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Vermont: Difference between revisions
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| population_demonym = Vermonter | | population_demonym = Vermonter | ||
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Phil Scott]] ( | | Governor = {{nowrap|[[Phil Scott]] (R)}} | ||
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[David Zuckerman (politician)|David Zuckerman]] ([[Vermont Progressive Party|P]])}} | | Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[David Zuckerman (politician)|David Zuckerman]] ([[Vermont Progressive Party|P]])}} | ||
| Legislature = [[Vermont General Assembly|General Assembly]] | | Legislature = [[Vermont General Assembly|General Assembly]] | ||
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'''Vermont''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Vermont.ogg|v|ər|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|t}})<ref>{{OED|Vermont}}</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[New England]] region of the [[Northeastern United States]]. It borders [[Massachusetts]] to the south, [[New Hampshire]] to the east, [[New York (state)|New York]] to the west, and the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Quebec]] to the north. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], the state had a population of 643,503,<ref name="census2020">{{cite web |title=2020 Census Apportionment Results |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |website=census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426210008/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> ranking it the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|second least populated U.S. state]]. It is the nation's [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|sixth smallest state in area]]. The state's capital of [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]] is the least populous [[List of capitals in the United States|U.S. state capital]]. No other U.S. state has a [[List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population|most populous city]] with fewer residents than [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]]. | '''Vermont''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Vermont.ogg|v|ər|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|t}})<ref>{{OED|Vermont}}</ref> is a [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[New England]] region of the [[Northeastern United States]]. It borders [[Massachusetts]] to the south, [[New Hampshire]] to the east, [[New York (state)|New York]] to the west, and the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Quebec]] to the north. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], the state had a population of 643,503,<ref name="census2020">{{cite web |title=2020 Census Apportionment Results |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |website=census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426210008/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> ranking it the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|second least populated U.S. state]]. It is the nation's [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|sixth smallest state in area]]. The state's capital of [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]] is the least populous [[List of capitals in the United States|U.S. state capital]]. No other U.S. state has a [[List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population|most populous city]] with fewer residents than [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]]. | ||
[[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] have inhabited the area for about 12,000 years. The competitive tribes of the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]-speaking [[Abenaki]] and [[Iroquoian]]-speaking [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] were active in the area at the time of European encounter. During the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of [[New France]]. Conflict arose when the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast; France was defeated in 1763 in the [[Seven Years' War]], ceding its territory east of the [[Mississippi River]] to Britain. Thereafter, the nearby British [[Thirteen Colonies]] disputed the extent of the area called the [[New Hampshire Grants]] to the west of the [[Connecticut River]], encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The [[Green Mountain Boys]] militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers. Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the [[Vermont Republic]] in 1777 as an independent state during the | [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] have inhabited the area for about 12,000 years. The competitive tribes of the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]-speaking [[Abenaki]] and [[Iroquoian]]-speaking [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] were active in the area at the time of European encounter. During the 17th century, French colonists claimed the territory as part of [[New France]]. Conflict arose when the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] began to settle colonies to the south along the Atlantic coast; France was defeated in 1763 in the [[Seven Years' War]], ceding its territory east of the [[Mississippi River]] to Britain. Thereafter, the nearby British [[Thirteen Colonies]] disputed the extent of the area called the [[New Hampshire Grants]] to the west of the [[Connecticut River]], encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The [[Green Mountain Boys]] militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers. Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the [[Vermont Republic]] in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic [[History of slavery in Vermont|abolished slavery]] before any other U.S. state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vermont Constitution of 1777|url=https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx|publisher=State of Vermont|access-date=April 12, 2019|location=Chapter I, Section I|quote=Therefore, no male person, born in this country, or brought from over sea, ought to be holden by law, to serve any person, as a servant, slave, or apprentice, after he arrives to the age of twenty-one years; nor female, in like manner, after she arrives to the age of eighteen years, unless they are bound by their own consent, after they arrive to such age, or bound by law for the payment of debts, damages, fines, costs, or the like.