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The '''Federal Housing Finance Agency''' ('''FHFA''') is an [[independent agencies of the United States government|independent federal agency in the United States]] created as the successor [[regulatory agency]] of the [[Federal Housing Finance Board]] (FHFB), the [[Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight]] (OFHEO), and the U.S. [[Department of Housing and Urban Development]] government-sponsored enterprise mission team,<ref>FHFA. [http://www.fhfa.gov/Default.aspx?Page=4 About FHFA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611195553/http://www.fhfa.gov/Default.aspx?Page=4 |date=2010-06-11 }}.</ref> absorbing the powers and regulatory authority of both entities, with expanded legal and regulatory authority, including the ability to place [[government-sponsored enterprise]]s (GSEs) into [[receivership]] or [[conservatorship]].<ref>
The '''Federal Housing Finance Agency''' ('''FHFA''') is an [[independent agencies of the United States government|independent federal agency in the United States]] created as the successor [[regulatory agency]] of the Federal Housing Finance Board (FHFB), the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO), and the U.S. [[Department of Housing and Urban Development]] government-sponsored enterprise mission team,<ref>FHFA. [http://www.fhfa.gov/Default.aspx?Page=4 About FHFA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611195553/http://www.fhfa.gov/Default.aspx?Page=4 |date=2010-06-11 }}.</ref> absorbing the powers and regulatory authority of both entities, with expanded legal and regulatory authority, including the ability to place [[government-sponsored enterprise]]s (GSEs) into [[receivership]] or [[conservatorship]].<ref>
{{USBill|110|HR|3221|pipe=Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008}}
{{USBill|110|HR|3221|pipe=Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=10-Q, August 6, 2008 |url=http://ir.10kwizard.com/files.php?source=1372&welc_next=1&XCOMP=0&fg=23 |publisher=Freddie Mac |date=2008-08-06 |quote=The Regulatory Reform Act replaces the conservatorship provisions previously applicable to the enterprise with conservatorship and receivership provisions based generally on federal banking law. The Regulatory Reform Act expands the grounds for which an enterprise may be placed into conservatorship, establishes the grounds for which an enterprise may be placed into receivership, and provides for appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver. |access-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116004851/http://ir.10kwizard.com/files.php?source=1372&welc_next=1&XCOMP=0&fg=23 |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name='FHFA-Conservatorship-2008-09-07'>{{cite news|title=Fact Sheet: Questions and Answers on Conservatorship |date=2008-09-07 |publisher=Federal Housing Finance Agency |url=http://www.ofheo.gov/media/PDF/FHFACONSERVQA.pdf |access-date=2008-09-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909183946/http://www.ofheo.gov/media/PDF/FHFACONSERVQA.pdf |archive-date=September 9, 2008 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=10-Q, August 6, 2008 |url=http://ir.10kwizard.com/files.php?source=1372&welc_next=1&XCOMP=0&fg=23 |publisher=Freddie Mac |date=2008-08-06 |quote=The Regulatory Reform Act replaces the conservatorship provisions previously applicable to the enterprise with conservatorship and receivership provisions based generally on federal banking law. The Regulatory Reform Act expands the grounds for which an enterprise may be placed into conservatorship, establishes the grounds for which an enterprise may be placed into receivership, and provides for appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver. |access-date=September 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116004851/http://ir.10kwizard.com/files.php?source=1372&welc_next=1&XCOMP=0&fg=23 |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name='FHFA-Conservatorship-2008-09-07'>{{cite news|title=Fact Sheet: Questions and Answers on Conservatorship |date=2008-09-07 |publisher=Federal Housing Finance Agency |url=http://www.ofheo.gov/media/PDF/FHFACONSERVQA.pdf |access-date=2008-09-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909183946/http://www.ofheo.gov/media/PDF/FHFACONSERVQA.pdf |archive-date=September 9, 2008 }}
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==History==
==History==
The law establishing the FHFA is the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, which is Division A of the larger [[Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008]], Public Law 110-289, signed on July 30, 2008 by President [[George W. Bush]]. One year after the law was signed, the OFHEO and the FHFB went out of existence. All existing regulations, orders and decisions of OFHEO and the Finance Board remain in effect until modified or superseded.<ref>HR 3221, signed into law as Public Law 110-289: ''A bill to provide needed housing reform and for other purposes.''<br/>Access to Legislative History: Library of Congress: [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h.r.03221: A bill to provide needed housing reform and for other purposes.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918041801/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h.r.03221: |date=2008-09-18 }}<br/>White House pre-signing statement: [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/legislative/sap/110-2/saphr3221-h.pdf Statement of Administration Policy: H.R. 3221 – Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130114333/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/legislative/sap/110-2/saphr3221-h.pdf |date=2020-11-30 }} (July 23, 2008). Executive office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Washington DC.</ref>
