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New Jersey: Difference between revisions
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'''New Jersey''' is a [[U.S. state|state]] in both the [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]] and [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] regions of the United States. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|most densely populated]] state and at the center of the [[Northeast megalopolis]]. New Jersey is bordered to the northeast by [[New York (state)|New York state]]; on its east, southeast, and south by the [[Atlantic Ocean]]; on its west by the [[Delaware River]] and [[Pennsylvania]]; and on its southwest by [[Delaware Bay]] and [[Delaware]]. At {{Convert|7,354|sqmi}}, New Jersey is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|fifth-smallest state in land area]], but with close to 9.3 million residents as of the [[2020 United States census]], it ranks [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|11th in population]]. The state capital is [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], and the state's most populous city is [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which every [[List of counties in New Jersey|county]] is deemed [[urban area|urban]] by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]. | '''New Jersey''' is a [[U.S. state|state]] in both the [[Mid-Atlantic States|Mid-Atlantic]] and [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]] regions of the United States. It is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population density|most densely populated]] state and at the center of the [[Northeast megalopolis]]. New Jersey is bordered to the northeast by [[New York (state)|New York state]]; on its east, southeast, and south by the [[Atlantic Ocean]]; on its west by the [[Delaware River]] and [[Pennsylvania]]; and on its southwest by [[Delaware Bay]] and [[Delaware]]. At {{Convert|7,354|sqmi}}, New Jersey is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|fifth-smallest state in land area]], but with close to 9.3 million residents as of the [[2020 United States census]], it ranks [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|11th in population]]. The state capital is [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], and the state's most populous city is [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which every [[List of counties in New Jersey|county]] is deemed [[urban area|urban]] by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]. | ||
New Jersey was first inhabited by [[Paleo-Indians]] as early as 13,000 B.C.E. The [[Lenape]] were the dominant [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous group]] when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, and they were subdivived into dialectal groups such as the Munsee, in the north, and the Unami and the Unalachtigo, elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey Indian Tribes and Languages |url=https://www.native-languages.org/jersey.htm |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.native-languages.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swanton |first=John Reed |title=The Indian Tribes of North America |pages=48–55}}</ref> [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] and [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] colonists founded the first European settlements in the state,<ref>{{cite web |title=NJ History Outline |url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430032638/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |publisher=USGenNet }}</ref> with the [[Kingdom of England|British]] later seizing control of the region and establishing the [[Province of New Jersey]], named after [[Jersey]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=New Jersey |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |access-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029034619/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |archive-date=October 29, 2009 |encyclopedia=MSN Encarta |via=Webcitation.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopedia—New Jersey History |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055543/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |publisher=2000–2011 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease}}</ref> The colony's fertile lands and relative [[toleration|religious tolerance]] drew a large and diverse population. New Jersey was among the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that supported the [[American Revolution]], hosting several [[New Jersey in the American Revolution|pivotal battles and military commands]] in the | New Jersey was first inhabited by [[Paleo-Indians]] as early as 13,000 B.C.E. The [[Lenape]] were the dominant [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous group]] when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, and they were subdivived into dialectal groups such as the Munsee, in the north, and the Unami and the Unalachtigo, elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey Indian Tribes and Languages |url=https://www.native-languages.org/jersey.htm |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.native-languages.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Swanton |first=John Reed |title=The Indian Tribes of North America |pages=48–55}}</ref> [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] and [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] colonists founded the first European settlements in the state,<ref>{{cite web |title=NJ History Outline |url=http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430032638/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nj/state/NJ-History.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |publisher=USGenNet }}</ref> with the [[Kingdom of England|British]] later seizing control of the region and establishing the [[Province of New Jersey]], named after [[Jersey]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=New Jersey |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |access-date=July 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029034619/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html |archive-date=October 29, 2009 |encyclopedia=MSN Encarta |via=Webcitation.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Encyclopedia—New Jersey History |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930055543/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/us/A0859954.html |archive-date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |publisher=2000–2011 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease}}</ref> The colony's fertile lands and relative [[toleration|religious tolerance]] drew a large and diverse population. New Jersey was among the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that supported the [[American Revolution]], hosting several [[New Jersey in the American Revolution|pivotal battles and military commands]] in the American Revolutionary War. New Jersey remained in the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] during the American Civil War and [[New Jersey in the American Civil War|provided]] troops, resources, and military leaders in support of the [[Union Army]]. After the war, the state emerged as a major [[manufacturing]] center and a leading destination for immigrants, helping drive the [[Industrial Revolution]] in the U.S. New Jersey was the site of many industrial, technological, and commercial [[innovation]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mansnerus |first=Laura |date=September 26, 1999 |title=New Jersey's Cities: Sad Urban Presence Encircled by Wealth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/26/nyregion/new-jersey-s-cities-sad-urban-presence-encircled-by-wealth.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917065514/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/26/nyregion/new-jersey-s-cities-sad-urban-presence-encircled-by-wealth.html |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |access-date=December 21, 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[List of people from New Jersey|Many prominent Americans associated with New Jersey]] have proven influential nationally and globally, including in academia, advocacy, business, entertainment, government, military, non-profit leadership, and other fields. | ||
