the cutter ''Harriet Lane'' fired the first naval shots attempting to relieve besieged [[Fort Sumter]]. The last time the Coast Guard operated as a whole within the Navy was in [[World War II]], in all some 250,000 served in the Coast Guard during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/World-War-II/|title=World War II|website=United States Coast Guard Historian's Office|access-date=21 April 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421013907/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/World-War-II/ |archive-date=Apr 21, 2019 }}</ref> | ||
[[Coast Guard Squadron One]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1965 for service during the | [[Coast Guard Squadron One]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1965 for service during the Vietnam War. Placed under the operational control of the United States Navy, it was assigned duties in [[Operation Market Time]]. Its formation marked the first time since World War II that Coast Guard personnel were used extensively in a combat environment. The squadron operated divisions in three separate areas during the period of 1965 to 1970. Twenty-six [[Point-class cutter]]s with their crews and a squadron support staff were assigned to the U.S. Navy with the mission of interdicting the movement of arms and supplies from the [[South China Sea]] into [[South Vietnam]] by [[Viet Cong]] and [[North Vietnam]] [[Junk (ship)|junk]] and [[Naval trawler|trawler]] operators. The squadron also provided [[81mm mortar]] naval gunfire support to nearby friendly units operating along the South Vietnamese coastline and assisted the U.S. Navy during [[Operation Sealords]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vietnam|url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/Vietnam/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=United States Coast Guard Historian's Office |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512140348/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Our-Collections/Commemorations/Vietnam/ |archive-date=May 12, 2021 }}</ref> | ||
[[Coast Guard Squadron Three]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1967 for service during the | [[Coast Guard Squadron Three]], was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1967 for service during the Vietnam War.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jacksjoint.com/cgvietnam.htm|title=The Coast Guard in Vietnam |publisher=Jack's Joint |work=The Coast Guard Reservist |first1=Vern |last1=Toler |date=November 1996 |access-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703045046/http://www.jacksjoint.com/cgvietnam.htm|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=dead }}</ref> Placed under the operational control of the United States Navy and based in [[Pearl Harbor]]. It consisted of five USCG High Endurance Cutters operating on revolving six-month deployments. A total of 35 High Endurance Cutters took part in operations from May 1967 to December 1971, most notably using their 5-inch guns to provide naval gunfire support missions.<ref name=Larzelere124-128>{{cite book|last=Larzelere|first=Alex|year=1997|title=The Coast Guard at War, Vietnam, 1965–1975|publisher=Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland|pages=124–128|isbn=978-1-55750-529-3}}</ref> | ||
Often units within the Coast Guard operate under [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] operational control while other Coast Guard units remain under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/doddir/navy/noc2010.pdf|title=Naval Operations Concept 2010|publisher=fas.org|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref> | Often units within the Coast Guard operate under [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] operational control while other Coast Guard units remain under the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/doddir/navy/noc2010.pdf|title=Naval Operations Concept 2010|publisher=fas.org|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref> | ||
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File:VTN Mortar Color Firing.jpg|A gun crew on board {{USCGC|Point Comfort|WPB-82317}} firing an 81 mm mortar during the bombardment of a suspected [[Viet Cong]] staging area one mile behind An Thoi in August 1965 | File:VTN Mortar Color Firing.jpg|A gun crew on board {{USCGC|Point Comfort|WPB-82317}} firing an 81 mm mortar during the bombardment of a suspected [[Viet Cong]] staging area one mile behind An Thoi in August 1965 | ||
File:USCGC Duane (WHEC-33) shelling targets in Vietnam c1967.jpg|{{USCGC|Duane|WPG-33}} shelling targets in Vietnam in 1967, where the Coast Guard was a part of [[Operation Market Time]] | File:USCGC Duane (WHEC-33) shelling targets in Vietnam c1967.jpg|{{USCGC|Duane|WPG-33}} shelling targets in Vietnam in 1967, where the Coast Guard was a part of [[Operation Market Time]] | ||
File:VTN USCGSQ1 Patch.jpg|United States Coast Guard Squadron One unit patch during the | File:VTN USCGSQ1 Patch.jpg|United States Coast Guard Squadron One unit patch during the Vietnam War | ||
File:Seal of the United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group.png|Seal of the [[Deployable Operations Group|United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group]] | File:Seal of the United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group.png|Seal of the [[Deployable Operations Group|United States Coast Guard Deployable Operations Group]] | ||