The law establishing the FHFA is the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, which is Division A of the larger [[Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008]], Public Law 110-289, signed on July 30, 2008 by President George W. Bush. One year after the law was signed, the OFHEO and the FHFB went out of existence. All existing regulations, orders and decisions of OFHEO and the Finance Board remain in effect until modified or superseded.<ref>HR 3221, signed into law as Public Law 110-289: ''A bill to provide needed housing reform and for other purposes.''<br/>Access to Legislative History: Library of Congress: [http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h.r.03221: A bill to provide needed housing reform and for other purposes.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918041801/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h.r.03221: |date=2008-09-18 }}<br/>White House pre-signing statement: [https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/legislative/sap/110-2/saphr3221-h.pdf Statement of Administration Policy: H.R. 3221 – Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130114333/https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/omb/legislative/sap/110-2/saphr3221-h.pdf |date=2020-11-30 }} (July 23, 2008). Executive office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Washington DC.</ref>


On the day of the law's signing, former Director [[James B. Lockhart III|James Lockhart]] stated:<ref name='FHFA-Lockhart-2008-07-30'>{{cite news|first=James B. |last=Lockhart |title=Statement of Director James B. Lockhart on the Creation of FHFA |date=2008-07-30 |url=http://www.ofheo.gov/media/gsesign.pdf |work=(Press Release) |publisher=Federal Housing Finance Agency |access-date=2008-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916075021/http://www.ofheo.gov/media/gsesign.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2008 }}  
On the day of the law's signing, former Director [[James B. Lockhart III|James Lockhart]] stated:<ref name='FHFA-Lockhart-2008-07-30'>{{cite news|first=James B. |last=Lockhart |title=Statement of Director James B. Lockhart on the Creation of FHFA |date=2008-07-30 |url=http://www.ofheo.gov/media/gsesign.pdf |work=(Press Release) |publisher=Federal Housing Finance Agency |access-date=2008-09-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916075021/http://www.ofheo.gov/media/gsesign.pdf |archive-date=September 16, 2008 }}  
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The Federal Housing Finance Agency initiated litigation against 18 financial institutions involving allegations of securities law violations and, in some instances, fraud in the sale of private-label securities (PLS) to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency initiated litigation against 18 financial institutions involving allegations of securities law violations and, in some instances, fraud in the sale of private-label securities (PLS) to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.


Below is a list of the cases, with amounts of any settlements reached in 2013 and 2014.<ref>FHFA [http://www.fhfa.gov/Media/PublicAffairs/Pages/FHFAs-Update-on-Private-Label-Securities-Actions.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322234405/http://www.fhfa.gov/Media/PublicAffairs/Pages/FHFAs-Update-on-Private-Label-Securities-Actions.aspx|date=2015-03-22}} Press release</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/fhfa-lawsuits-sampling-idUSL1E8N408C20121204 |title=FHFA lawsuits |newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=4 December 2012 |access-date=2021-07-05 |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408144424/https://www.reuters.com/article/fhfa-lawsuits-sampling-idUSL1E8N408C20121204 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Below is a list of the cases, with amounts of any settlements reached in 2013 and 2014.<ref>FHFA [http://www.fhfa.gov/Media/PublicAffairs/Pages/FHFAs-Update-on-Private-Label-Securities-Actions.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322234405/http://www.fhfa.gov/Media/PublicAffairs/Pages/FHFAs-Update-on-Private-Label-Securities-Actions.aspx|date=2015-03-22}} Press release</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/fhfa-lawsuits-sampling-idUSL1E8N408C20121204 |title=FHFA lawsuits |newspaper=Reuters|date=4 December 2012 |access-date=2021-07-05 |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408144424/https://www.reuters.com/article/fhfa-lawsuits-sampling-idUSL1E8N408C20121204 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>Justice department [https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/61620131119191331856335.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028112133/https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/61620131119191331856335.pdf|date=2020-10-28}} settlement agreement</ref>
<ref>Justice department [https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/61620131119191331856335.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028112133/https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/61620131119191331856335.pdf|date=2020-10-28}} settlement agreement</ref>
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Upon Lockhart's departure, [[Edward DeMarco]] was appointed Acting Director of FHFA on August 25, 2009.<ref>{{cite web| title= FHFA's DeMarco to be Replaced Early Next Year: WSJ| url= http://www.mortgagenewsdaily.com/12102012_gse_conservatorship.asp| publisher= Mortgage Mews Daily| date= December 10, 2012| access-date= December 18, 2013| archive-date= December 19, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219011258/http://www.mortgagenewsdaily.com/12102012_gse_conservatorship.asp| url-status= live}}</ref>
