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| Languages = English 93.3%<br />Spanish 2.2%<br />Other 4.5%<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212624/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder—Results|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|website=factfinder2.census.gov|access-date=October 17, 2012}}</ref> | | Languages = English 93.3%<br />Spanish 2.2%<br />Other 4.5%<ref name="census1">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212624/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder—Results|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|website=factfinder2.census.gov|access-date=October 17, 2012}}</ref> | ||
| population_demonym = Ohioan; Buckeye<ref name="DNR"/> (colloq.) | | population_demonym = Ohioan; Buckeye<ref name="DNR"/> (colloq.) | ||
| Governor = {{nowrap|[[Mike DeWine]] ( | | Governor = {{nowrap|[[Mike DeWine]] (R)}} | ||
| Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Jon Husted]] (R)}} | | Lieutenant Governor = {{nowrap|[[Jon Husted]] (R)}} | ||
| Legislature = [[Ohio General Assembly|General Assembly]] | | Legislature = [[Ohio General Assembly|General Assembly]] | ||
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Before the American Revolution, Britain thinly exercised sovereignty over Ohio Country by lackadaisical garrisoning of the French forts.{{efn|The last French Fort in Ohio Country, Fort Sandusky, was destroyed in 1763 during Pontiac's Rebellion.}} Just beyond Ohio Country was the great [[Miami Tribe|Miami]] capital of [[Kekionga]], which became the center of British trade and influence in Ohio Country and throughout the future [[Northwest Territory]]. By the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]], British lands west of [[Appalachia]] were forbidden to settlement by colonists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Billington|first=Ray A.|title=The Fort Stanwix Treaty of 1768 |journal=New York History |year=1944 |volume=25 |issue=2 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press|pages=182–194|jstor=23147791}}</ref> The [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix]] in 1768 explicitly reserved lands north and west of the Ohio as Native lands.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sosin|first=Jack M.|title=Whitehall and the wilderness: the Middle West in British colonial policy, 1760–1775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaMzwgEACAAJ&pg=PA146|year=1961|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=146|access-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-date=January 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118044200/https://books.google.com/books?id=aaMzwgEACAAJ&pg=PA146 |url-status=live}}</ref> British military occupation in the region contributed to the outbreak of [[Pontiac's War]] in 1763.<ref>{{cite book |last=White|first=Richard|title=The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815|isbn=0-521-42460-7 |year=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=256}}</ref> Ohio tribes participated in the war until an armed expedition in Ohio led by [[Brigadier General]] [[Henry Bouquet]] brought about a truce. Another colonial military expedition into the Ohio Country in 1774 brought [[Lord Dunmore's War]], kicked off by the [[Yellow Creek massacre]] in Ohio, to a conclusion. In 1774, Britain passed the [[Quebec Act]], which formally annexed Ohio and other western lands to the [[Province of Quebec]] in order to provide a civil government and to centralize British administration of the [[Montreal]]-based fur trade.<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/quebecact00hartgoog/page/n22 12]|title=The Quebec Act 1774|url=https://archive.org/details/quebecact00hartgoog|author=Gerald E. Hart|year=1891|publisher=Gazette Printing Company |location=Montreal}}</ref> The prohibition of settlement west of the Appalachians remained, contributing to the American Revolution.<ref>Gordon Wood, ''The American Revolution'' (New York: [[Random House]], 2002).</ref> | Before the American Revolution, Britain thinly exercised sovereignty over Ohio Country by lackadaisical garrisoning of the French forts.{{efn|The last French Fort in Ohio Country, Fort Sandusky, was destroyed in 1763 during Pontiac's Rebellion.}} Just beyond Ohio Country was the great [[Miami Tribe|Miami]] capital of [[Kekionga]], which became the center of British trade and influence in Ohio Country and throughout the future [[Northwest Territory]]. By the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]], British lands west of [[Appalachia]] were forbidden to settlement by colonists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Billington|first=Ray A.|title=The Fort Stanwix Treaty of 1768 |journal=New York History |year=1944 |volume=25 |issue=2 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press|pages=182–194|jstor=23147791}}</ref> The [[Treaty of Fort Stanwix]] in 1768 explicitly reserved lands north and west of the Ohio as Native lands.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sosin|first=Jack M.|title=Whitehall and the wilderness: the Middle West in British colonial policy, 1760–1775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaMzwgEACAAJ&pg=PA146|year=1961|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=146|access-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-date=January 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118044200/https://books.google.com/books?id=aaMzwgEACAAJ&pg=PA146 |url-status=live}}</ref> British military occupation in the region contributed to the outbreak of [[Pontiac's War]] in 1763.