File:US Navy 100528-N-7643B-241 The guided-missile frigate USS Vandegrift (FFG 48) and the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Mellon (WHEC 717).jpg|{{USS|Vandegrift|FFG 48}} and {{USCGC|Mellon|WHEC-717}} cruising side by side in the [[Java Sea]] on May 28, 2010 | File:US Navy 100528-N-7643B-241 The guided-missile frigate USS Vandegrift (FFG 48) and the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Mellon (WHEC 717).jpg|{{USS|Vandegrift|FFG 48}} and {{USCGC|Mellon|WHEC-717}} cruising side by side in the [[Java Sea]] on May 28, 2010 | ||
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* [[National Security Cutter]] (WMSL): Also known as the Legend-class, these are the Coast Guard's latest class of {{convert|418|ft|m|adj=on}} cutter. At 418 ft. these are the largest USCG military cutters in active service. One-for-one, Legend-class ships have replaced individually decommissioned 1960s {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|2}}s, (also known as the [[High Endurance Cutter]] (WHEC)). A total of eleven were authorized and budgeted; as of 2021 eight are in service, and two are under construction. | * [[National Security Cutter]] (WMSL): Also known as the Legend-class, these are the Coast Guard's latest class of {{convert|418|ft|m|adj=on}} cutter. At 418 ft. these are the largest USCG military cutters in active service. One-for-one, Legend-class ships have replaced individually decommissioned 1960s {{sclass|Hamilton|cutter|2}}s, (also known as the [[High Endurance Cutter]] (WHEC)). A total of eleven were authorized and budgeted; as of 2021 eight are in service, and two are under construction. | ||
* [[USCG medium endurance cutter|Medium Endurance Cutter]] (WMEC): These are mostly the {{convert|210|ft|m|0|adj=on}} ''Reliance''-class, and the {{convert|270|ft|m|0|adj=on}} Famous-class cutters, although the {{convert|283|ft|adj=on}} {{USCGC|Alex Haley|WMEC-39|2}} also falls into this category. Primary missions are law enforcement, search and rescue, and military defense. [[Heritage-class cutter]]s are expected to eventually replace the ''Reliance''- and Famous-class cutters as they are completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.usni.org/2022/07/21/eastern-shipbuilding-protests-coast-guard-offshore-patrol-cutter-award-to-austal-usa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006000542/https://news.usni.org/2022/07/21/eastern-shipbuilding-protests-coast-guard-offshore-patrol-cutter-award-to-austal-usa |url-status=live |archive-date=6 October 2022 |title=Eastern Shipbuilding Protests Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Cutter Award to Austal USA |last=LaGrone |first=Sam |date=21 July 2022 |website=news.usni.org |publisher=USNI News |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> | * [[USCG medium endurance cutter|Medium Endurance Cutter]] (WMEC): These are mostly the {{convert|210|ft|m|0|adj=on}} ''Reliance''-class, and the {{convert|270|ft|m|0|adj=on}} Famous-class cutters, although the {{convert|283|ft|adj=on}} {{USCGC|Alex Haley|WMEC-39|2}} also falls into this category. Primary missions are law enforcement, search and rescue, and military defense. [[Heritage-class cutter]]s are expected to eventually replace the ''Reliance''- and Famous-class cutters as they are completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.usni.org/2022/07/21/eastern-shipbuilding-protests-coast-guard-offshore-patrol-cutter-award-to-austal-usa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006000542/https://news.usni.org/2022/07/21/eastern-shipbuilding-protests-coast-guard-offshore-patrol-cutter-award-to-austal-usa |url-status=live |archive-date=6 October 2022 |title=Eastern Shipbuilding Protests Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Cutter Award to Austal USA |last=LaGrone |first=Sam |date=21 July 2022 |website=news.usni.org |publisher=USNI News |access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
* {{sclass2|Polar|icebreaker}} (WAGB): There are three WAGB's used for icebreaking and research though only two, the heavy {{convert|399|ft|m|0|adj=on}} {{USCGC|Polar Star|WAGB-10|2}} and the newer medium class {{convert|420|ft|m|adj=on}} {{USCGC|Healy||2}}, are active.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/Healy.asp |title=420-foot Icebreaker (WAGB) |website=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters |date=28 June 2013 |access-date=14 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111033408/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/Healy.asp |archive-date=11 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/icepolr.asp |title=399-foot Polar Class Icebreakers (WAGB) |website=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters |date=28 June 2013 |access-date=14 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110102541/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/icepolr.asp |archive-date=10 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsminer.com/view/full_story/16608825/article-Alaska-Lt--Gov--calls-for-US-icebreakers-? |title=Alaska Lt. Gov. calls for US icebreakers |agency= | * {{sclass2|Polar|icebreaker}} (WAGB): There are three WAGB's used for icebreaking and research though only two, the heavy {{convert|399|ft|m|0|adj=on}} {{USCGC|Polar Star|WAGB-10|2}} and the newer medium class {{convert|420|ft|m|adj=on}} {{USCGC|Healy||2}}, are active.