You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason:
The action you have requested is limited to users in one of the groups: newuser, fileuploaders, CargoAdmin.
Free text:
{{Short description|Federal government department}} {{Infobox government agency | agency_name = United States Department of Housing and Urban Development | logo = Flag of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.svg{{!}}border | logo_width = 145 | logo_caption = Flag of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development | seal = Seal of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.svg | seal_width = 175 | seal_caption = Seal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development | picture = United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development_(HUD)_(53840390494).jpg | picture_caption = [[Robert C. Weaver Federal Building]], Department Headquarters | formed = {{Start date and age|1965|9|9}} | preceding1 = [[Housing and Home Finance Agency]] | coordinates = {{coord|38|53|2.17|N|77|1|21.03|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]] | headquarters = [[Robert C. Weaver Federal Building]]<br>451 [[7th Street (Washington, D.C.)|7th Street]] [[Southwest, Washington D.C.|SW]], [[Washington, D.C.]] | employees = 7,240 ([[Fiscal year|FY]]2021 [[Full-time equivalent|FTE]])<ref>{{cite report |author=[[U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]] |date=2021 |title=2022 Budget in Brief U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development |url=https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2022_Budget_in_Brief_FINAL.pdf |publisher=[[U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]] |page=7 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=July 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716023657/https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2022_Budget_in_Brief_FINAL.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | budget = $60.3 billion (FY2021)<ref group=note>For FY2021, $60.3 billion is the gross discretionary budget authority, which does not account for budgetary savings from offsets and other sources. The net discretionary budget authority, which does account for these savings, is $15 billion lower, at $45.3 billion. For more information, consult the "Totals" section on pages 1-3 of reference 2.</ref><ref>{{cite report |author=Alyse N. Minter |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): FY2022 Budget Request Fact Sheet |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46849 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |page=3 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722173958/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46849 |url-status=live }}</ref> <!--|chief1_name = |chief1_position = [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|Secretary]]-->| chief2_name = [[Adrianne Todman]] | chief2_position = Acting [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|Secretary]] and [[United States Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|Deputy Secretary]] | website = {{URL|www.hud.gov|hud.gov}} | footnotes = }} The '''[[Department of Housing and Urban Development]]''' ('''HUD''') is one of the [[United States federal executive departments|executive departments]] of the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]]. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|secretary of housing and urban development]], who reports directly to the [[president of the United States]] and is a member of the president's [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]]. Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises. ==History== The idea of a department of Urban Affairs was proposed in a 1957 report to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, led by New York Governor [[Nelson Rockefeller|Nelson A. Rockefeller.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban affairs message, February 1962: 1-6 and undated (3 of 3 folders) {{!}} JFK Library |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHSFLCW/018/JFKWHSFLCW-018-005 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |website=www.jfklibrary.org}}</ref> The idea of a department of Housing and Urban Affairs was taken up by President John F. Kennedy, with Pennsylvania Senator and Kennedy ally [[Joseph S. Clark Jr.]] listing it as one of the top seven legislative priorities for the administration in internal documents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1960 {{!}} JFK Library |url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKPOF/049/JFKPOF-049-001 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |website=www.jfklibrary.org}}</ref> The department was established on September 9, 1965, when Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act<ref>{{USPL|89|174}}</ref> into law. It stipulated that the department was to be created no later than November 8, sixty days following the date of enactment. The actual implementation was postponed until January 14, 1966, following the completion of a special study group report on the federal role in solving urban problems. HUD is administered by the [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]. Its headquarters is located in the [[Robert C. Weaver Federal Building]]. Some important milestones for HUD's development include:<ref>[http://www.hud.gov/basic.cfm Basic Congressional and Presidential Actions Establishing Major HUD-related Programs] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20010715083305/http://www.hud.gov/basic.cfm |date=July 15, 2001 }}. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</ref> * June 27, 1934 – The [[National Housing Act of 1934|National Housing Act]] creates the [[Federal Housing Administration]], which helps provide [[mortgage insurance]] on loans made by FHA-approved lenders.