<ref>{{cite book |last=White|first=Richard|title=The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815|isbn=0-521-42460-7 |year=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=256}}</ref> Ohio tribes participated in the war until an armed expedition in Ohio led by [[Brigadier General]] [[Henry Bouquet]] brought about a truce. Another colonial military expedition into the Ohio Country in 1774 brought [[Lord Dunmore's War]], kicked off by the [[Yellow Creek massacre]] in Ohio, to a conclusion. In 1774, Britain passed the [[Quebec Act]], which formally annexed Ohio and other western lands to the [[Province of Quebec]] in order to provide a civil government and to centralize British administration of the [[Montreal]]-based fur trade.<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/quebecact00hartgoog/page/n22 12]|title=The Quebec Act 1774|url=https://archive.org/details/quebecact00hartgoog|author=Gerald E. Hart|year=1891|publisher=Gazette Printing Company |location=Montreal}}</ref> The prohibition of settlement west of the Appalachians remained, contributing to the American Revolution.<ref>Gordon Wood, ''The American Revolution'' (New York: [[Random House]], 2002).</ref> | ||
By the start of the | By the start of the American Revolutionary War, the movement of Natives and Americans between the Ohio Country and [[Thirteen Colonies]] had resulted in tension. [[Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)|Fort Pitt]] in Pennsylvania had become the main fort where expeditions into Ohio started. Intrusions into the area included General [[Edward Hand]]'s 1778 movement of 500 Pennsylvania [[militia (United States)|militiamen]] from Fort Pitt towards Mingo towns on the [[Cuyahoga River]], where the British stored military supplies which they distributed to Indian raiding parties;<ref>Downes, ''Council Fires'', 211; Nester, ''Frontier War'', 194; Nelson, ''Man of Distinction'', 101.</ref> Colonel [[Daniel Brodhead]]'s invasion in 1780 and [[Brodhead's Coshocton expedition|destruction of the Lenape Indian capital of Coshocton]];<ref>Downes, ''Council Fires'', 266.</ref> a detachment of one hundred of [[George Rogers Clark]]'s troops that were [[Lochry's Defeat|ambushed near the Ohio River]] by Indians led by [[Joseph Brant]] in the same year; a British and Native American attack on the U.S.' [[Fort Laurens]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Archeology of the Battles of Fort Recovery, Mercer County, Ohio: Education and Protection |url=https://www.bsu.edu/-/media/www/departmentalcontent/aal/aalpdfs/roi%2076-100/roi%2078%20public.pdf |publisher=National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program |via=Ball State University |first1=Christine |last1=Keller |first2=Colleen |last2=Boyd |first3=Mark |last3=Groover |first4=Mark |last4=Hill |year=2011 |page=61 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-date=June 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612080120/https://www.bsu.edu/-/media/www/departmentalcontent/aal/aalpdfs/roi%2076-100/roi%2078%20public.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and the 1782 detainment and murder of 96 [[Christian Munsee|Moravian Lenape]] pacifists by Pennsylvania militiamen in the [[Gnadenhutten massacre]].<ref>Weslager, ''Delaware Indians'', 316.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=February 6, 2018 |title=Moravians in the Middle: the Gnadenhutten Massacre |first=Eric |last=Sterner |url=https://allthingsliberty.com/2018/02/moravians-middle-gnadenhutten-massacre |journal=Journal of the American Revolution |access-date=September 30, 2019 |archive-date=September 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930143616/https://allthingsliberty.com/2018/02/moravians-middle-gnadenhutten-massacre/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The western theatre never had a decisive victor. In the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1783, Britain ceded all claims to Ohio Country to the new [[United States]] after its victory in the | The western theatre never had a decisive victor. In the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1783, Britain ceded all claims to Ohio Country to the new [[United States]] after its victory in the American Revolutionary War.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cogliano |first=Francis D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMAKWDQt1LAC |title=Revolutionary America, 1763–1815: A Political History |year=2003 |publisher=Francis and Taylor |isbn=978-1-134-67869-3 |ref=cogliano2003 |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153334/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revolutionary_America_1763_1815/QMAKWDQt1LAC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Lawrence S. |title=The Treaty of Paris, 1783: A Historiographical Challenge |journal=International History Review |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd.|date=September 1983 |volume=5 |number=3 |pages=431–442 |doi=10.1080/07075332.1983.9640322 |jstor=40105317 |ref=lskaplan1983 | issn = 0707-5332 }}</ref> | ||
===Northwest Territory=== | ===Northwest Territory=== | ||
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[[File:LandingOfThePioneers.jpg|thumb|The landing of [[Rufus Putnam]] and the first settlers at [[Marietta, Ohio]] in 1788.]] | [[File:LandingOfThePioneers.jpg|thumb|The landing of [[Rufus Putnam]] and the first settlers at [[Marietta, Ohio]] in 1788.]] | ||
[[Rufus Putnam]] served in important military capacities in both the [[French and Indian War]] and the | [[Rufus Putnam]] served in important military capacities in both the [[French and Indian War]] and the American Revolutionary War. He was one of the most highly respected men in the early years of the United States.<ref>Hubbard, Robert Ernest. ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 1–4, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref> | ||