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228110403/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx|archive-date=December 28, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| first=Lee Ann| last=Cox| title=Patchwork Freedom| url=https://www.uvm.edu/uvmnews/news/patchwork-freedom| publisher=University of Vermont| date=January 29, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702152853/https://www.uvm.edu/uvmnews/news/patchwork-freedom| archive-date=July 2, 2019| url-status=dead}}</ref> It was [[Admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] in 1791 as the 14th state. | ||
The geography of the state is marked by the [[Green Mountains]], which run north–south up the middle of the state, separating [[Lake Champlain]] and other valley terrain on the west from the [[Connecticut River Valley]] that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and [[conifers]]. The state has warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. | The geography of the state is marked by the [[Green Mountains]], which run north–south up the middle of the state, separating [[Lake Champlain]] and other valley terrain on the west from the [[Connecticut River Valley]] that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and [[conifers]]. The state has warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. | ||
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Settlers came from across New England, and were obliged to "Plant and Cultivate Five Acres of Land" within five years.<ref name="start-town">{{cite web |url=https://vermonthistoryexplorer.org/starting-a-town |publisher=Vermont History Explorer |title=Starting a Town|access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref> Some settlers kept to the agreement and started farms. Others, like [[Ethan Allen]], did not. They wanted to sell the land for profit.<ref name="Colin Gordon Calloway-2006" /> Those who purchased New Hampshire Grants ran into disagreements with New York, which began selling off the same land as [[land patent]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=The New York Patents |url=https://vermonthistoryexplorer.org/the-new-york-patents |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=Vermont History Explorer |language=en}}</ref> | Settlers came from across New England, and were obliged to "Plant and Cultivate Five Acres of Land" within five years.<ref name="start-town">{{cite web |url=https://vermonthistoryexplorer.org/starting-a-town |publisher=Vermont History Explorer |title=Starting a Town|access-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref> Some settlers kept to the agreement and started farms. Others, like [[Ethan Allen]], did not. They wanted to sell the land for profit.<ref name="Colin Gordon Calloway-2006" /> Those who purchased New Hampshire Grants ran into disagreements with New York, which began selling off the same land as [[land patent]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=The New York Patents |url=https://vermonthistoryexplorer.org/the-new-york-patents |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=Vermont History Explorer |language=en}}</ref> | ||
In 1764, [[King George III]] proclaimed the territory to be under the jurisdiction of New York, which meant that the New Hampshire Grant landowners did not have legal title.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society |title=The Green Mountain Insurgency|date=Fall 1996 |volume=64 |issue=4 |page=217 |url=https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/GreenMountainInsurgency2.pdf |access-date=March 16, 2023}}</ref> Meanwhile, New York continued selling large tracts of land, many of which overlapped with those already inhabited.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Hampshire Grants |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Hampshire-Grants |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=March 21, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The dispute led to [[Ethan Allen]] forming the [[Green Mountain Boys]], an illicit militia that attacked New York settlers and speculators through arson and mob violence.<ref name="Rife-1929">{{Cite journal |last=Rife |first=Clarence W. |date=1929 |title=Ethan Allen, an Interpretation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/359168 |journal=The New England Quarterly |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=561–584 |doi=10.2307/359168 |jstor=359168 |issn=0028-4866}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Freedom & Unity: The Green Mountain Boys |url=https://vermonthistory.org/freedom-unity-green-mountain-boys/ |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |access-date=March 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Mountain Boys {{!}} United States history {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Mountain-Boys |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> They eventually repelled the New Yorkers, and went on, with [[Benedict Arnold]], to fight in the | In 1764, [[King George III]] proclaimed the territory to be under the jurisdiction of New York, which meant that the New Hampshire Grant landowners did not have legal title.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society |title=The Green Mountain Insurgency|date=Fall 1996 |volume=64 |issue=4 |page=217 |url=https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/GreenMountainInsurgency2.pdf |access-date=March 16, 2023}}</ref> Meanwhile, New York continued selling large tracts of land, many of which overlapped with those already inhabited.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Hampshire Grants |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Hampshire-Grants |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=March 21, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The dispute led to [[Ethan Allen]] forming the [[Green Mountain Boys]], an illicit militia that attacked New York settlers and speculators through arson and mob violence.