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National Guard: Difference between revisions
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Within hours of the devastating [[San Francisco Earthquake & Fire: April 18, 1906|San Francisco earthquake and fire of April 1906]], the [[California National Guard]] maintained order, protected lives and property and distributed relief supplies. Its role was controversial and it was withdrawn after 40 days. Federal troops also were used.<ref>James J. Hudson, "The California National Guard: In the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906." California Historical Quarterly 55.2 (1976): 137-149. [https://militarymuseum.org/CNG1906.pdf online]</ref> | Within hours of the devastating [[San Francisco Earthquake & Fire: April 18, 1906|San Francisco earthquake and fire of April 1906]], the [[California National Guard]] maintained order, protected lives and property and distributed relief supplies. Its role was controversial and it was withdrawn after 40 days. Federal troops also were used.<ref>James J. Hudson, "The California National Guard: In the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906." California Historical Quarterly 55.2 (1976): 137-149. [https://militarymuseum.org/CNG1906.pdf online]</ref> | ||
On September 24, 1957, President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] federalized the entire Arkansas National Guard to ensure the safe entry of the [[Little Rock Nine]] to [[Little Rock Central High School]] the following day. Governor [[Orval Faubus]] had previously used members of the guard to deny the students entry to the school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eisenhower-domestic/|title=Domestic Politics under Eisenhower|date=August 17, 2022|website=PBS.org|access-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0925.html|title=President Sends Troops To Little Rock, Federalizes Arkansas National Guard; Tells Nation He Acted To Avoid Anarchy|last=Lewis|first=Anthony|date=September 24, 1957|website= | On September 24, 1957, President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] federalized the entire Arkansas National Guard to ensure the safe entry of the [[Little Rock Nine]] to [[Little Rock Central High School]] the following day. Governor [[Orval Faubus]] had previously used members of the guard to deny the students entry to the school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eisenhower-domestic/|title=Domestic Politics under Eisenhower|date=August 17, 2022|website=PBS.org|access-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0925.html|title=President Sends Troops To Little Rock, Federalizes Arkansas National Guard; Tells Nation He Acted To Avoid Anarchy|last=Lewis|first=Anthony|date=September 24, 1957|website=The New York Times|access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref> | ||
The New York National Guard were ordered by Governor [[Nelson A. Rockefeller]] to respond to the [[1964 Rochester race riot|Rochester 1964 race riot]] in July of that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/27/archives/1000-national-guardsmen-are-sent-into-rochester-to-help-halt-race.html//|title=1,000 National Guardsmen Are Sent Into Rochester To Help Halt Race Riots; Rockefeller Acts; 120 Seized in Day of Looting – Copter Crash Kills 3|date=July 27, 1964|website= | The New York National Guard were ordered by Governor [[Nelson A. Rockefeller]] to respond to the [[1964 Rochester race riot|Rochester 1964 race riot]] in July of that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/27/archives/1000-national-guardsmen-are-sent-into-rochester-to-help-halt-race.html//|title=1,000 National Guardsmen Are Sent Into Rochester To Help Halt Race Riots; Rockefeller Acts; 120 Seized in Day of Looting – Copter Crash Kills 3|date=July 27, 1964|website=The New York Times|access-date=September 26, 2024}}</ref> The [[California Army National Guard]] were mobilized by the Governor of California [[Pat Brown|Edmund Gerald Brown Sr.]] during the [[Watts Riots]], in August 1965, to provide security and help restore order.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-12-ca-975-story.html|title=National Guard Actions in '65 Watts Rioting|date=May 12, 1990|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref> | ||
Elements of the [[Ohio Army National Guard]] were ordered to [[Kent State University]] by Ohio's governor [[Jim Rhodes]] to quell anti-[[Vietnam War]] protests, culminating in their [[Kent State shootings|shooting into a crowd of students]] on May 4, 1970, killing four and injuring nine. The massacre was followed by the [[Student strike of 1970]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240503-kent-state-university-1970-protests-that-shook-the-us|title=Kent State shootings: The 1970 student protest that shook the U.S.|last=Kelly|first=Dan|date=May 4, 2024|website=[[BBC News]]|access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref> | Elements of the [[Ohio Army National Guard]] were ordered to [[Kent State University]] by Ohio's governor [[Jim Rhodes]] to quell anti-[[Vietnam War]] protests, culminating in their [[Kent State shootings|shooting into a crowd of students]] on May 4, 1970, killing four and injuring nine. The massacre was followed by the [[Student strike of 1970]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240503-kent-state-university-1970-protests-that-shook-the-us|title=Kent State shootings: The 1970 student protest that shook the U.S.|last=Kelly|first=Dan|date=May 4, 2024|website=[[BBC News]]|access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref> | ||