In 1776, Putnam created a method of building portable fortifications, which enabled the [[Continental Army]] to drive the British from Boston. [[George Washington]] was so impressed that he made Putnam his chief engineer. After the war, Putnam and [[Manasseh Cutler]] were instrumental in creating the [[Northwest Ordinance]], which opened up the [[Northwest Territory]] for settlement. This land was used to serve as compensation for what was owed to Revolutionary War veterans. Putnam organized and led the [[Ohio Company of Associates]], who settled at [[Marietta, Ohio]], where they built a large fort, [[Campus Martius (Ohio)|Campus Martius]].<ref>Hubbard, Robert Ernest. ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 2–4, 45–8,105–18, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref><ref>Hildreth, Samuel Prescott. ''Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio,'' pp. 34–7, 63–74, Badgley Publishing Company, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-615-50189-5}}.</ref><ref>McCullough, David. ''The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West,'' pp. 46–7, Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, New York, 2019. {{ISBN|978-1-5011-6870-3}}.</ref> He set substantial amounts of land aside for schools. In 1798, he created the plan for the construction of the Muskingum Academy (now [[Marietta College]]). In 1780, the directors of the Ohio Company appointed him superintendent of all its affairs relating to the settlement north of the Ohio River. In 1796, President George Washington commissioned him as Surveyor-General of United States Lands. In 1788, he served as a judge in the Northwest Territory's first court. In 1802, he served in the convention to form a constitution for the State of Ohio.<ref>Hubbard, Robert Ernest. ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 127–50, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref><ref>Hildreth, Samuel Prescott. ''Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio,'' pp. 69, 71, 81, 82, Badgley Publishing Company, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-615-50189-5}}.</ref><ref>McCullough, David. ''The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West,'' pp. 143–7, Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, New York, 2019. {{ISBN|978-1-5011-6870-3}}.</ref> | In 1776, Putnam created a method of building portable fortifications, which enabled the [[Continental Army]] to drive the British from Boston. [[George Washington]] was so impressed that he made Putnam his chief engineer. After the war, Putnam and [[Manasseh Cutler]] were instrumental in creating the [[Northwest Ordinance]], which opened up the [[Northwest Territory]] for settlement. This land was used to serve as compensation for what was owed to Revolutionary War veterans. Putnam organized and led the [[Ohio Company of Associates]], who settled at [[Marietta, Ohio]], where they built a large fort, [[Campus Martius (Ohio)|Campus Martius]].<ref>Hubbard, Robert Ernest. ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 2–4, 45–8,105–18, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref><ref>Hildreth, Samuel Prescott. ''Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio,'' pp. 34–7, 63–74, Badgley Publishing Company, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-615-50189-5}}.</ref><ref>McCullough, David. ''The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West,'' pp. 46–7, Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, New York, 2019. {{ISBN|978-1-5011-6870-3}}.</ref> He set substantial amounts of land aside for schools. In 1798, he created the plan for the construction of the Muskingum Academy (now [[Marietta College]]). In 1780, the directors of the Ohio Company appointed him superintendent of all its affairs relating to the settlement north of the Ohio River. In 1796, President George Washington commissioned him as Surveyor-General of United States Lands. In 1788, he served as a judge in the Northwest Territory's first court. In 1802, he served in the convention to form a constitution for the State of Ohio.<ref>Hubbard, Robert Ernest. ''General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"'' pp. 127–50, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina. {{ISBN|978-1-4766-7862-7}}.</ref><ref>Hildreth, Samuel Prescott. ''Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio,'' pp. 69, 71, 81, 82, Badgley Publishing Company, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-615-50189-5}}.</ref><ref>McCullough, David. ''The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West,'' pp. 143–7, Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, New York, 2019. {{ISBN|978-1-5011-6870-3}}.</ref> | ||
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===Civil War and industrialization=== | ===Civil War and industrialization=== | ||
[[File:Morganmap.jpg|thumb|The route of [[Morgan's Raid]] during the | [[File:Morganmap.jpg|thumb|The route of [[Morgan's Raid]] during the American Civil War.]] | ||