<ref>[http://www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/fhahistory.cfm The Federal Housing Administration (FHA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105123839/http://www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/fhahistory.cfm |date=January 5, 2010 }}. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</ref> * September 1, 1937 – [[Housing Act of 1937]] creates the [[United States Housing Authority|U.S. Housing Authority]], which helps enact [[Slum clearance in the United States|slum clearance]] projects and construction of low-rent housing. * February 3, 1938 – The National Housing Act Amendments of 1938 is signed into law.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/us/codes/title12/12usc1701a.html |title=§ 1701a. — Short title of amendment of 1938. - US § 1701a. — Short title of amendment of 1938. - US Code :: Justia |publisher=law.justia.com |access-date=March 25, 2011 |archive-date=May 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510165335/https://law.justia.com/codes/us/2010/title12/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The law creates the [[Fannie Mae|Federal National Mortgage Association]] (FNMA), which provides a secondary market to the [[Federal Housing Administration]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huduser.org/hud_timeline/index.html|title=HUD Interactive Timeline|website=www.huduser.org|access-date=February 12, 2011|archive-date=January 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112083311/http://www.huduser.org/hud_timeline/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * February 24, 1942 – Executive Order 9070, Establishing the [[National Housing Agency]]. The Federal Housing Administration, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, The Home Owners' Loan Corporation, The United States Housing Authority, defense housing under the Federal Works Agency, the War Department, the Navy Department, the Farm Security Administration, the Defense Homes Corporation, the Federal Loan Administration, and the Division of Defense Housing Coordination were consolidated. The National Housing Agency would be made up of three units, each with its own commissioner. The units were the Federal Housing Administration, the Federal Home Loan Bank Administration, and the United States Housing Authority.<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive Order 9070 Establishing the National Housing Agency|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16225&st=&st1=|website=The American Presidency Project|access-date=July 23, 2017|archive-date=September 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927112644/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16225&st=&st1=|url-status=live}}</ref> * July 27, 1947 – The [[Housing and Home Finance Agency]] is established through [[Reorganization Plan Number 3]]. * July 15, 1949 – The [[Housing Act of 1949]] is enacted to help eradicate slums and promote community development and redevelopment programs. * August 2, 1954 – The [[Housing Act of 1954]] establishes comprehensive planning assistance. * September 23, 1959 – The [[Housing Act of 1959]] allows funds for elderly housing. * September 2, 1964 – The [[Housing Act of 1964]] allows rehabilitation loans for homeowners. * August 10, 1965 – The [[Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965]] instituted several major expansions in federal housing programs. * September 1965 – HUD is created as a cabinet-level agency by the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act. * April 1968 – The [[Fair Housing Act]] is passed to ban discrimination in housing. * During 1968 – The [[Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968]] establishes the [[Government National Mortgage Association]] (Ginnie Mae). * August 1969 – The [[Brooke Amendment]] establishes that low income families only pay no more than 25 percent of their income for rent. * August 1974 – [[Housing and Community Development Act of 1974]] allows community development [[block grant]]s and help for urban homesteading. * October 1977 – The [[Housing and Community Act of 1977]] sets up Urban Development Grants and continues elderly and handicapped assistance. * July 1987 – The [[McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act|Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act]] gives help to communities to deal with homelessness. It includes the creation of the [[United States Interagency Council on Homelessness]] of which HUD is a member. * February 1988 – The Housing and Community Development Act provides for the sale of public housing to resident management corporations. * October 1992 – The [[HOPE VI]] program starts to revitalize public housing and how it works. * October 1992 – The [[Housing and Community Development Act of 1992]] codifies within its language the [[Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992]] that creates the [[Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight]], and mandates HUD to set goals for lower income and underserved housing areas for the GSEs [[Fannie Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]]. * 1992 – Federal Housing Enterprises' Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 creates HUD Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight to provide public oversight of FNMA and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). * 1993 – Henry G. Cisneros is named Secretary of HUD by President William J. Clinton, January 22. Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community program becomes law as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993. * 1995 – "Blueprint for Reinvention of HUD" proposes sweeping changes in public housing reform and FHA, consolidation of other programs into three block grants. * 1996 – Homeownership totals 66.3 million American households, the largest number ever. * 1997 – Andrew M. Cuomo is named by President Clinton to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the first appointment ever from within the department. * 1998 – HUD opens Enforcement Center to take action against HUD-assisted multifamily property owners and other HUD fund recipients who violate laws and regulations. Congress approves Public Housing reforms to reduce segregation by race and income, encourage and reward work, bring more working families into public housing, and increase the availability of subsidized housing for very poor families. * 2000 – America's homeownership rate reaches a new record-high of 67.7 percent in the third quarter of 2000. A total of 71.6 million American families own their homes - more than at any time in American history. * 2001 – Mel Martinez, named by President George W. Bush to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, is unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on January 23, 2001. * 2004 – Alphonso Jackson, named by President George W. Bush to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, is unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 31, 2004. Mr. Jackson is the first Deputy Secretary to subsequently be named Secretary. * 2007{{spaced ndash}} HUD initiates program providing seller concessions to buyers of HUD homes, allowing them to use a down payment of $100. * 2013{{spaced ndash}} HUD announces it will "close its offices on May 24 and possibly six other days" as a result of the [[budget sequestration in 2013]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reckard |first=Scott|title=HUD to shut down offices as a result of sequester|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=May 19, 2013|date=May 17, 2013|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-sequester-hud-office-closures-20130517,0,2002872.story|archive-date=May 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519093229/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-sequester-hud-office-closures-20130517,0,2002872.story|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Agencies== === Agencies === * [[Federal Housing Administration]] === Offices === * Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (HUD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/faith_based|title=Center for Faith Based and Neighborhood Partnerships/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201172439/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/faith_based|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Departmental Enforcement Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/enforcement|title=Departmental Enforcement Center/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201174233/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/enforcement|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Office of Community Planning and Development]] * Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/gov_relations|title=Congressional / Intergovernmental Relations/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201195945/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/gov_relations|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of Equal Employment Opportunity [https://web.archive.org/web/20101201133318/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/eeo] * [[Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity]] * Office of Field Policy and Management<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/field_policy_mgt|title=Field Policy / Management/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201133537/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/field_policy_mgt|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of the General Counsel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/general_counsel|title=General Counsel/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201205054/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/general_counsel|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/healthy_homes|title=Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201162344/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/healthy_homes|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of Hearings and Appeals<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/hearings_appeals|title=Office of Hearings and Appeals/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201133455/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/hearings_appeals|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of Labor Relations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/labor_relations|title=null|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201173202/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/labor_relations|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of Policy Development and Research<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huduser.org/portal/|title=HUDUser.gov - HUD USER|website=www.huduser.org|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-date=May 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521164831/http://www.huduser.org/portal/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Office of Public Affairs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/public_affairs|title=Public Affairs/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201210712/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/public_affairs|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Office of Public and Indian Housing]] * Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/sdb|title=Small / Disadvantaged Business Utilization/U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201195857/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/sdb|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Office