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/Healy.asp |title=420-foot Icebreaker (WAGB) |website=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters |date=28 June 2013 |access-date=14 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111033408/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/Healy.asp |archive-date=11 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/icepolr.asp |title=399-foot Polar Class Icebreakers (WAGB) |website=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters |date=28 June 2013 |access-date=14 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110102541/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/icepolr.asp |archive-date=10 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsminer.com/view/full_story/16608825/article-Alaska-Lt--Gov--calls-for-US-icebreakers-? |title=Alaska Lt. Gov. calls for US icebreakers |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=[[Fairbanks Daily News-Miner]] |date=30 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120040330/http://www.newsminer.com/view/full_story/16608825/article-Alaska-Lt--Gov--calls-for-US-icebreakers- |archive-date=20 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2013-news/october-2013-navy-world-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-news/1311--northrop-grumman-to-supply-polar-ice-breaker-navigation-support-for-us-coast-guard.html |title=Northrop Grumman to Supply Polar Ice Breaker Navigation Support for U.S. Coast Guard |date=20 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021120752/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2013-news/october-2013-navy-world-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-news/1311--northrop-grumman-to-supply-polar-ice-breaker-navigation-support-for-us-coast-guard.html |archive-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{USCGC|Polar Sea|WAGB-11|2}} is located in Seattle, Washington but is not currently in active service. The icebreakers are being replaced with new heavy icebreakers under the [[Polar Security Cutter program|Polar icebreaker program]], the world's largest coast guard vessel due for delivery in 2025. | ||
* {{USCGC|Eagle|WIX-327|6}}: A {{convert|295|ft|adj=on}} sailing barque used as a training ship for Coast Guard Academy cadets and Coast Guard officer candidates. She was originally built in Germany as [[Horst Wessel#Memorial namings|''Horst Wessel'']], and was seized by the United States as a [[prize of war]] in 1945.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/wixtrain.asp|website=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters|title=U.S. Coast Guard Barque Eagle (WIX-327)|date=28 June 2013|access-date=14 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110061929/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/wixtrain.asp|archive-date=10 January 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lotsofhonor.com/blog/2017/06/02/uscgc-eagle-port-canaveral/ |title=USCGC Eagle |publisher=Lots of Honor |date=2 June 2017 |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006015533/http://www.lotsofhonor.com/blog/2017/06/02/uscgc-eagle-port-canaveral/ |archive-date=6 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> | * {{USCGC|Eagle|WIX-327|6}}: A {{convert|295|ft|adj=on}} sailing barque used as a training ship for Coast Guard Academy cadets and Coast Guard officer candidates. She was originally built in Germany as [[Horst Wessel#Memorial namings|''Horst Wessel'']], and was seized by the United States as a [[prize of war]] in 1945.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/wixtrain.asp|website=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters|title=U.S. Coast Guard Barque Eagle (WIX-327)|date=28 June 2013|access-date=14 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110061929/http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/wixtrain.asp|archive-date=10 January 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lotsofhonor.com/blog/2017/06/02/uscgc-eagle-port-canaveral/ |title=USCGC Eagle |publisher=Lots of Honor |date=2 June 2017 |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006015533/http://www.lotsofhonor.com/blog/2017/06/02/uscgc-eagle-port-canaveral/ |archive-date=6 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
* {{USCGC|Mackinaw|WLBB-30|6}}: A {{convert|240|ft|m|0|adj=on}} heavy icebreaker built for operations on the [[Great Lakes]]. | * {{USCGC|Mackinaw|WLBB-30|6}}: A {{convert|240|ft|m|0|adj=on}} heavy icebreaker built for operations on the [[Great Lakes]]. | ||
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The [[United States Coast Guard Reserve]] is the reserve military force of the Coast Guard.<ref name=14USC704>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |title=14 USC PART II—Coast Guard Reserve and Auxiliary |year=2011 |website=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |access-date=9 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102131517/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Coast Guard Reserve was founded on 19 February 1941. The Coast Guard has 8700 reservists<ref name="uscg.mil"/> who normally drill two days a month and an additional 12 days of active duty each year, although many perform additional drill and active duty periods, to include those mobilized to extended active duty. Coast Guard reservists possess the same training and qualifications as their active duty counterparts, and as such, can be found augmenting active duty Coast Guard units every day.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} | The [[United States Coast Guard Reserve]] is the reserve military force of the Coast Guard.<ref name=14USC704>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |title=14 USC PART II—Coast Guard Reserve and Auxiliary |year=2011 |website=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] |access-date=9 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102131517/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title14/pdf/USCODE-2011-title14-partII-chap21.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Coast Guard Reserve was founded on 19 February 1941. The Coast Guard has 8700 reservists<ref name="uscg.mil"/> who normally drill two days a month and an additional 12 days of active duty each year, although many perform additional drill and active duty periods, to include those mobilized to extended active duty. Coast Guard reservists possess the same training and qualifications as their active duty counterparts, and as such, can be found augmenting active duty Coast Guard units every day.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} | ||