<ref name="Rife-1929">{{Cite journal |last=Rife |first=Clarence W. |date=1929 |title=Ethan Allen, an Interpretation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/359168 |journal=The New England Quarterly |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=561–584 |doi=10.2307/359168 |jstor=359168 |issn=0028-4866}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Freedom & Unity: The Green Mountain Boys |url=https://vermonthistory.org/freedom-unity-green-mountain-boys/ |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |access-date=March 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Mountain Boys {{!}} United States history {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Mountain-Boys |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> They eventually repelled the New Yorkers, and went on, with [[Benedict Arnold]], to fight in the American Revolutionary War, where they captured [[Fort Ticonderoga]] from the British. | ||
===Sovereignty=== | ===Sovereignty=== | ||
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Because the state of New York continued to assert that Vermont was a part of New York, Vermont could not be [[admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] under Article IV, Section{{nbsp}}3 of the Constitution until the legislature of New York consented. On March 6, 1790, the legislature made its consent contingent upon a negotiated agreement on the precise boundary between the two states. When commissioners from New York and Vermont met to decide on the boundary, Vermont's negotiators insisted on also settling the property ownership disputes with New Yorkers, rather than leaving that decision to a federal court.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mello |first=Robert A. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/875404347 |title=Moses Robinson and the founding of Vermont |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-934720-65-6 |pages=260 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |oclc=875404347}}</ref> The negotiations were successfully concluded in October 1790 with an agreement that Vermont would pay $30,000 to New York to be distributed among New Yorkers who claimed land in Vermont under New York land patents.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mello |first=Robert A. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/875404347 |title=Moses Robinson and the founding of Vermont |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-934720-65-6 |pages=264 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |oclc=875404347}}</ref> In January 1791, a convention in Vermont voted 105–4<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mello |first=Robert A. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/875404347 |title=Moses Robinson and the founding of Vermont |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-934720-65-6 |pages=270–271 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |oclc=875404347}}</ref> to petition Congress to become a state in the federal union. Congress acted on February 18, 1791, to admit Vermont to the Union as the 14th state as of March 4, 1791; two weeks earlier on February 4, 1791, Congress had decided to admit Kentucky as the 15th state as of June 1, 1792.<ref>{{cite web|last=First Congress|first=Third Session|title=An Act for the admission of the State of Vermont into this Union|website=The Avalon Project|publisher=Yale Law School|date=February 18, 1791|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/vt03.asp| access-date = November 24, 2014}}</ref> Vermont became the first state to enter the Union after the original 13 states. The revised constitution of 1786, which established a greater separation of powers, continued in effect until 1793, two years after Vermont's admission to the Union. | Because the state of New York continued to assert that Vermont was a part of New York, Vermont could not be [[admission to the Union|admitted to the Union]] under Article IV, Section{{nbsp}}3 of the Constitution until the legislature of New York consented. On March 6, 1790, the legislature made its consent contingent upon a negotiated agreement on the precise boundary between the two states. When commissioners from New York and Vermont met to decide on the boundary, Vermont's negotiators insisted on also settling the property ownership disputes with New Yorkers, rather than leaving that decision to a federal court.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mello |first=Robert A. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/875404347 |title=Moses Robinson and the founding of Vermont |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-934720-65-6 |pages=260 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |oclc=875404347}}</ref> The negotiations were successfully concluded in October 1790 with an agreement that Vermont would pay $30,000 to New York to be distributed among New Yorkers who claimed land in Vermont under New York land patents.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mello |first=Robert A. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/875404347 |title=Moses Robinson and the founding of Vermont |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-934720-65-6 |pages=264 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |oclc=875404347}}</ref> In January 1791, a convention in Vermont voted 105–4<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mello |first=Robert A. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/875404347 |title=Moses Robinson and the founding of Vermont |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-934720-65-6 |pages=270–271 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society |oclc=875404347}}</ref> to petition Congress to become a state in the federal union. Congress acted on February 18, 1791, to admit Vermont to the Union as the 14th state as of March 4, 1791; two weeks earlier on February 4, 1791, Congress had decided to admit Kentucky as the 15th state as of June 1, 1792.<ref>{{cite web|last=First Congress|first=Third Session|title=An Act for the admission of the State of Vermont into this Union|website=The Avalon Project|publisher=Yale Law School|date=February 18, 1791|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/vt03.asp| access-date = November 24, 2014}}</ref> Vermont became the first state to enter the Union after the original 13 states. The revised constitution of 1786, which established a greater separation of powers, continued in effect until 1793, two years after Vermont's admission to the Union. | ||