Ohio's central position and its population gave it an important place in the | Ohio's central position and its population gave it an important place in the Civil War. The Ohio River was a vital artery for troop and supply movements, as were Ohio's railroads. Ohio's industry made it one of the most important states in the Union during the war. It contributed more soldiers per capita than any other state in the Union. In 1862, the state's morale was badly shaken in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Shiloh]], a costly victory in which Ohio forces suffered 2,000 casualties.<ref name="knepper233-234">Knepper (1989), pp. 233–234.</ref> Later that year, when [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] troops under the leadership of [[Stonewall Jackson]] threatened Washington, D.C., Ohio governor [[David Tod]] recruited 5,000 volunteers to provide three months of service.<ref name="roseboom188">Roseboom and Weisenburger (1967), p. 188.</ref> From July 13 to 26, 1863, towns along the Ohio River were attacked and ransacked in [[Morgan's Raid]], starting in [[Harrison, Ohio|Harrison]] in the west and culminating in the [[Battle of Salineville]] near [[West Point, Columbiana County, Ohio|West Point]] in the far east. While this raid was overall insignificant to the Confederacy, it aroused fear among people in Ohio and [[Indiana]] as it was the furthest advancement of troops from the South in the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Morgan's_Raid|title=Morgan's Raid—Ohio History Central|website=Ohiohistorycentral.org|access-date=April 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621033754/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Morgan%27s_Raid|archive-date=June 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Almost 35,000 Ohioans died in the conflict, and 30,000 were physically wounded.<ref name="cayton129">Cayton (2002), p. 129.</ref> By the end of the Civil War, the Union's top three generals—[[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[William Tecumseh Sherman]], and [[Philip Sheridan]]—were all from Ohio.<ref name="cayton128-129">Cayton (2002), pp. 128–129.</ref> | ||
[[File:Standard Oil.jpg|thumb|The first [[Standard Oil]] refinery was opened in Cleveland by businessman [[John D. Rockefeller]].]] | [[File:Standard Oil.jpg|thumb|The first [[Standard Oil]] refinery was opened in Cleveland by businessman [[John D. Rockefeller]].]] | ||
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Two Ohio [[astronauts]] completed significant milestones in the [[space race]] in the 1960s: [[John Glenn]] becoming the [[Mercury-Atlas 6|first American to orbit the Earth]], and [[Neil Armstrong]] becoming the [[Apollo 11#Lunar surface operations|first human to walk on the Moon]]. In 1967, [[Carl Stokes]] was [[1967 Cleveland mayoral election|elected]] mayor of Cleveland and became the first African American mayor of one of the nation's 10 most populous cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Carl_B._Stokes|title=Carl B. Stokes |publisher=Ohio History Central|access-date=February 21, 2022|archive-date=February 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221222943/https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Carl_B._Stokes|url-status=live}}</ref> | Two Ohio [[astronauts]] completed significant milestones in the [[space race]] in the 1960s: [[John Glenn]] becoming the [[Mercury-Atlas 6|first American to orbit the Earth]], and [[Neil Armstrong]] becoming the [[Apollo 11#Lunar surface operations|first human to walk on the Moon]]. In 1967, [[Carl Stokes]] was [[1967 Cleveland mayoral election|elected]] mayor of Cleveland and became the first African American mayor of one of the nation's 10 most populous cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Carl_B._Stokes|title=Carl B. Stokes |publisher=Ohio History Central|access-date=February 21, 2022|archive-date=February 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221222943/https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Carl_B._Stokes|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
In 1970, an [[Ohio Army National Guard]] unit [[Kent State shootings|fired at students]] during an antiwar protest at [[Kent State University]], killing four and wounding nine. The Guard had been called onto campus after several protests in and around campus became violent, including a riot in downtown Kent and the burning of an [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]] building. The main cause of the protests was the United States' [[Cambodian Campaign|invasion of Cambodia]] during the | In 1970, an [[Ohio Army National Guard]] unit [[Kent State shootings|fired at students]] during an antiwar protest at [[Kent State University]], killing four and wounding nine. The Guard had been called onto campus after several protests in and around campus became violent, including a riot in downtown Kent and the burning of an [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]] building. The main cause of the protests was the United States' [[Cambodian Campaign|invasion of Cambodia]] during the Vietnam War.<ref>Hildebrand, Herrington, & Keller; pp. 165–166</ref> | ||
Ohio was an important state in the developing ties between the [[China–United States relations|United States and the People's Republic of China]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |last=Lampton |first=David M. |title=Living U.S.-China relations: From Cold War to Cold War |date=2024 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-5381-8725-8 |location=Lanham, MD |pages= |author-link=David M. Lampton}}</ref>{{Rp|page=59}} Relations between the two countries normalized in 1979, during the second term of Ohio governor [[Jim Rhodes]].<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=112}} Rhodes sought to encourage economic ties, viewing China as a potential market for Ohio machinery exports.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=112}} In July 1979, Rhodes led a State of Ohio [[Trade mission|Trade Mission]] to China.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=112}} The trip resulted in developing economic ties, a sister state-province relationship with [[Hubei|Hubei province]], long-running Chinese exhibitions at the [[Ohio State Fair]], and major academic exchanges between Ohio State University and [[Wuhan University]].