Vermont: Difference between revisions

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| OfficialLang = None
| OfficialLang = None
| population_demonym = Vermonter
| population_demonym = Vermonter
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Phil Scott]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])}}
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Phil Scott]] (R)}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[David Zuckerman (politician)|David Zuckerman]] ([[Vermont Progressive Party|P]])}}
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[David Zuckerman (politician)|David Zuckerman]] ([[Vermont Progressive Party|P]])}}
| Legislature = [[Vermont General Assembly|General Assembly]]
| Legislature = [[Vermont General Assembly|General Assembly]]
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[[File:1827 Finley Map of Vermont - Geographicus - Vermont-finely-1827.jpg|thumb|right|Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed.]]
[[File:1827 Finley Map of Vermont - Geographicus - Vermont-finely-1827.jpg|thumb|right|Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed.]]


From the mid-1850s on, some Vermonters became [[Abolitionism|abolitionists]], which they had previously worked to contain in the South. Abolitionist [[Thaddeus Stevens]] was born in Vermont and later represented a district in Pennsylvania in Congress. He developed as a national leader and later promoted [[Radical Republicans|Radical Republican]] goals after the American Civil War. As the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] declined and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] grew, Vermont supported Republican candidates. In 1860, it voted for Abraham Lincoln, giving him the largest margin of victory of any state.<ref>{{cite book| last = Trefousse| first = Hans| author-link = Hans Trefousse| year = 1997| title = Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian| publisher = University of North Carolina Press| location = Chapel Hill, NC| isbn = 978-0-8078-5666-6 }}</ref>
From the mid-1850s on, some Vermonters became [[Abolitionism|abolitionists]], which they had previously worked to contain in the South. Abolitionist [[Thaddeus Stevens]] was born in Vermont and later represented a district in Pennsylvania in Congress. He developed as a national leader and later promoted [[Radical Republicans|Radical Republican]] goals after the American Civil War. As the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] declined and the Republican Party grew, Vermont supported Republican candidates. In 1860, it voted for Abraham Lincoln, giving him the largest margin of victory of any state.<ref>{{cite book| last = Trefousse| first = Hans| author-link = Hans Trefousse| year = 1997| title = Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian| publisher = University of North Carolina Press| location = Chapel Hill, NC| isbn = 978-0-8078-5666-6 }}</ref>


During the American Civil War, Vermont sent 33,288 troops into United States service, of which 5,224 (more than 15 percent) died.<ref>{{cite web
During the American Civil War, Vermont sent 33,288 troops into United States service, of which 5,224 (more than 15 percent) died.<ref>{{cite web
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[[Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport]] is the largest in the state, with regular flights to [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]], [[Chicago O'Hare|Chicago]], [[Denver International Airport|Denver]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]], [[Dulles Airport|Washington Dulles]], [[JFK Airport|JFK]], [[LaGuardia Airport|LaGuardia]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Orlando Sanford International Airport|Orlando]], and [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]]. Airlines serving the airport include [[American Airlines|American]], [[Breeze Airways|Breeze]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Sun Country Airlines|Sun Country]], and [[United Airlines|United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|title=BTV secures second Denver direct flight|last=Staff|date=February 8, 2019|website=Vermont Business Magazine|language=en|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523165602/https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Beta Technologies]] operates an [[eVTOL]] manufacturing and testing facility at the airport. Additionally, the airport houses the 134th fighter squadron of the 158th fighter wing. Known as the "[[Green Mountain Boys]]", the squadron is armed with the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] and is tasked with protecting the Northeastern United States from the air.
[[Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport]] is the largest in the state, with regular flights to [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]], [[Chicago O'Hare|Chicago]], [[Denver International Airport|Denver]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]], [[Dulles Airport|Washington Dulles]], [[JFK Airport|JFK]], [[LaGuardia Airport|LaGuardia]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Orlando Sanford International Airport|Orlando]], and [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]]. Airlines serving the airport include [[American Airlines|American]], [[Breeze Airways|Breeze]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Sun Country Airlines|Sun Country]], and [[United Airlines|United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|title=BTV secures second Denver direct flight|last=Staff|date=February 8, 2019|website=Vermont Business Magazine|language=en|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523165602/https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Beta Technologies]] operates an [[eVTOL]] manufacturing and testing facility at the airport. Additionally, the airport houses the 134th fighter squadron of the 158th fighter wing. Known as the "[[Green Mountain Boys]]", the squadron is armed with the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] and is tasked with protecting the Northeastern United States from the air.