New Jersey's central location in the Northeast megalopolis helped fuel its rapid growth and [[suburbanization]] in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state's economy has become highly diversified, with major sectors including [[biotechnology]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[information technology]], [[Wall Street West|finance]], and [[tourism]], and it has become an [[East Coast of the United States|Atlantic seaboard]] epicenter for [[logistics]] and [[distribution (marketing)|distribution]]. New Jersey remains a major destination for immigrants and is home to one of the world's most [[Ethnic enclave|multicultural populations]].<ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ22">{{cite web |author=Sheingold |first=Dave |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Bergen County leads population growth trend, halts flow to other parts of N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145941/http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref><ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ3">{{cite web |author=Lynn |first=Kathleen |date=October 25, 2015 |title=What's the future for suburban office space? |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026013653/http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref> Echoing historical trends, the state has increasingly re-urbanized, with growth in cities outpacing [[suburb]]s since 2008.<ref>{{cite web |author=Maag |first=Chrispher |date=April 15, 2016 |title=Population rebounds around train stations in N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418205913/http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=April 15, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref> | New Jersey's central location in the Northeast megalopolis helped fuel its rapid growth and [[suburbanization]] in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state's economy has become highly diversified, with major sectors including [[biotechnology]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[information technology]], [[Wall Street West|finance]], and [[tourism]], and it has become an [[East Coast of the United States|Atlantic seaboard]] epicenter for [[logistics]] and [[distribution (marketing)|distribution]]. New Jersey remains a major destination for immigrants and is home to one of the world's most [[Ethnic enclave|multicultural populations]].<ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ22">{{cite web |author=Sheingold |first=Dave |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Bergen County leads population growth trend, halts flow to other parts of N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324145941/http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=March 24, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref><ref name="ReUrbanizationNJ3">{{cite web |author=Lynn |first=Kathleen |date=October 25, 2015 |title=What's the future for suburban office space? |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026013653/http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856 |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |access-date=October 25, 2015 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref> Echoing historical trends, the state has increasingly re-urbanized, with growth in cities outpacing [[suburb]]s since 2008.<ref>{{cite web |author=Maag |first=Chrispher |date=April 15, 2016 |title=Population rebounds around train stations in N.J |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418205913/http://www.northjersey.com/news/population-rebounds-around-train-stations-in-n-j-1.1546298 |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=April 15, 2016 |website=northjersey.com}}</ref> | ||
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New Jersey was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that revolted against British rule in the [[American Revolution]]. The [[s:New Jersey Constitution of 1776|New Jersey Constitution of 1776]] was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the [[Second Continental Congress]] declared American Independence from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]. It was an act of the [[Provincial Congress of New Jersey|Provincial Congress]], which made itself into the [[New Jersey Legislature|State Legislature]]. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become the legislature would disband if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. Among the 56 [[Founding Fathers]] who signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], five were New Jersey representatives: [[Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)|Richard Stockton]], [[John Witherspoon]], [[Francis Hopkinson]], [[John Hart (New Jersey politician)|John Hart]], and [[Abraham Clark]]. | New Jersey was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that revolted against British rule in the [[American Revolution]]. The [[s:New Jersey Constitution of 1776|New Jersey Constitution of 1776]] was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the [[Second Continental Congress]] declared American Independence from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]. It was an act of the [[Provincial Congress of New Jersey|Provincial Congress]], which made itself into the [[New Jersey Legislature|State Legislature]]. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become the legislature would disband if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. Among the 56 [[Founding Fathers]] who signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], five were New Jersey representatives: [[Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)|Richard Stockton]], [[John Witherspoon]], [[Francis Hopkinson]], [[John Hart (New Jersey politician)|John Hart]], and [[Abraham Clark]]. | ||
During the | During the American Revolutionary War, British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times, and several pivotal battles took place in the state. Because of this, New Jersey today is sometimes referred to as "The Crossroads of the American Revolution".<ref>{{cite web|title=About Crossroads of the American Revolution|url=http://revolutionarynj.org/about-crossroads-of-the-american-revolution/|publisher=Crossroads of the American Revolution|access-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104192948/http://revolutionarynj.org/about-crossroads-of-the-american-revolution/|archive-date=November 4, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The winter quarters of the [[Continental Army]] were established in New Jersey twice by General [[George Washington]] in [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]], which has been called "The Military Capital of the American Revolution."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Military Capital of the American Revolution|url=http://www.visitnj.org/article/military-capital-american-revolution|publisher=New Jersey Tourism|date=February 2014|access-date=November 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105231335/http://www.visitnj.org/article/military-capital-american-revolution|archive-date=November 5, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
On the night of December 25–26, 1776, the Continental Army under [[Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|George Washington crossed the Delaware River]]. After the crossing, they surprised and defeated the [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian troops]] in the [[Battle of Trenton]]. Slightly more than a week after victory at [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], Continental Army forces gained an important victory by stopping [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|General Cornwallis's]] charges at the [[Second Battle of Trenton]]. By evading Cornwallis's army, the Continental Army was able to make a surprise attack on [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] and successfully defeated the British forces there on January 3, 1777. [[Emanuel Leutze]]'s painting of ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' became an icon of the Revolution. | On the night of December 25–26, 1776, the Continental Army under [[Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|George Washington crossed the Delaware River]]. After the crossing, they surprised and defeated the [[Hessian (soldiers)|Hessian troops]] in the [[Battle of Trenton]]. Slightly more than a week after victory at [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], Continental Army forces gained an important victory by stopping [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|General Cornwallis's]] charges at the [[Second Battle of Trenton]]. By evading Cornwallis's army, the Continental Army was able to make a surprise attack on [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]] and successfully defeated the British forces there on January 3, 1777. [[Emanuel Leutze]]'s painting of ''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' became an icon of the Revolution. | ||