During the | During the Vietnam War and shortly thereafter, the Coast Guard considered abandoning the reserve program, but the force was instead reoriented into force augmentation, where its principal focus was not just reserve operations, but to add to the readiness and mission execution of every-day active duty personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenges at many levels: Holistic view of readiness allows Army to meet new demands |url=https://www.army.mil/article/233273/challenges_at_many_levels_holistic_view_of_readiness_allows_army_to_meet_new_demands |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=www.army.mil |date=2 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
Since 11 September 2001, reservists have been activated and served on tours of active duty, to include deployments to the [[Persian Gulf]] and also as parts of Department of Defense combatant commands such as the [[United States Northern Command|U.S. Northern]] and [[United States Central Command|Central]] Commands. Coast Guard [[Port Security Unit]]s are entirely staffed with reservists, except for five to seven active duty personnel. Additionally, most of the staffing the Coast Guard provides to the [[Navy Expeditionary Combat Command]] are reservists.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021 |title=Assessing the Health Readiness of Coast Guard Reservists: Results from Coast Guard Reserve Respondents to the HRBS |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/ig149.7 |doi=10.7249/ig149.7|s2cid=241884762 }}</ref> | Since 11 September 2001, reservists have been activated and served on tours of active duty, to include deployments to the [[Persian Gulf]] and also as parts of Department of Defense combatant commands such as the [[United States Northern Command|U.S. Northern]] and [[United States Central Command|Central]] Commands. Coast Guard [[Port Security Unit]]s are entirely staffed with reservists, except for five to seven active duty personnel. Additionally, most of the staffing the Coast Guard provides to the [[Navy Expeditionary Combat Command]] are reservists.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021 |title=Assessing the Health Readiness of Coast Guard Reservists: Results from Coast Guard Reserve Respondents to the HRBS |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/ig149.7 |doi=10.7249/ig149.7|s2cid=241884762 }}</ref> | ||
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There have been women in the United States Coast Guard since 1918, and women continue to serve in it today.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ |title=Women in the military — international |date=30 May 2006 |work=CBC News |url-status=dead |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518040804/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ }}</ref><ref name=WHC>"Women's History Chronology", Women & the U. S. Coast Guard, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office</ref><ref name="womensmemorial">{{cite web |url=http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |title=Women In Military Service For America Memorial |publisher=Womensmemorial.org |date=27 July 1950 |accessdate=8 September 2013 |archive-date=3 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403045042/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | There have been women in the United States Coast Guard since 1918, and women continue to serve in it today.<ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ |title=Women in the military — international |date=30 May 2006 |work=CBC News |url-status=dead |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518040804/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/military-international/ }}</ref><ref name=WHC>"Women's History Chronology", Women & the U. S. Coast Guard, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office</ref><ref name="womensmemorial">{{cite web |url=http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |title=Women In Military Service For America Memorial |publisher=Womensmemorial.org |date=27 July 1950 |accessdate=8 September 2013 |archive-date=3 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403045042/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
