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{{Infobox government agency | name = National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) | seal = | logo = National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences_logo.svg | formed = 1966 | jurisdiction = [[Federal Government of the United States]] | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = Dr. [[Richard Woychik]] | chief1_position = Director | chief2_name = Dr. Trevor K. Archer | chief2_position = Deputy Director | chief3_name = | chief3_position = | chief4_name = | chief4_position = | chief5_name = | chief5_position = | chief6_name = | chief6_position = | chief7_name = | chief7_position = | chief8_name = | chief8_position = | chief9_name = | chief9_position = | parent_department = [[Department of Health and Human Services]] | parent_agency = [[National Institutes of Health]] | website = {{URL|https://www.niehs.nih.gov/}} }} The '''National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences''' ('''NIEHS''') conducts research into the effects of the environment on human disease, as one of the 27 institutes and centers of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH). It is located in the [[Research Triangle Park]] in [[North Carolina]], and is the only primary division of the NIH located outside of the [[Washington metropolitan area]]. As an institute of the National Institutes of Health, the NIEHS supports environmental health research with the mission of reducing [[environmental disease]], advancing basic, [[environmental health]] and clinical science, and increasing the availability of researcher and worker training. ==Constitution== The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is a part of the National Institutes of Health, which is in turn a part of the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2024 |title=HHS Agencies & Offices |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/hhs-agencies-and-offices/index.html |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services}}</ref> The [[mission statement|mission]] of the NIEHS is to "reduce the burden of human [[illness]] and [[disability]] by understanding how the [[Natural environment|environment]] influences the development and progression of [[human]] [[disease]]". NIEHS focuses on peer-reviewed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levinson |first=Daniel R. |author-link=Daniel R. Levinson |date=August 29, 2017 |title=As Funding for BPA Research Increased, NIEHS Followed Its Peer Review Process While Also Exercising Its Discretion |url=https://oig.hhs.gov/reports-and-publications/all-reports-and-publications/as-funding-for-bpa-research-increased-niehs-followed-its-peer-review-process-while-also-exercising-its-discretion/ |website=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General}}</ref> [[basic science]], disease-oriented research, global environmental health, clinical research, and multidisciplinary training for researchers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birnbaum |first=Linda S. |date=September 2018 |title=Moving NIEHS Forward for the Next Five Years |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |language=en |volume=126 |issue=9 |doi=10.1289/EHP4356 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=6375384 |pmid=30203991}}</ref> NIEHS researchers and grantees have shown links between [[lung cancer]] and [[asbestos]] exposure, the developmental impairment of children exposed to [[lead]] and the health effects of [[urban area|urban]] [[pollution]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/health/materials/niehs_overview_508.pdf |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=National Institutes of Health}}</ref> The 1994 co-recipient of the [[Nobel Prize]] in medicine, Dr. [[Martin Rodbell]], served as Scientific Director of the NIEHS from 1985 to 1989.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1999 |title=Martin rodbell obituary |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |language=en |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=A9 |doi=10.1289/ehp.107-1566302 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=1566302 |pmid=9872722}}</ref> Later on in 1994, NIEHS scientists assisted in identifying the first [[breast cancer]] [[gene]], [[BRCA1]], and, in 1995, identified a gene that suppresses [[prostate cancer]].<ref name=":1" /> Work by NIEHS researchers and grantees has resulted in the development of [[Genetically modified mouse|genetically altered mice]] to improve and shorten the screening of potential [[toxins]] and to help develop aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arnette |first=Robin |date=January 2022 |title=2021 Papers of the year |url=https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/1/papers/papers-of-the-year |website=Environmental Factor}}</ref> The Institute funds centers for environmental health studies at universities across the United States. == History == [[File:NIEHS facility at RTP.png|thumb|NIEHS facility at Research Triangle Park]] In 1966, U.S. Surgeon General [[William H. Stewart]] helped to create a Division of Environmental Health Sciences within the NIH.