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* [[John R. Bolton]], former [[United States Representative to the United Nations]] and [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] | * [[John R. Bolton]], former [[United States Representative to the United Nations]] and [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] | ||
* [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Philip Brown]], former United States Senator from Massachusetts<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/us/politics/scott-brown-releases-unredacted-national-guard-records.html|title=Brown Releases Records From National Guard|last=Goodnough|first=Abby|date=January 28, 2012|website= | * [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Philip Brown]], former United States Senator from Massachusetts<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/us/politics/scott-brown-releases-unredacted-national-guard-records.html|title=Brown Releases Records From National Guard|last=Goodnough|first=Abby|date=January 28, 2012|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | ||
* [[William J. Donovan]], founder of the [[Office of Strategic Services]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/the-legend-of-wild-bill-how-donovan-got-his-nickname/|title=The legend of Wild Bill: How Donovan Got His Nickname|date=November 11, 2020|website=cia.gov|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | * [[William J. Donovan]], founder of the [[Office of Strategic Services]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/the-legend-of-wild-bill-how-donovan-got-his-nickname/|title=The legend of Wild Bill: How Donovan Got His Nickname|date=November 11, 2020|website=cia.gov|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | ||
* [[Joni Ernst]], Junior [[United States Senator|Senator]] from [[Iowa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/02/joni-ernst-combat-veteran-115080|title=Ernst: yes I'm a combat veteran|last=lerner|first=Adam|date=February 10, 2015|website=[[Politico]]|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | * [[Joni Ernst]], Junior [[United States Senator|Senator]] from [[Iowa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/02/joni-ernst-combat-veteran-115080|title=Ernst: yes I'm a combat veteran|last=lerner|first=Adam|date=February 10, 2015|website=[[Politico]]|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | ||
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* [[Brock Lesnar]], professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist | * [[Brock Lesnar]], professional wrestler and former mixed martial artist | ||
* [[Audie Murphy]], highly decorated soldier from WWII, prolific 1950s actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.military.com/history/almost-80-years-later-audie-murphys-medal-of-honor-action-still-something-out-of-movie.html|title=Almost 80 years Later, Audie Murphy's Medal of Honor Action Is Still Like Something Out of a Movie|last=Stilwell|first=Blake|date=January 20, 2024|website=Military.com|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | * [[Audie Murphy]], highly decorated soldier from WWII, prolific 1950s actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.military.com/history/almost-80-years-later-audie-murphys-medal-of-honor-action-still-something-out-of-movie.html|title=Almost 80 years Later, Audie Murphy's Medal of Honor Action Is Still Like Something Out of a Movie|last=Stilwell|first=Blake|date=January 20, 2024|website=Military.com|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | ||
* [[Dan Quayle]], 44th Vice President of the United States<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/20/us/the-1992-campaign-the-favors-done-for-quayle-a-new-look-at-guard-stint.html|title=The 1992 Campaign: The Favors Done for Quayle: A New look at Guard Stint|last=Sack|first=Kevin|date=September 20, 1992|website= | * [[Dan Quayle]], 44th Vice President of the United States<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/20/us/the-1992-campaign-the-favors-done-for-quayle-a-new-look-at-guard-stint.html|title=The 1992 Campaign: The Favors Done for Quayle: A New look at Guard Stint|last=Sack|first=Kevin|date=September 20, 1992|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | ||
* [[Cazzie Russell]], former [[New York Knicks]] basketball player | * [[Cazzie Russell]], former [[New York Knicks]] basketball player | ||
* [[Babe Ruth]], former [[Major League Baseball]] player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2010/05/25/private-babe-ruth/|title=Private Babe Ruth|date=May 25, 2010|website=National Archives|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | * [[Babe Ruth]], former [[Major League Baseball]] player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2010/05/25/private-babe-ruth/|title=Private Babe Ruth|date=May 25, 2010|website=National Archives|access-date=July 22, 2024}}</ref> | ||