<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=113}} Beginning in the 1980s, the state entered into international economic and resource cooperation treaties and organizations with other [[Midwestern]] states, as well as [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Ontario]], and [[Quebec]], including the [[Great Lakes Charter]], [[Great Lakes Compact]], and the [[Council of Great Lakes Governors]]. | Ohio was an important state in the developing ties between the [[China–United States relations|United States and the People's Republic of China]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |last=Lampton |first=David M. |title=Living U.S.-China relations: From Cold War to Cold War |date=2024 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-5381-8725-8 |location=Lanham, MD |pages= |author-link=David M. Lampton}}</ref>{{Rp|page=59}} Relations between the two countries normalized in 1979, during the second term of Ohio governor [[Jim Rhodes]].<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=112}} Rhodes sought to encourage economic ties, viewing China as a potential market for Ohio machinery exports.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=112}} In July 1979, Rhodes led a State of Ohio [[Trade mission|Trade Mission]] to China.<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=112}} The trip resulted in developing economic ties, a sister state-province relationship with [[Hubei|Hubei province]], long-running Chinese exhibitions at the [[Ohio State Fair]], and major academic exchanges between Ohio State University and [[Wuhan University]].<ref name=":05" />{{Rp|page=113}} Beginning in the 1980s, the state entered into international economic and resource cooperation treaties and organizations with other [[Midwestern]] states, as well as [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Ontario]], and [[Quebec]], including the [[Great Lakes Charter]], [[Great Lakes Compact]], and the [[Council of Great Lakes Governors]]. | ||
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Politically, Ohio has been long regarded as a [[swing state]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Kevin |date=September 2, 2021 |title=What Happened?: The 2020 election confirmed that Ohio is no longer a swing state. |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but the success of many [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates in Ohio since the late 2000s has led many to question whether Ohio remains an electoral battleground.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Paul |last2=Diaz |first2=Daniella |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Sen. Sherrod Brown says Ohio is still a swing state ahead of 2024 election {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203211/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangitano |first=Alex |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ohio shows signs of becoming swing state again for Democrats |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | Politically, Ohio has been long regarded as a [[swing state]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Kevin |date=September 2, 2021 |title=What Happened?: The 2020 election confirmed that Ohio is no longer a swing state. |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but the success of many [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates in Ohio since the late 2000s has led many to question whether Ohio remains an electoral battleground.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Paul |last2=Diaz |first2=Daniella |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Sen. Sherrod Brown says Ohio is still a swing state ahead of 2024 election {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203211/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangitano |first=Alex |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ohio shows signs of becoming swing state again for Democrats |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
On March 9, 2020, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] reached Ohio, with three cases reported.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Ohio Coronavirus Map and Case Count |language=en-US |work= | On March 9, 2020, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] reached Ohio, with three cases reported.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Ohio Coronavirus Map and Case Count |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |access-date=February 22, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222003328/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of February 2023, over 41,600 Ohioans have died from COVID-19.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus (Covid-19) |url=https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |access-date=February 22, 2023 |website=coronavirus.ohio.gov |publisher=[[Ohio Department of Health]] |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222102033/https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |url-status=live }}</ref> Ohio's economy was also heavily impacted by the pandemic, as the state saw large job losses in 2020, as well as large amounts of subsequent [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus spending]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ellerbrock |first1=Matthew |last2=Demko |first2=Iryna |last3=Lendel |first3=Iryna |last4=Henrichsen |first4=Erica |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ohio |url=https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730 |journal=All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications |pages=1–7 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405072405/https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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The state government of Ohio consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.