During | During World War I, in January 1918, radio and telegraph operator [[Myrtle Hazard]] enlisted as an electrician. She was the only woman to serve during the war and she is the namesake of [[USCGC Myrtle Hazard|USCGC ''Myrtle Hazard'' .]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long Blue Line: Myrtle Hazard—first woman in the United States Coast Guard |url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Research/THE-LONG-BLUE-LINE/Article/3382820/the-long-blue-line-myrtle-hazardfirst-woman-in-the-united-states-coast-guard/https://www.history.uscg.mil/Research/THE-LONG-BLUE-LINE/Article/3382820/the-long-blue-line-myrtle-hazardfirst-woman-in-the-united-states-coast-guard/ |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=United States Coast Guard |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> While some newspapers reported that twin sisters Genevieve and Lucille Baker were the first women to serve in the Coast Guard, their attempt to enlist was rejected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vojvodich |first=Donna |date=2023-03-24 |title=The Long Blue Line: The Baker Twins—Re-searching the first female Coasties - or were they? |url=https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3311017/the-long-blue-line-the-baker-twinsre-searching-the-first-female-coasties-or-wer/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324225445/https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3311017/the-long-blue-line-the-baker-twinsre-searching-the-first-female-coasties-or-wer/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2023 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=United States Coast Guard |language=en-US }}</ref> | ||
==Coast Guard Auxiliary== | ==Coast Guard Auxiliary== | ||
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{{See also|Awards and decorations of the United States military}} | {{See also|Awards and decorations of the United States military}} | ||
One Coast Guardsman, [[Douglas Albert Munro]], has earned the | One Coast Guardsman, [[Douglas Albert Munro]], has earned the Medal of Honor, the highest military award of the United States.<ref name="Munro">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/history/people/MunroDouglasIndex.asp |title=SM1c Douglas Albert Munro |website=Coast Guard Historian's Office |date=10 October 2012 |access-date=13 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031071727/http://www.uscg.mil/history/people/MunroDouglasIndex.asp |archive-date=31 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fifty five Coast Guardsmen have earned the [[Navy Cross]] and numerous men and women have earned the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (USA)|Distinguished Flying Cross]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} | ||
The highest peacetime decoration awarded within the Coast Guard is the [[Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal]]; prior to the transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, the highest peacetime decoration was the [[Department of Transportation Distinguished Service Medal]]. The highest unit award available is the [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Presidential Unit Citation's history of heroism | author=Joshua Skovlund |date=1 September 2023 |url=https://taskandpurpose.com/news/presidential-unit-citation/ | access-date=25 Dec 2023}}</ref> | The highest peacetime decoration awarded within the Coast Guard is the [[Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal]]; prior to the transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, the highest peacetime decoration was the [[Department of Transportation Distinguished Service Medal]]. The highest unit award available is the [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Presidential Unit Citation's history of heroism | author=Joshua Skovlund |date=1 September 2023 |url=https://taskandpurpose.com/news/presidential-unit-citation/ | access-date=25 Dec 2023}}</ref> | ||
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In wartime, members of the Coast Guard are eligible to receive the Navy version of the Medal of Honor. A Coast Guard Medal of Honor is authorized but has not yet been developed or issued.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 June 2012 |title=Medal of Honor, Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.navy.mil/moh/faq.html |access-date=30 January 2022 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605001140/http://www.navy.mil/moh/faq.html |archive-date=5 June 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | In wartime, members of the Coast Guard are eligible to receive the Navy version of the Medal of Honor. A Coast Guard Medal of Honor is authorized but has not yet been developed or issued.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 June 2012 |title=Medal of Honor, Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.navy.mil/moh/faq.html |access-date=30 January 2022 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605001140/http://www.navy.mil/moh/faq.html |archive-date=5 June 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
In May 2006, at the Change of Command ceremony when Admiral [[Thad Allen]] took over as Commandant, President | In May 2006, at the Change of Command ceremony when Admiral [[Thad Allen]] took over as Commandant, President George W. Bush awarded the entire Coast Guard, including the Coast Guard Auxiliary, the [[Presidential Unit Citation (US)|Coast Guard Presidential Unit Citation]] with hurricane device, for its efforts during and after [[Hurricane Katrina]] and [[Hurricane Rita|Tropical Storm Rita]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Coast Guard Presidential Unit Citation|url=http://www.militarymedals.com/medals/coast-guard-presidential-unit-citation/|access-date=16 July 2021|website=Military Medals|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
==Notable Coast Guardsmen== | ==Notable Coast Guardsmen== | ||