of Sustainable Housing and Communities<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/sustainable_housing_communities|title=null|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201162021/http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/program_offices/sustainable_housing_communities|archive-date=December 1, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Corporation === * [[Government National Mortgage Association|Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)]] ==Organizational structure== ===Major programs=== The major program offices are: * Community Planning and Development: Many major affordable housing and homelessness programs are administered under Community Planning and Development. These include the [[Community Development Block Grant]]s (CDBG), the HOME program, Shelter Plus Care, Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG), [[Section 8 (housing)|Section 8]] Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab SRO), and Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA). * Housing: This office is responsible for the [[Federal Housing Administration]]; mission regulation of [[Fannie Mae]] and [[Freddie Mac]]; regulation of [[manufactured housing]]; administration of [[Public housing in the United States|multifamily housing programs]], including Supportive Housing for the Elderly (Section 202) and Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811); Project-Based Section 8 and healthcare facility loan insurance. * Public and Indian Housing: This office administers the public housing program [[HOPE VI]], the [[Section 8 (housing)|Housing Choice Voucher Program]] (formerly{{spaced ndash}} yet more popularly{{spaced ndash}} known as [[Section 8 (housing)|Section 8]]), Project-Based Vouchers,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/hcv/project|title=Project Based Vouchers - HUD|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 10, 2022|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518065614/https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=%2Fprogram_offices%2Fpublic_indian_housing%2Fprograms%2Fhcv%2Fproject|url-status=live}}</ref> and individual loan programs housing block grants<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/public_indian_housing/ih/homeownership/184|title=Section 184 Indian Home Loan Guarantee Program - HUD|website=portal.hud.gov|access-date=May 10, 2022|archive-date=September 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912045810/https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=%2Fprogram_offices%2Fpublic_indian_housing%2Fih%2Fhomeownership%2F184|url-status=live}}</ref> for Native American tribes, Native Hawaiians and Alaskans. * [[Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity]]: This office enforces federal laws against discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, and familial status. * [[HUD USER|Policy Development and Research]] (PD&R): This office is responsible for maintaining current information on housing needs, market conditions, and existing programs, as well as conducting research on priority housing and community development issues through the [[HUD USER]] Clearinghouse. * [[Government National Mortgage Association]], or Ginnie Mae * Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control * [[Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing]], developed in 1998 ===Office of Inspector General=== {{See also | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Inspector General}} The [[United States Congress]] enacted the [[Inspector General Act of 1978]] to ensure integrity and efficiency in government. The Inspector General is appointed by the President and subject to Senate confirmation. He or she is responsible for conducting and supervising [[audit]]s, investigations, and inspections relating to the programs and operations of HUD. The OIG is to examine, evaluate and, where necessary, critique these operations and activities, recommending ways for the department to carry out its responsibilities in the most effective, efficient, and economical manner possible. The mission of the Office of Inspector General (OIG) is to:<ref>[http://www.hudoig.gov/about/mission.php "OIG Mission Statement"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927231341/http://www.hudoig.gov/about/mission.php |date=September 27, 2012 }} HUD Office of the Inspector General</ref> * Promote the integrity, efficiency, and effectiveness of HUD programs and operations to assist the department in meeting its mission * Detect and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse * Seek administrative sanctions, civil recoveries, and/or criminal prosecution of those responsible for waste, fraud and abuse in HUD programs and operations The OIG accomplishes its mission by conducting investigations pertinent to its activities; by keeping Congress, the Secretary, and the public fully informed of its activities, and by working with staff (in this case of HUD) in achieving success of its objectives and goals. The Honorable Rae Oliver Davis, who was appointed on January 23, 2019, is the current Inspector General.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hudoig.gov/about-hud-oig/organization-staff/inspector-general-immediate-office/rae-oliver-davis |title="The Honorable Rae Oliver Davis" |access-date=April 4, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420005055/https://www.hudoig.gov/about-hud-oig/organization-staff/inspector-general-immediate-office/rae-oliver-davis |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Budget and staffing=== The Department of Housing and Urban Development was authorized a budget for [[2015 United States federal budget|Fiscal Year 2015]] of $48.3 billion. The budget authorization is broken down as outlined in the following chart.