[[Rutland–Southern Vermont Regional Airport|Rutland-Southern Vermont Regional Airport]] has three daily flights to [[Boston]] via [[Cape Air]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rutland Southern Vermont Regional Airport (RUT) – Connecting Southern Vermont to the World |url=https://flyrutlandvt.com/ |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=flyrutlandvt.com}}</ref>
[[Rutland–Southern Vermont Regional Airport|Rutland-Southern Vermont Regional Airport]] has three daily flights to Boston via [[Cape Air]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rutland Southern Vermont Regional Airport (RUT) – Connecting Southern Vermont to the World |url=https://flyrutlandvt.com/ |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=flyrutlandvt.com}}</ref>


==Media==
==Media==
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In 2014, Vermont became the first state to mandate labeling of genetically modified organisms in the retail food supply.
In 2014, Vermont became the first state to mandate labeling of genetically modified organisms in the retail food supply.


A distinctive law of Vermont is public nudity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/vermont-law/vermont-indecent-exposure-laws.html#:~:text=Unlike%20most%20states%20in%20this,your%20city's%20public%20nudity%20ordinances|title=Vermont Indecent Exposure Laws - FindLaw.com}}</ref> The state's legislation calls for nudity in public to be a constitutional right of Vermonters, so long as "lewd and lascivious" acts are not performed in public view,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/arts-culture/wtf-why-is-public-nudity-legal-in-vermont-but-public-disrobing-isnt-2804753|title=WTF: Why Is Public Nudity Legal in Vermont But Public Disrobing Isn't?|first=Ken|last=Picard|website=Seven Days}}</ref> and that the nudist does not undress in the presence of others. One reason this law was implemented is to protect skinny-dippers who frequent swimming holes, a long-time tradition in the state. There are other restrictions and bylaws on the municipal level concerning problematic nudity, but walking in the nude is legally protected in all 251 towns and cities in Vermont.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN18231851/|title=Vermont town bans public nudity after brash displays &#124; Reuters|website=[[Reuters]] }}</ref>
A distinctive law of Vermont is public nudity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/vermont-law/vermont-indecent-exposure-laws.html#:~:text=Unlike%20most%20states%20in%20this,your%20city's%20public%20nudity%20ordinances|title=Vermont Indecent Exposure Laws - FindLaw.com}}</ref> The state's legislation calls for nudity in public to be a constitutional right of Vermonters, so long as "lewd and lascivious" acts are not performed in public view,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/arts-culture/wtf-why-is-public-nudity-legal-in-vermont-but-public-disrobing-isnt-2804753|title=WTF: Why Is Public Nudity Legal in Vermont But Public Disrobing Isn't?|first=Ken|last=Picard|website=Seven Days}}</ref> and that the nudist does not undress in the presence of others. One reason this law was implemented is to protect skinny-dippers who frequent swimming holes, a long-time tradition in the state. There are other restrictions and bylaws on the municipal level concerning problematic nudity, but walking in the nude is legally protected in all 251 towns and cities in Vermont.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN18231851/|title=Vermont town bans public nudity after brash displays &#124; Reuters|website=Reuters }}</ref>


In January 2018, Governor [[Phil Scott]] opted to sign H.511, the Vermont marijuana legalization bill, which allows adults 21 and older to possess up to one ounce of marijuana and grow up to two mature plants starting July 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ledbetter|first1=Stewart|title=Vermont governor will sign marijuana legalization bill privately|date=January 18, 2018|url=http://www.mynbc5.com/article/vermont-governor-will-sign-marijuana-legalization-bill-privately/15288675|access-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref>
In January 2018, Governor [[Phil Scott]] opted to sign H.511, the Vermont marijuana legalization bill, which allows adults 21 and older to possess up to one ounce of marijuana and grow up to two mature plants starting July 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ledbetter|first1=Stewart|title=Vermont governor will sign marijuana legalization bill privately|date=January 18, 2018|url=http://www.mynbc5.com/article/vermont-governor-will-sign-marijuana-legalization-bill-privately/15288675|access-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref>
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[[File:March Visits Throughout Vermont 07.jpg|thumb|Senators [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Patrick Leahy]] and Representative [[Peter Welch]] greet supporters in 2017.|alt=Three older men on a stage next to an American flag.]]
[[File:March Visits Throughout Vermont 07.jpg|thumb|Senators [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Patrick Leahy]] and Representative [[Peter Welch]] greet supporters in 2017.|alt=Three older men on a stage next to an American flag.]]