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Vice Admiral [[Thad Allen]] in 2005 was named Principal Federal Officer to oversee recovery efforts in the Gulf Region after [[Hurricane Katrina]]. After promotion to Admiral, on the eve of his retirement as Commandant, Allen again received national visibility after being named National Incident Commander overseeing the response efforts of the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]]. | Vice Admiral [[Thad Allen]] in 2005 was named Principal Federal Officer to oversee recovery efforts in the Gulf Region after [[Hurricane Katrina]]. After promotion to Admiral, on the eve of his retirement as Commandant, Allen again received national visibility after being named National Incident Commander overseeing the response efforts of the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]]. | ||
Former Coast Guard officers have been appointed to numerous civilian government offices. After retiring as Commandant of the Coast Guard in 2002, Admiral [[James Loy]] went on to serve as [[United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security]]. After their respective Coast Guard careers, [[Carlton Skinner]] served as the first [[Civilian Governor of Guam]]; [[G. William Miller]], 65th [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]], and retired Vice Admiral [[Harvey E. Johnson Jr.]] served as Deputy Administrator and Chief Operating Officer of the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) under President | Former Coast Guard officers have been appointed to numerous civilian government offices. After retiring as Commandant of the Coast Guard in 2002, Admiral [[James Loy]] went on to serve as [[United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security]]. After their respective Coast Guard careers, [[Carlton Skinner]] served as the first [[Civilian Governor of Guam]]; [[G. William Miller]], 65th [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]], and retired Vice Admiral [[Harvey E. Johnson Jr.]] served as Deputy Administrator and Chief Operating Officer of the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) under President George W. Bush. Rear Admiral [[Stephen W. Rochon]] was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as the Director of the Executive Residence and [[White House Chief Usher]], beginning service on 12 March 2007, and continued to serve in the same capacity under President [[Barack Obama]]. | ||
Two Coast Guard aviators, Commander [[Bruce E. Melnick]] and Captain [[Daniel C. Burbank]], have served as [[NASA]] [[astronauts]]. [[Coast Guard Reserve]] Commander [[Andre Douglas]] was selected in 2021 to join [[NASA Astronaut Group 23]].<ref name="Shapiro">{{cite web |last1=Shapiro |first1=Zach |title=Meet the Newest Coast Guard Astronaut |url=https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3727555/meet-the-newest-coast-guard-astronaut/ |website=MyCG |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard |access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref> | Two Coast Guard aviators, Commander [[Bruce E. Melnick]] and Captain [[Daniel C. Burbank]], have served as [[NASA]] [[astronauts]]. [[Coast Guard Reserve]] Commander [[Andre Douglas]] was selected in 2021 to join [[NASA Astronaut Group 23]].<ref name="Shapiro">{{cite web |last1=Shapiro |first1=Zach |title=Meet the Newest Coast Guard Astronaut |url=https://www.mycg.uscg.mil/News/Article/3727555/meet-the-newest-coast-guard-astronaut/ |website=MyCG |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard |access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref> | ||
Signalman First Class [[Douglas Albert Munro]] was awarded the | Signalman First Class [[Douglas Albert Munro]] was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously, and is the only Coast Guardsman to ever receive this honor. | ||
==Organizations== | ==Organizations== | ||
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{{Commons category|United States Coast Guard}} | {{Commons category|United States Coast Guard}} | ||
*{{Official website}} | *{{Official website}} | ||
[http://www.uscg.mil/top/about/ About U.S. Coast Guard] | |||
[http://www.uscg.mil/magazine Coast Guard Magazine] | |||
[https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Featured-Content/Proceedings-Magazine/ USCG Proceedings Magazine] | |||
[https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/Our-Organization/Assistant-Commandant-for-C4IT-CG-6/The-Office-of-Information-Management-CG-61/About-CG-Directives-System/ Coast Guard Directives and Publications] | |||
[http://www.uscg.mil/history/articles/Coast_Guard_Flags.asp Coast Guard Flags] | |||
[https://homeport.uscg.mil/ USCG Homeport Website] | |||
* {{cite web |last1=Tilley |first1=J. A. |title=A History of Women in the Coast Guard |url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Browse-by-Topic/Notable-People/Women/ |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office |access-date=10 May 2020}} Women & the U. S. Coast Guard | * {{cite web |last1=Tilley |first1=J. A. |title=A History of Women in the Coast Guard |url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Browse-by-Topic/Notable-People/Women/ |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office |access-date=10 May 2020}} Women & the U. S. Coast Guard | ||
* {{cite web |title=Women in the U. S. Coast Guard: Moments in History |url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Browse-by-Topic/Notable-People/Women/Women-in-Coast-Guard-Historical-Chronology/ |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office |access-date=10 May 2020 |date=4 December 2019}} | * {{cite web |title=Women in the U. S. Coast Guard: Moments in History |url=https://www.history.uscg.mil/Browse-by-Topic/Notable-People/Women/Women-in-Coast-Guard-Historical-Chronology/ |publisher=U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office |access-date=10 May 2020 |date=4 December 2019}} | ||