<ref>[http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=FY16-CJE-EntireFile.pdf 2016 Department of Housing and Urban Development Congressional Justification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620112815/http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=FY16-CJE-EntireFile.pdf |date=June 20, 2015 }}, pg 1-2, United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Accessed June 19, 2015</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !Program !Funding (in billions) |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"| '''Discretionary Spending''' |- |Management and Administration |$1.9 |- |Public and Indian Housing |$28.7 |- |Community Planning and Development |$6.8 |- |Housing Programs |$11.7 |- |Offsetting Receipts |($8.3) |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"| '''Mandatory Spending''' |- |Mandatory Programs |$7.3 |- |'''Total''' |'''$48.3''' |} ==Criticisms== {{See also | Criticism of the United States government#Criticism of agencies}} A scandal arose in the 1990s when at least 700 houses were sold for profit by real estate [[speculator]]s taking the loans; at least 19 were arrested.<ref name="nytimesharlem">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E1D8103BF932A25756C0A9679C8B63|title=HUD Scraps Cuomo Remedy for Harlem Housing Scandal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 11, 2001|first=Terry|last=Pristin|access-date=May 26, 2010|archive-date=February 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204005023/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E1D8103BF932A25756C0A9679C8B63|url-status=live}}</ref> The scandal devastated the [[Brooklyn]] and [[Harlem]] housing market, with $70 million in HUD loans going into [[Default (finance)|default]].<ref name="villagevoicehud">{{cite news |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0627,smith,73729,15.html |title=HUD: The Horror Movie |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=July 5, 2006 |access-date=July 27, 2007 |archive-date=October 17, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017124840/http://www1.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0627,smith,73729,15.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Critics said that the department's lax oversight of their program allowed the fraud to occur.<ref name="nytimescuomo">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E3D7103FF931A35757C0A9679C8B63|title=Housing Pledge by Cuomo Faces an Uncertain Future|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 2, 2001|first=Terry|last=Pristin|access-date=September 17, 2017|archive-date=February 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204002041/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E3D7103FF931A35757C0A9679C8B63|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1997, the HUD Inspector General issued a report saying: "The program design encourages risky property deals, land sale, and [[refinance]] schemes, overstated property appraisals, and phony or excessive fees."<ref name="villagevoice">{{cite news |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0627,smith,73729,15.html|title= NYC's 10 Worst Landlords |newspaper=The Village Voice|date=July 5, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017124840/http://www1.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0627,smith,73729,15.html |archive-date=October 17, 2006 }}</ref> In June 1993, HUD Secretary [[Henry Cisneros]] admitted that "HUD has in many cases exacerbated the declining quality of life in America."<ref name="nytimesleaderofhud">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/23/us/leader-of-hud-assesses-it-harshly.html|title=Leader of H.U.D. Assesses It Harshly|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 23, 1993|first=STEPHEN|last=ENGELBERG|access-date=February 20, 2017|archive-date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041514/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/23/us/leader-of-hud-assesses-it-harshly.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1996, Vice President [[Al Gore]], referring to public housing projects, declared that, "These crime-infested monuments to a failed policy are killing the neighborhoods around them".<ref name="gugliotta1996">{{cite news | last = Gugliotta | first = Guy | newspaper = The Washington Post | date = 31 May 1996 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/05/31/redoubled-effort-targets-derelict-public-housing/71b6d2ca-25be-4b14-9997-b3ab112232e5/ | access-date = 16 November 2022 | title = Redoubled effort targets derelict public housing}}</ref> HUD Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing [[Roberta Achtenberg]] has been quoted as saying "HUD walks a tightrope between free speech and fair housing. We are ever mindful of the need to maintain the proper balance between these rights." [[Libertarian]] critic [[James Bovard]] commented that, "The more aggressive HUD becomes, the fewer free speech rights Americans have. Many words and phrases are now effectively forbidden in real estate ads... Apparently, there are two separate versions of the Bill of Rights -- one for private citizens and the other for federal bureaucrats and politicians".<ref>{{cite book |author=James Bovard |author-link=James Bovard |year=2000 |title= Feeling Your Pain: The Explosion and Abuse Of Government Power in the Clinton-Gore Years |publisher= St. Martin's Press |location= New York |id=0-312-23082-6 |pages= 167, 175, 176}}</ref> In 2006, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' named HUD "New York City's worst landlord" and "the #1 worst in the United States" based upon decrepit conditions of buildings and questionable [[eviction]] practices.