Executive Office for Immigration Review: Difference between revisions

}}The '''Executive Office for Immigration Review''' ('''EOIR''') is a sub-agency of the [[United States Department of Justice]] whose chief function is to conduct [[removal proceedings]] in immigration courts and adjudicate appeals arising from the proceedings. These [[administrative proceeding]]s determine the [[deportation|removability]] and [[wikt:admissibility|admissibility]] of individuals in the United States. {{As of|2023|1|19|df=US}}, there were sixty-eight immigration courts and three adjudication centers throughout the United States.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.justice.gov/eoir/office-of-the-chief-immigration-judge | title=Office of the Chief Immigration Judge | date=13 January 2015 }}</ref>

EOIR was created in 1983 by the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] (DOJ) as part of an internal reorganization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/10/02/48%20Fed%20Reg%208038%2002251983.pdf|title=48 Fed. Reg. 8038 (Feb. 25, 1983)|date=1983-02-25|website=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref> Prior to 1983, the functions performed by EOIR were divided among different agencies. The earliest version of a specialized immigration service was the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), created in 1933, in the [[United States Department of Labor|Department of Labor]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/eoir/evolution-pre-1983|title=Evolution of the U.S Immigration Court System: Pre-1983|date=April 30, 2015|website=U.S. Department of Justice|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> Seven years later, in 1940, the INS moved from Labor to its present location in the Department of Justice. Twelve years after moving to DOJ, in 1952, the [[Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952|Immigration and Nationality Act]] organized all U.S. immigration laws into one statute, and designated "special inquiry officers,"  the predecessors of immigration judges, to decide questions of deportation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=F.H.S.|date=1956|title=The Special Inquiry Officer in Deportation Proceedings|journal=Virginia Law Review|volume=42|issue=6|pages=803–830|doi=10.2307/1070271|jstor=1070271}}</ref>