<ref name="CO">{{cite web | title = Constitution Online | publisher = Ohio General Assembly | url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=01 | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052752/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=01 | archive-date = March 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Constitution Online | publisher = Ohio General Assembly | url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=4&Section=01 | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023513/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=4&Section=01 | archive-date = March 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Constitution Online | publisher = Ohio General Assembly | url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=2&Section=01 | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404181108/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=2&Section=01 | archive-date = April 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref> | The state government of Ohio consists of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.<ref name="CO">{{cite web | title = Constitution Online | publisher = Ohio General Assembly | url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=01 | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052752/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=01 | archive-date = March 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Constitution Online | publisher = Ohio General Assembly | url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=4&Section=01 | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023513/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=4&Section=01 | archive-date = March 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Constitution Online | publisher = Ohio General Assembly | url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=2&Section=01 | access-date = March 25, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160404181108/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=2&Section=01 | archive-date = April 4, 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref> | ||
The executive branch is headed by the [[List of Governors of Ohio|governor of Ohio]].<ref name="CO" /> The current governor is [[Mike DeWine]] since 2019, a member of the | The executive branch is headed by the [[List of Governors of Ohio|governor of Ohio]].<ref name="CO" /> The current governor is [[Mike DeWine]] since 2019, a member of the Republican Party.<ref name="GOV">{{cite web |title=The Governors of Ohio |publisher=Ohio Historical Society |date=January 8, 2007 |url=http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/governors/ |access-date=March 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605224802/http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment/governors/ |archive-date=June 5, 2011 }}</ref> A [[Lieutenant Governor of Ohio|lieutenant governor]] succeeds the governor in the event of any removal from office, and performs any duties assigned by the governor.<ref>{{cite web| title = Constitution Online| publisher = Ohio General Assembly| url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=15| access-date = March 25, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181001114549/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=15| archive-date = October 1, 2018| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Constitution Online| publisher = Ohio General Assembly| url = https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=01b| access-date = March 25, 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024808/https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution?Part=3&Section=01b| archive-date = March 4, 2016| url-status = live}}</ref> The current lieutenant governor is [[Jon Husted]]. The other elected constitutional offices in the executive branch are the [[Ohio Secretary of State|secretary of state]] ([[Frank LaRose]]), [[Ohio State Auditor|auditor]] ([[Keith Faber]]), [[Ohio State Treasurer|treasurer]] ([[Robert Sprague]]), and [[Ohio Attorney General|attorney general]] ([[Dave Yost]]).<ref name="CO" /> There are 21 state administrative departments in the executive branch.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=The Ohio Executive Branch|pages=263–264|title=Ohio Politics|first=John J.|last=Gargan|editor-first=Mary Anne|editor-last=Sharkey|year=1994|publisher=[[Kent State University Press]]|isbn=0-87338-509-8|lccn=94-7637|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7hkbUXIQdwC&pg=PA264|access-date=February 10, 2021|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216234435/https://books.google.com/books?id=v7hkbUXIQdwC&pg=PA264|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[[Ohio Revised Code]] § 121.01 ''et seq.'' Ohio Revised Code § 5703.01 ''et seq.'' Ohio Revised Code § 3301.13.</ref> | ||