<ref name="villagevoice"/> In September 2010, HUD started auctioning off delinquent home mortgage loans, defined as at least 90 days past due, to the highest bidder. It sold 2,000 loans in six national auctions. In 2012, this sale was massively increased under a "Distressed Asset Stabilization Program" (DASP), and the 100,000 loans sold as of 2014 have netted $8.8 billion for the FHA, rebuilding [[cash reserve]]s that had been depleted by loan defaults. The second stated and eponymous objective is to stabilize communities, by requiring purchasers to service the loans in a manner that stabilizes the surrounding communities by getting the loans to re-perform, renting the home to the borrower, gifting the property to a land bank or paying off the loans in full.<ref name=aljaz>{{cite news|author1=Mark Kurlyandchik|title=Feds accused of selling out neighborhoods to Wall St. firms|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/fault-lines/FaultLinesBlog/2014/9/9/feds-accused-of-sellingoutneighborhoodstowallst.html|access-date=October 3, 2014|publisher=Mark Kurlyandchik|date=September 9, 2014|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006135940/http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/fault-lines/FaultLinesBlog/2014/9/9/feds-accused-of-sellingoutneighborhoodstowallst.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An audit published August 2014 found "only about 11 percent of the loans sold through DASP [were] considered 're-performing'".<ref name=aljaz/> "Rather than defaulting—[FHA] keeps many of the properties they’re tied to from going through the typical foreclosure process. As a result, the FHA might actually be diverting housing stock from first-time homebuyers, the very group it was formed to serve..."<ref name=aljaz/> ==Related legislation== * 1944 – [[Servicemen's Readjustment Act]], {{USPL|78|346}} * 1949 – Housing Act, {{USPL|81|171}} * 1950 – Housing Act, {{USPL|81|475}} * 1951 – Defense Housing Act, {{USPL|82|139}} * 1952 – 550 Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act, {{USPL|82|325}} * 1954 – Housing Act, {{USPL|83|560}} * 1959 – Housing Act, {{USPL|86|372}} * 1962 – Senior Citizens Housing Act, {{USPL|87|723}} * 1965 – [[Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965]], {{USPL|89|117}} * 1965 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, {{USPL|89|174}} * 1968 – [[Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968]], {{USPL|90|448}} * 1974 – Housing and Urban Development Act, {{USBill|93|S.|3066|pipe=Pub.L. 93-383}} * 1976 – Housing and Urban Development Act, {{USBill|94|S.|3295|pipe=Pub.L. 94-375}} * 1986 – [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], {{USBill|99|H.R.|3838|pipe=Pub.L. 99-514}} [[Low-Income Housing Tax Credit]] * 1987 – [[Housing and Community Development Act of 1987]], {{USPL|100|242}} * 1987 – [[McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act|Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act]], {{USPL|100|77}} * 1989 – Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989, {{USPL|101|235}} * 1989 - [https://www.congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/2916/amendments?searchResultViewType=expanded H.R.2916 - Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, Independent Agencies Appropriations Act], 1990,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Armstrong|first=William L.|date=September 19, 1989|title=S.Amdt.771 to H.R.2916 - 101st Congress (1989-1990)|url=https://www.congress.gov/amendment/101st-congress/senate-amendment/771|access-date=June 18, 2020|website=www.congress.gov|archive-date=June 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619230428/https://www.congress.gov/amendment/101st-congress/senate-amendment/771|url-status=live}}</ref> * 1990 – Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, {{USPL|101|625}} * 1992 – [[Housing and Community Development Act of 1992]], {{USPL|102|550}} [[Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992]], {{usctc|12|46|pipe=U.S. Code: Title 12, Chapter 46}} * 2009 – [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]], abbreviated ARRA, {{USPL|111|5}} [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009#Housing|Repairing and modernizing public housing, including increasing the energy efficiency of units, $4 billion to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)]] ==See also== {{Portal|United States|Politics}} <!-- New links in alphabetical order please --> * [[Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing]] * [[Mortgage Discrimination]] * [[Moving to Opportunity]] * [[Regulatory Barriers Clearinghouse]] * [[Title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations]] * [[Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations]] * [[Data.gov]] * [[USAFacts]] * [[Housing discrimination in the United States]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Official website}} * [https://www.usaspending.gov/agency/department-of-housing-and-urban-development HUD] on [[Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006|USAspending.gov]] * [https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/housing-and-urban-development-department HUD] in the [[Federal Register]] {{Navboxes |list = {{United States Department of Housing and Urban Development}} {{United States federal executive departments}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:United States Department Of Housing And Urban Development}} [[Category:United States Department of Housing and Urban Development| ]] [[Category:1965 establishments in Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Public housing in the United States]] [[Category:Urban planning in the United States]] [[Category:United States federal executive departments|Housing]] [[Category:Real estate in the United States]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 1965]] [[Category:Housing ministries]] [[Category:Urban development ministries]]