Historically, Vermont was considered one of the most reliably [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] states in the country in terms of national elections. From [[1856 United States presidential election in Vermont|1856]] to [[1988 United States presidential election in Vermont|1988]], Vermont voted [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] only once, in Lyndon B. Johnson's [[1964 United States presidential election in Vermont|landslide victory]] of 1964 against [[Barry M. Goldwater]]. It was also one of only two states—[[As Maine goes, so goes the nation|Maine is the other]]—where [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was completely shut out in all four of his presidential bids. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Republican presidential candidates frequently won the state with over 70% of the vote.
Historically, Vermont was considered one of the most reliably [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] states in the country in terms of national elections. From [[1856 United States presidential election in Vermont|1856]] to [[1988 United States presidential election in Vermont|1988]], Vermont voted Democratic only once, in Lyndon B. Johnson's [[1964 United States presidential election in Vermont|landslide victory]] of 1964 against [[Barry M. Goldwater]]. It was also one of only two states—[[As Maine goes, so goes the nation|Maine is the other]]—where [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was completely shut out in all four of his presidential bids. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Republican presidential candidates frequently won the state with over 70% of the vote.


In the 1960s and 1970s, many people moved in from out of state.<ref name="vermonthistory1940">{{cite web |title=Modern Vermont 1940-today: Flatlanders vs. Woodchucks |url=http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113005219/http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2012 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society}}</ref><ref name="cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Micah|title='New' Vermont Is Liberal, but 'Old' Vermont Is Still There|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/new-vermont-is-liberal-but-old-vermont-is-still-there/?_php=true&_type=blogs&partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=0|access-date=February 23, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Capen|first=David|title=A Planning Tool for Conservationists: Spatial Modeling of Past and Future Land Use in Vermont Towns|url=https://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|publisher=University of Vermont|access-date=December 5, 2012|archive-date=November 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103062540/http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of this immigration included the arrival of more liberal political influences of the urban areas of [[New York (state)|New York]] and the rest of [[New England]] in Vermont.<ref name="cohen"/> The brand of Republicanism in Vermont has historically been a moderate one, and combined with the newcomers from out of state, this made Vermont friendlier to Democrats as the national GOP moved to the right. As evidence of this, in 1990 [[Bernie Sanders]], a self-described [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]], was elected to Vermont's [[Vermont's At-large congressional district|lone seat in the House]] as an independent. Sanders became the state's junior Senator in 2007. However, for his entire career in the House and Senate, Sanders has caucused with the Democrats and is counted as a Democrat for the purposes of committee assignments and voting for party leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last=Powell |first=Michael |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/04/AR2006110401124.html |title=Exceedingly Social, But Doesn't Like Parties |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 5, 2006 |access-date=July 28, 2021 }}</ref>
In the 1960s and 1970s, many people moved in from out of state.<ref name="vermonthistory1940">{{cite web |title=Modern Vermont 1940-today: Flatlanders vs. Woodchucks |url=http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113005219/http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2012 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society}}</ref><ref name="cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Micah|title='New' Vermont Is Liberal, but 'Old' Vermont Is Still There|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/new-vermont-is-liberal-but-old-vermont-is-still-there/?_php=true&_type=blogs&partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=0|access-date=February 23, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Capen|first=David|title=A Planning Tool for Conservationists: Spatial Modeling of Past and Future Land Use in Vermont Towns|url=https://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|publisher=University of Vermont|access-date=December 5, 2012|archive-date=November 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103062540/http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of this immigration included the arrival of more liberal political influences of the urban areas of [[New York (state)|New York]] and the rest of [[New England]] in Vermont.<ref name="cohen"/> The brand of Republicanism in Vermont has historically been a moderate one, and combined with the newcomers from out of state, this made Vermont friendlier to Democrats as the national GOP moved to the right. As evidence of this, in 1990 [[Bernie Sanders]], a self-described [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]], was elected to Vermont's [[Vermont's At-large congressional district|lone seat in the House]] as an independent. Sanders became the state's junior Senator in 2007. However, for his entire career in the House and Senate, Sanders has caucused with the Democrats and is counted as a Democrat for the purposes of committee assignments and voting for party leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last=Powell |first=Michael |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/04/AR2006110401124.html |title=Exceedingly Social, But Doesn't Like Parties |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 5, 2006 |access-date=July 28, 2021 }}</ref>