The [[Ohio General Assembly]] is a [[bicameral]] legislature consisting of the [[Ohio Senate|Senate]] and [[Ohio House of Representatives|House of Representatives]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ohio General Assembly |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2126 |access-date=March 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828082257/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2126 |archive-date=August 28, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Senate is composed of 33 districts, each of which is represented by one senator. Each senator represents approximately 330,000 [[Electoral district|constituents]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Population_represented_by_state_legislators |title=Population represented by state legislators—Ballotpedia|access-date=March 6, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318010456/https://ballotpedia.org/Population_represented_by_state_legislators|archive-date=March 18, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The House of Representatives has 99 members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government |publisher=Congressman Michael Turner |url=http://turner.house.gov/District/Government.htm |access-date=March 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325134028/http://turner.house.gov/District/Government.htm |archive-date=March 25, 2009 }}</ref> The Republican Party is the majority party in both houses as of the [[2022 Ohio elections|2022 election cycle]]. | The [[Ohio General Assembly]] is a [[bicameral]] legislature consisting of the [[Ohio Senate|Senate]] and [[Ohio House of Representatives|House of Representatives]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ohio General Assembly |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2126 |access-date=March 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828082257/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=2126 |archive-date=August 28, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Senate is composed of 33 districts, each of which is represented by one senator. Each senator represents approximately 330,000 [[Electoral district|constituents]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Population_represented_by_state_legislators |title=Population represented by state legislators—Ballotpedia|access-date=March 6, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318010456/https://ballotpedia.org/Population_represented_by_state_legislators|archive-date=March 18, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The House of Representatives has 99 members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government |publisher=Congressman Michael Turner |url=http://turner.house.gov/District/Government.htm |access-date=March 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325134028/http://turner.house.gov/District/Government.htm |archive-date=March 25, 2009 }}</ref> The Republican Party is the majority party in both houses as of the [[2022 Ohio elections|2022 election cycle]]. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (US)}} | | {{party color cell|Democratic Party (US)}} | ||
| | | Democratic | ||
| align=center | 817,063 | | align=center | 817,063 | ||
| align=center | 10.13% | | align=center | 10.13% | ||
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Historian [[R. Douglas Hurt]] asserts that not since [[Politics of Virginia|Virginia]] "had a state made such a mark on national political affairs" as Ohio.<ref name="holli162">Holli (1999), p. 162.</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' notes that "This slice of the mid-west contains a bit of everything American—part north-eastern and part southern, part urban and part rural, part hardscrabble poverty and part booming suburb".<ref>[http://www.economist.com/World/na/displayStory.cfm?story_id=5327576 " A grain of sand for your thoughts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060226043446/http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5327576 |date=February 26, 2006 }}, ''The Economist'', December 20, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2005.</ref> | Historian [[R. Douglas Hurt]] asserts that not since [[Politics of Virginia|Virginia]] "had a state made such a mark on national political affairs" as Ohio.<ref name="holli162">Holli (1999), p. 162.</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' notes that "This slice of the mid-west contains a bit of everything American—part north-eastern and part southern, part urban and part rural, part hardscrabble poverty and part booming suburb".<ref>[http://www.economist.com/World/na/displayStory.cfm?story_id=5327576 " A grain of sand for your thoughts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060226043446/http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5327576 |date=February 26, 2006 }}, ''The Economist'', December 20, 2005. Retrieved December 23, 2005.</ref> | ||
Ohio is considered a moderately [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]-leaning state politically.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/once-a-swing-state-ohio-now-seems-to-lean-more-conservative/7565029.html |title=Once a swing state, Ohio now seems to lean more conservative |author=Stearns, Scott |publisher=Voice of America |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite magazine |last=Mayer |first=Jane |date=2022-08-06 |title=State Legislatures Are Torching Democracy |language=en-US |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0028-792X |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230210851/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |url-status=live }}</ref> It had been a [[swing state]] in the late 20th and early 21st centuries; this status was called into question after the state voted for Republican [[Donald Trump]] at larger margins than the nation as a whole in the [[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election in Ohio|2024 presidential election]]s.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 'Ohio has taken a different turn' - Why Ohio no longer appears to be a swing state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724201809/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 |date=July 24, 2022 }}. [[NBC News]], November 12, 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/10/11/why-ohio-is-not-considered-a-swing-state-in-this-years-presidential-election/ |title=Why Ohio is not considered a swing state in this year’s presidential election |author=Henry, Megan |publisher=Ohio Capital Journal |date=October 11, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref> It has also been considered a [[bellwether]] state.