Under the Act "To Secure Freedom to All Persons Within This State,"<ref>{{cite web|title=An Act To Secure Freedom to All Persons Within This State|url=https://archive.org/details/dutyofdisobedien00chil|website=Internet Archive|date=1860 |access-date=July 31, 2024}}</ref> slavery was officially outlawed by state law on November 25, 1858, less than three years before the | Under the Act "To Secure Freedom to All Persons Within This State,"<ref>{{cite web|title=An Act To Secure Freedom to All Persons Within This State|url=https://archive.org/details/dutyofdisobedien00chil|website=Internet Archive|date=1860 |access-date=July 31, 2024}}</ref> slavery was officially outlawed by state law on November 25, 1858, less than three years before the American Civil War.<ref>[http://www.bartonchronicle.com/index.php/reviews/books/110-asurpriseoneverypage Barton Chronicle book review]. Retrieved August 21, 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510020229/http://www.bartonchronicle.com/index.php/reviews/books/110-asurpriseoneverypage |date=May 10, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Child|first=Lydia Maria|title=The Duty of Civil Disobedience to the Fugitive Slave Act: An Appeal to the Legislators of Massachusetts|year=1860|publisher=American Anti-Slavery Society|location=Boston|pages=Anti–Slavery Tracts No. 9, 36}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bunch|first=Lonnie|title=Vermont 1777: Early Steps Against Slavery|url=http://go.si.edu/site/MessageViewer?em_id=15241.0&dlv_id=17582|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture|access-date=February 12, 2014}}</ref> Vermonters provided refuge at several sites for escaped slaves fleeing to Canada, as part of the [[Underground Railroad]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/25/travel/travel-advisory-underground-railroad-vermont-sites-to-open.html|title=Underground Railroad: Vermont Sites to Open|date=June 25, 1995|website=The New York Times}}</ref> | ||
===Civil War=== | ===Civil War=== | ||
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[[File:1827 Finley Map of Vermont - Geographicus - Vermont-finely-1827.jpg|thumb|right|Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed.]] | [[File:1827 Finley Map of Vermont - Geographicus - Vermont-finely-1827.jpg|thumb|right|Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed.]] | ||
From the mid-1850s on, some Vermonters became [[Abolitionism|abolitionists]], which they had previously worked to contain in the South. Abolitionist [[Thaddeus Stevens]] was born in Vermont and later represented a district in Pennsylvania in Congress. He developed as a national leader and later promoted [[Radical Republicans|Radical Republican]] goals after the | From the mid-1850s on, some Vermonters became [[Abolitionism|abolitionists]], which they had previously worked to contain in the South. Abolitionist [[Thaddeus Stevens]] was born in Vermont and later represented a district in Pennsylvania in Congress. He developed as a national leader and later promoted [[Radical Republicans|Radical Republican]] goals after the American Civil War. As the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] declined and the Republican Party grew, Vermont supported Republican candidates. In 1860, it voted for Abraham Lincoln, giving him the largest margin of victory of any state.<ref>{{cite book| last = Trefousse| first = Hans| author-link = Hans Trefousse| year = 1997| title = Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian| publisher = University of North Carolina Press| location = Chapel Hill, NC| isbn = 978-0-8078-5666-6 }}</ref> | ||
During the | During the American Civil War, Vermont sent 33,288 troops into United States service, of which 5,224 (more than 15 percent) died.<ref>{{cite web | ||
|url=http://www.civil-war.net/pages/troops_furnished_losses.html | |url=http://www.civil-war.net/pages/troops_furnished_losses.html | ||
|title=Union—Troops Furnished and Deaths | |title=Union—Troops Furnished and Deaths | ||
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[[Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport]] is the largest in the state, with regular flights to [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]], [[Chicago O'Hare|Chicago]], [[Denver International Airport|Denver]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]], [[Dulles Airport|Washington Dulles]], [[JFK Airport|JFK]], [[LaGuardia Airport|LaGuardia]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Orlando Sanford International Airport|Orlando]], and [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]]. Airlines serving the airport include [[American Airlines|American]], [[Breeze Airways|Breeze]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Sun Country Airlines|Sun Country]], and [[United Airlines|United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|title=BTV secures second Denver direct flight|last=Staff|date=February 8, 2019|website=Vermont Business Magazine|language=en|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523165602/https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Beta Technologies]] operates an [[eVTOL]] manufacturing and testing facility at the airport. Additionally, the airport houses the 134th fighter squadron of the 158th fighter wing. Known as the "[[Green Mountain Boys]]", the squadron is armed with the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] and is tasked with protecting the Northeastern United States from the air. | [[Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport]] is the largest in the state, with regular flights to [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]], [[Chicago O'Hare|Chicago]], [[Denver International Airport|Denver]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]], [[Dulles Airport|Washington Dulles]], [[JFK Airport|JFK]], [[LaGuardia Airport|LaGuardia]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Orlando Sanford International Airport|Orlando]], and [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]]. Airlines serving the airport include [[American Airlines|American]], [[Breeze Airways|Breeze]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[Sun Country Airlines|Sun Country]], and [[United Airlines|United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|title=BTV secures second Denver direct flight|last=Staff|date=February 8, 2019|website=Vermont Business Magazine|language=en|access-date=May 23, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523165602/https://vermontbiz.com/news/2019/february/08/btv-secures-second-denver-direct-flight|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Beta Technologies]] operates an [[eVTOL]] manufacturing and testing facility at the airport. Additionally, the airport houses the 134th fighter squadron of the 158th fighter wing. Known as the "[[Green Mountain Boys]]", the squadron is armed with the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] and is tasked with protecting the Northeastern United States from the air. | ||
[[Rutland–Southern Vermont Regional Airport|Rutland-Southern Vermont Regional Airport]] has three daily flights to | [[Rutland–Southern Vermont Regional Airport|Rutland-Southern Vermont Regional Airport]] has three daily flights to Boston via [[Cape Air]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rutland Southern Vermont Regional Airport (RUT) – Connecting Southern Vermont to the World |url=https://flyrutlandvt.com/ |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=flyrutlandvt.com}}</ref> | ||
==Media== | ==Media== | ||
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In 2014, Vermont became the first state to mandate labeling of genetically modified organisms in the retail food supply. | In 2014, Vermont became the first state to mandate labeling of genetically modified organisms in the retail food supply. | ||
A distinctive law of Vermont is public nudity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/vermont-law/vermont-indecent-exposure-laws.html#:~:text=Unlike%20most%20states%20in%20this,your%20city's%20public%20nudity%20ordinances|title=Vermont Indecent Exposure Laws - FindLaw.com}}</ref> The state's legislation calls for nudity in public to be a constitutional right of Vermonters, so long as "lewd and lascivious" acts are not performed in public view,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/arts-culture/wtf-why-is-public-nudity-legal-in-vermont-but-public-disrobing-isnt-2804753|title=WTF: Why Is Public Nudity Legal in Vermont But Public Disrobing Isn't?|first=Ken|last=Picard|website=Seven Days}}</ref> and that the nudist does not undress in the presence of others. One reason this law was implemented is to protect skinny-dippers who frequent swimming holes, a long-time tradition in the state. There are other restrictions and bylaws on the municipal level concerning problematic nudity, but walking in the nude is legally protected in all 251 towns and cities in Vermont.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN18231851/|title=Vermont town bans public nudity after brash displays | Reuters|website= | A distinctive law of Vermont is public nudity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/vermont-law/vermont-indecent-exposure-laws.html#:~:text=Unlike%20most%20states%20in%20this,your%20city's%20public%20nudity%20ordinances|title=Vermont Indecent Exposure Laws - FindLaw.com}}</ref> The state's legislation calls for nudity in public to be a constitutional right of Vermonters, so long as "lewd and lascivious" acts are not performed in public view,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/arts-culture/wtf-why-is-public-nudity-legal-in-vermont-but-public-disrobing-isnt-2804753|title=WTF: Why Is Public Nudity Legal in Vermont But Public Disrobing Isn't?|first=Ken|last=Picard|website=Seven Days}}</ref> and that the nudist does not undress in the presence of others. One reason this law was implemented is to protect skinny-dippers who frequent swimming holes, a long-time tradition in the state. There are other restrictions and bylaws on the municipal level concerning problematic nudity, but walking in the nude is legally protected in all 251 towns and cities in Vermont.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN18231851/|title=Vermont town bans public nudity after brash displays | Reuters|website=Reuters }}</ref> | ||
In January 2018, Governor [[Phil Scott]] opted to sign H.511, the Vermont marijuana legalization bill, which allows adults 21 and older to possess up to one ounce of marijuana and grow up to two mature plants starting July 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ledbetter|first1=Stewart|title=Vermont governor will sign marijuana legalization bill privately|date=January 18, 2018|url=http://www.mynbc5.com/article/vermont-governor-will-sign-marijuana-legalization-bill-privately/15288675|access-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref> | In January 2018, Governor [[Phil Scott]] opted to sign H.511, the Vermont marijuana legalization bill, which allows adults 21 and older to possess up to one ounce of marijuana and grow up to two mature plants starting July 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ledbetter|first1=Stewart|title=Vermont governor will sign marijuana legalization bill privately|date=January 18, 2018|url=http://www.mynbc5.com/article/vermont-governor-will-sign-marijuana-legalization-bill-privately/15288675|access-date=January 18, 2018}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:March Visits Throughout Vermont 07.jpg|thumb|Senators [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Patrick Leahy]] and Representative [[Peter Welch]] greet supporters in 2017.|alt=Three older men on a stage next to an American flag.]] | [[File:March Visits Throughout Vermont 07.jpg|thumb|Senators [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Patrick Leahy]] and Representative [[Peter Welch]] greet supporters in 2017.|alt=Three older men on a stage next to an American flag.]] | ||