Upon Lockhart's departure, [[Edward DeMarco]] was appointed Acting Director of FHFA on August 25, 2009.<ref>{{cite web| title= FHFA's DeMarco to be Replaced Early Next Year: WSJ| url= http://www.mortgagenewsdaily.com/12102012_gse_conservatorship.asp| publisher= Mortgage Mews Daily| date= December 10, 2012| access-date= December 18, 2013| archive-date= December 19, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219011258/http://www.mortgagenewsdaily.com/12102012_gse_conservatorship.asp| url-status= live}}</ref>


On May 1, 2013, President [[Barack Obama]] nominated [[Mel Watt]] as the next FHFA head.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-01/obama-said-to-choose-watt-to-lead-fannie-mae-regulator.html | title =Obama Said to Choose Watt to Lead Fannie Mae Regulator | author =Hopkins, Cheyenne | author2 =Benson, Clea | publisher =Bloomberg | date =May 1, 2013 | access-date =2017-03-07 | archive-date =2017-03-12 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033913/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-01/obama-said-to-choose-watt-to-lead-fannie-mae-regulator.html/ | url-status =live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-fhfa-mel-watt-demarco-fannie-freddie-20130501,0,7434016.story | title =Obama to nominate Democratic Rep. Mel Watt to head housing agency | author =Puzzanghera, Jim | work =Los Angeles Times | date =May 1, 2013 | access-date =December 18, 2013 | archive-date =November 6, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131106051356/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-fhfa-mel-watt-demarco-fannie-freddie-20130501,0,7434016.story | url-status =live }}</ref>  After Democrats [[nuclear option|eliminated rules allowing filibusters on executive branch nominations]], the U.S. Senate confirmed Watt on December 10, 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-mel-watt-fhfa-fannie-mae-freddie-mac-20131210,0,1179292.story| title= Senate confirms Rep. Mel Watt as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac regulator| date= December 10, 2013| work=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date= December 18, 2013| archive-date= December 18, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131218064623/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-mel-watt-fhfa-fannie-mae-freddie-mac-20131210,0,1179292.story| url-status= live}}</ref>
On May 1, 2013, President [[Barack Obama]] nominated [[Mel Watt]] as the next FHFA head.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-01/obama-said-to-choose-watt-to-lead-fannie-mae-regulator.html | title =Obama Said to Choose Watt to Lead Fannie Mae Regulator | author =Hopkins, Cheyenne | author2 =Benson, Clea | publisher =Bloomberg | date =May 1, 2013 | access-date =2017-03-07 | archive-date =2017-03-12 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033913/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-01/obama-said-to-choose-watt-to-lead-fannie-mae-regulator.html/ | url-status =live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-fhfa-mel-watt-demarco-fannie-freddie-20130501,0,7434016.story | title =Obama to nominate Democratic Rep. Mel Watt to head housing agency | author =Puzzanghera, Jim | work =Los Angeles Times | date =May 1, 2013 | access-date =December 18, 2013 | archive-date =November 6, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131106051356/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-fhfa-mel-watt-demarco-fannie-freddie-20130501,0,7434016.story | url-status =live }}</ref>  After Democrats [[nuclear option|eliminated rules allowing filibusters on executive branch nominations]], the U.S. Senate confirmed Watt on December 10, 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-mel-watt-fhfa-fannie-mae-freddie-mac-20131210,0,1179292.story| title= Senate confirms Rep. Mel Watt as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac regulator| date= December 10, 2013| work=Los Angeles Times| access-date= December 18, 2013| archive-date= December 18, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131218064623/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-mel-watt-fhfa-fannie-mae-freddie-mac-20131210,0,1179292.story| url-status= live}}</ref>


On December 21, 2018, President [[Donald Trump]] designated Comptroller of the currency [[Joseph Otting]] to be Acting Director of FHFA upon completion of Director Watt's term, effective January 7, 2019.<ref>[https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2018/nr-occ-2018-140.html President Trump Names Joseph M. Otting Acting Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228223306/https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2018/nr-occ-2018-140.html |date=2018-12-28 }}. NR 2017-140. December 21, 2018</ref>
On December 21, 2018, President [[Donald Trump]] designated Comptroller of the currency [[Joseph Otting]] to be Acting Director of FHFA upon completion of Director Watt's term, effective January 7, 2019.<ref>[https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2018/nr-occ-2018-140.html President Trump Names Joseph M. Otting Acting Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228223306/https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2018/nr-occ-2018-140.html |date=2018-12-28 }}. NR 2017-140. December 21, 2018</ref>