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William H. Stewart (1965-1969) |url=https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biostewart.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/3929/20171201191744/https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biostewart.html |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2017-12-01 |website=SurgeonGeneral.gov}}</ref> Three years later, the division became its own institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hawkins |first=Thomas R. |date=1987 |title=A History of Progress: NIEHS, The First 20 Years (1966 to 1986) |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=75 |pages=7–10 |doi=10.2307/3430569 |issn=0091-6765|doi-access=free |jstor=3430569 |pmid=3319568 |pmc=1474451 }}</ref> Past directors include Paul Kotin, [[David Rall]], [[Kenneth Olden]], David A. Schwartz, and Linda Birnbaum.<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> == Directors == {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |- !Portrait !Directors !Took office !Left office |- |[[File:Paul Kotin.jpg|100px]] |[[Paul Kotin]]<ref name="WhatWeDo">{{cite web|title=NIEHS Directors|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-institute-environmental-health-sciences-niehs|website=www.nih.gov|date=9 July 2015 }}</ref> |November 1, 1966 |February 28, 1971 |- |[[File:David Rall.jpg|100px]] |[[David Rall]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> |March 1, 1971 |October 1, 1990 |- |[[File:Noimage.svg|100px]] |David G. Hoel (acting)<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> |October 1990 |June 1991 |- |[[File:Kenneth Olden.jpg|100px]] |[[Kenneth Olden]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> |1991 |2005 |- |[[File:David A. Schwartz.jpg|100px]] |[[David A. Schwartz]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> |May 22, 2005 |August 19, 2007 |- |[[File:Acting NIEHS Director Samuel H. Wilson.jpg|100px]] |Samuel H. Wilson (acting)<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> |August 20, 2007 |December 2008 |- |[[File:Birnbaum (NIEHS).jpg|100px]] |[[Linda Birnbaum]]<ref name="WhatWeDo" /> |January 16, 2009 |October 3, 2019 |- |[[File:Rick Woychik.jpg|100px]] |[[Richard Woychik]]<ref>{{cite web|title=NIH names Rick Woychik Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|url=https://www.newswise.com/articles/nih-names-rick-woychik-director-of-the-national-institute-of-environmental-health-sciences|website=newswise.com}}</ref> |June 7, 2020 |present |- |} == Organization == The NIEHS is one of 27 institutes and centers of the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), which is a component of the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS).<ref name=":0" /> NIEHS is located on {{convert|375|acre|km2}} in [[Research Triangle Park]] (RTP), North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=NIEHS Sustainability Report 2021 |url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/about/assets/files/niehs_sustainability_report_2021_508.pdf |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences}}</ref> Its current director is Dr. Richard Woychik, who is also concurrently the director of the [[National Toxicology Program]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Eve |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Federal environmental health director lays out road map for environmental health sciences |url=https://ysph.yale.edu/news-article/federal-environmental-health-director-lays-out-road-map-for-environmental-health-sciences/ |website=Yale School of Public Health}}</ref> The deputy director is Dr. Trevor Archer. The director of the NIEHS reports to the director of the NIH, of which the NIEHS is a member agency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIH Organizational Chart |url=https://oma.od.nih.gov/IC_Organization_Chart/NIH%20Organizational%20Chart.pdf |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=National Institutes of Health}}</ref> NIEHS is composed of: * Division of Intramural Research (DIR), which is research done at NIEHS * Division of Extramural Research and Training, which funds research conducted elsewhere * Division of the [[National Toxicology Program]], which is an interagency program headquartered at NIEHS == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.niehs.nih.gov/ National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences] official website {{National Institutes of Health}} {{United States government agencies involved in environmental science}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:National Institutes of Health|Environmental Health Sciences]] [[Category:Environmental health organizations]] [[Category:Medical and health organizations based in North Carolina]] [[Category:Research institutes in North Carolina]] [[Category:Medical research institutes in the United States]]