Historically, Vermont was considered one of the most reliably [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] states in the country in terms of national elections. From [[1856 United States presidential election in Vermont|1856]] to [[1988 United States presidential election in Vermont|1988]], Vermont voted | Historically, Vermont was considered one of the most reliably [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] states in the country in terms of national elections. From [[1856 United States presidential election in Vermont|1856]] to [[1988 United States presidential election in Vermont|1988]], Vermont voted Democratic only once, in Lyndon B. Johnson's [[1964 United States presidential election in Vermont|landslide victory]] of 1964 against [[Barry M. Goldwater]]. It was also one of only two states—[[As Maine goes, so goes the nation|Maine is the other]]—where [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was completely shut out in all four of his presidential bids. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Republican presidential candidates frequently won the state with over 70% of the vote. | ||
In the 1960s and 1970s, many people moved in from out of state.<ref name="vermonthistory1940">{{cite web |title=Modern Vermont 1940-today: Flatlanders vs. Woodchucks |url=http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113005219/http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2012 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society}}</ref><ref name="cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Micah|title='New' Vermont Is Liberal, but 'Old' Vermont Is Still There|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/new-vermont-is-liberal-but-old-vermont-is-still-there/?_php=true&_type=blogs&partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=0|access-date=February 23, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Capen|first=David|title=A Planning Tool for Conservationists: Spatial Modeling of Past and Future Land Use in Vermont Towns|url=https://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|publisher=University of Vermont|access-date=December 5, 2012|archive-date=November 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103062540/http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of this immigration included the arrival of more liberal political influences of the urban areas of [[New York (state)|New York]] and the rest of [[New England]] in Vermont.<ref name="cohen"/> The brand of Republicanism in Vermont has historically been a moderate one, and combined with the newcomers from out of state, this made Vermont friendlier to Democrats as the national GOP moved to the right. As evidence of this, in 1990 [[Bernie Sanders]], a self-described [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]], was elected to Vermont's [[Vermont's At-large congressional district|lone seat in the House]] as an independent. Sanders became the state's junior Senator in 2007. However, for his entire career in the House and Senate, Sanders has caucused with the Democrats and is counted as a Democrat for the purposes of committee assignments and voting for party leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last=Powell |first=Michael |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/04/AR2006110401124.html |title=Exceedingly Social, But Doesn't Like Parties |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 5, 2006 |access-date=July 28, 2021 }}</ref> | In the 1960s and 1970s, many people moved in from out of state.<ref name="vermonthistory1940">{{cite web |title=Modern Vermont 1940-today: Flatlanders vs. Woodchucks |url=http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113005219/http://vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/vt_transition/flat_wood.html |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2012 |publisher=Vermont Historical Society}}</ref><ref name="cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Micah|title='New' Vermont Is Liberal, but 'Old' Vermont Is Still There|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/new-vermont-is-liberal-but-old-vermont-is-still-there/?_php=true&_type=blogs&partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=0|access-date=February 23, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Capen|first=David|title=A Planning Tool for Conservationists: Spatial Modeling of Past and Future Land Use in Vermont Towns|url=https://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|publisher=University of Vermont|access-date=December 5, 2012|archive-date=November 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103062540/http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/lumodel/stateof.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of this immigration included the arrival of more liberal political influences of the urban areas of [[New York (state)|New York]] and the rest of [[New England]] in Vermont.<ref name="cohen"/> The brand of Republicanism in Vermont has historically been a moderate one, and combined with the newcomers from out of state, this made Vermont friendlier to Democrats as the national GOP moved to the right. As evidence of this, in 1990 [[Bernie Sanders]], a self-described [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]], was elected to Vermont's [[Vermont's At-large congressional district|lone seat in the House]] as an independent. Sanders became the state's junior Senator in 2007. However, for his entire career in the House and Senate, Sanders has caucused with the Democrats and is counted as a Democrat for the purposes of committee assignments and voting for party leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last=Powell |first=Michael |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/04/AR2006110401124.html |title=Exceedingly Social, But Doesn't Like Parties |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=November 5, 2006 |access-date=July 28, 2021 }}</ref> | ||