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<ref name="nyt17suits">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/03/business/bank-suits-over-mortgages-are-filed.html | title=Federal Regulators Sue Big Banks Over Mortgages | work=The New York Times | date=Sep 3, 2011 | access-date=Sep 6, 2011 | last1=Schwartz | first1=Nelson D. | last2=Roose | first2=Kevin | archive-date=December 20, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220041312/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/03/business/bank-suits-over-mortgages-are-filed.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="nyt17suits">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/03/business/bank-suits-over-mortgages-are-filed.html | title=Federal Regulators Sue Big Banks Over Mortgages | work=The New York Times | date=Sep 3, 2011 | access-date=Sep 6, 2011 | last1=Schwartz | first1=Nelson D. | last2=Roose | first2=Kevin | archive-date=December 20, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220041312/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/03/business/bank-suits-over-mortgages-are-filed.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="salon17suits">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/news/mortgage_crisis/index.html?story=%2Ftech%2Fhtww%2F2011%2F09%2F06%2Ffhfa_lawsuit_against_banks | title=The bungled politics of bank bashing | work=[[Salon.com|Salon]] | date=Sep 6, 2011 | access-date=Sep 6, 2011 | last=Leonard | first=Andrew | archive-date=September 7, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907115505/http://www.salon.com/news/mortgage_crisis/index.html?story=%2Ftech%2Fhtww%2F2011%2F09%2F06%2Ffhfa_lawsuit_against_banks | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="salon17suits">{{cite news | url=http://www.salon.com/news/mortgage_crisis/index.html?story=%2Ftech%2Fhtww%2F2011%2F09%2F06%2Ffhfa_lawsuit_against_banks | title=The bungled politics of bank bashing | work=[[Salon.com|Salon]] | date=Sep 6, 2011 | access-date=Sep 6, 2011 | last=Leonard | first=Andrew | archive-date=September 7, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907115505/http://www.salon.com/news/mortgage_crisis/index.html?story=%2Ftech%2Fhtww%2F2011%2F09%2F06%2Ffhfa_lawsuit_against_banks | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="salmontable">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/09/03/the-fhfa-lawsuit-league-table/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017175716/http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/09/03/the-fhfa-lawsuit-league-table/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=October 17, 2011 | title=The FHFA lawsuit league table | publisher=[[Reuters]] | work=Felix Salmon Blog | date=Sep 2, 2011 | access-date=Sep 6, 2011 | last=Salmon |first=Felix}}</ref>
<ref name="salmontable">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/09/03/the-fhfa-lawsuit-league-table/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017175716/http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/09/03/the-fhfa-lawsuit-league-table/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=October 17, 2011 | title=The FHFA lawsuit league table | publisher=Reuters | work=Felix Salmon Blog | date=Sep 2, 2011 | access-date=Sep 6, 2011 | last=Salmon |first=Felix}}</ref>
<ref name="Slate2021-06-24">{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Mark Joseph |date=2021-06-24 |title=A Scheme to Blow Up the Housing Market Backfired Spectacularly at the Supreme Court |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/06/collins-yellen-supreme-court-fhfa-backfire.html |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625000141/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/06/collins-yellen-supreme-court-fhfa-backfire.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Slate2021-06-24">{{Cite web |last=Stern |first=Mark Joseph |date=2021-06-24 |title=A Scheme to Blow Up the Housing Market Backfired Spectacularly at the Supreme Court |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/06/collins-yellen-supreme-court-fhfa-backfire.html |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625000141/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/06/collins-yellen-supreme-court-fhfa-backfire.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="USTreasury2008-09-07">{{cite press release |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/20089711172217483.aspx |title=Treasury and Federal Housing Finance Agency Action to Protect Financial Markets and Taxpayers |date=September 7, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Dept of Treasury |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625185926/https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/20089711172217483.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>  
<ref name="USTreasury2008-09-07">{{cite press release |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/20089711172217483.aspx |title=Treasury and Federal Housing Finance Agency Action to Protect Financial Markets and Taxpayers |date=September 7, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Dept of Treasury |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625185926/https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/20089711172217483.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>  
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{{2008 economic crisis}}
{{2008 economic crisis}}
{{Bank regulation in the United States}}
{{Bank regulation in the United States}}
{{US housing by state}}
 
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Federal Housing Finance Agency]]
[[Category:Federal Housing Finance Agency]]
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