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html Trolling the Campuses for Swing-State Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528014334/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html |date=May 28, 2015 }}, Julie Salamon, " | Ohio is considered a moderately [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]-leaning state politically.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/once-a-swing-state-ohio-now-seems-to-lean-more-conservative/7565029.html |title=Once a swing state, Ohio now seems to lean more conservative |author=Stearns, Scott |publisher=Voice of America |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite magazine |last=Mayer |first=Jane |date=2022-08-06 |title=State Legislatures Are Torching Democracy |language=en-US |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0028-792X |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230210851/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/state-legislatures-are-torching-democracy |url-status=live }}</ref> It had been a [[swing state]] in the late 20th and early 21st centuries; this status was called into question after the state voted for Republican [[Donald Trump]] at larger margins than the nation as a whole in the [[2016 United States presidential election in Ohio|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]] and [[2024 United States presidential election in Ohio|2024 presidential election]]s.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 'Ohio has taken a different turn' - Why Ohio no longer appears to be a swing state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724201809/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247507 |date=July 24, 2022 }}. [[NBC News]], November 12, 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2024/10/11/why-ohio-is-not-considered-a-swing-state-in-this-years-presidential-election/ |title=Why Ohio is not considered a swing state in this year’s presidential election |author=Henry, Megan |publisher=Ohio Capital Journal |date=October 11, 2024 |access-date=November 9, 2024 }}</ref> It has also been considered a [[bellwether]] state.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html Trolling the Campuses for Swing-State Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528014334/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/02/arts/02camp.html |date=May 28, 2015 }}, Julie Salamon, "The New York Times", October 2, 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2108640/ Game Theory for Swingers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201225851/http://www.slate.com/id/2108640/ |date=February 1, 2011 }}, Jordan Ellenberg, "[[Slate.com]]", October 25, 2004</ref> Since [[1896 United States presidential election|1896]], Ohio has had only three misses in the general election ([[1944 United States presidential election in Ohio|1944]], [[1960 United States presidential election in Ohio|1960]], [[2020 United States presidential election in Ohio|2020]]) and had the longest perfect streak of any state, voting for the winning presidential candidate in each election from [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]] to [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] and in 34 of the 39 held since the American Civil War. No Republican has ever won the presidency without winning Ohio. | ||
As of 2024, there are more than 8 million registered Ohioan voters, of which over 70% are not affiliated with any political party. They are disproportionate in age, with a million more over 65 than there are 18- to 24-year-olds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ohiovoterproject.org/|title=Weekly Voter Statistics For Ohio—May 4, 2019|date=May 5, 2019|website=Ohio Voter Project|language=en-US|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001356/https://ohiovoterproject.org/|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the [[2010 United States elections|2010 midterm elections]], Ohio's voter demographic has leaned towards the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|title=Ohio Voters Are More Likely to be Old, White, Without Higher Education and Non-Affiliated with a Political Party|publisher=Clevescene|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001358/https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> | As of 2024, there are more than 8 million registered Ohioan voters, of which over 70% are not affiliated with any political party. They are disproportionate in age, with a million more over 65 than there are 18- to 24-year-olds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ohiovoterproject.org/|title=Weekly Voter Statistics For Ohio—May 4, 2019|date=May 5, 2019|website=Ohio Voter Project|language=en-US|access-date=May 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001356/https://ohiovoterproject.org/|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the [[2010 United States elections|2010 midterm elections]], Ohio's voter demographic has leaned towards the Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|title=Ohio Voters Are More Likely to be Old, White, Without Higher Education and Non-Affiliated with a Political Party|publisher=Clevescene|access-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506001358/https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/11/01/ohio-voters-are-more-likely-to-be-old-white-without-higher-education-and-non-affiliated-with-a-political-party|archive-date=May 6, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||