View source for United States Space Command

{{Organization
|OrganizationName=United States Space Command (USSPACECOM)
|OrganizationType=Executive Departments (Sub-organization)
|Mission=To conduct operations in, from, and to space to deter conflict, and if necessary, defeat aggression, deliver space combat power for the Joint/Combined force, and defend U.S. vital interests with allies and partners.
|ParentOrganization=Department of Defense
|CreationLegislation=Reestablished in 2019 by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
|Employees=1000
|OrganizationExecutive=Commander
|Services=Space surveillance; Space control; Space support; Force enhancement; Space force application
|HeadquartersLocation=38.83565, -104.69767
|HeadquartersAddress=Peterson Space Force Base, 250 Vandenberg St, Colorado Springs, CO 80914, USA
|Website=https://www.spacecom.mil
}}
{{Short description|Unified command of the U.S. Department of Defense}}
{{Distinguish|text = the [[United States Space Force]]}}'''United States Space Command''' ('''USSPACECOM''' or '''SPACECOM''') is a [[unified combatant command]] of the [[United States Department of Defense]], responsible for military operations in [[outer space]], specifically all operations 100 kilometers (62 miles) and greater above mean [[sea level]]. U.S. Space Command is responsible for the operational employment of space forces that are provided by the uniformed services of the [[Department of Defense (United States)|Department of Defense]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spacecom.mil/About/Frequently-Asked-Questions/ | title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=United States Space Command}}</ref>

Space Command was originally created in September 1985 to provide joint command and control for all military forces in outer space and coordinate with the other combatant commands. SPACECOM was disestablished in 2002, and its responsibilities and forces were merged into [[United States Strategic Command]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=peDiztWcNDgC&pg=PA109|title=Seeking New World Vistas: The Militarization of Space|last1=Handberg|first1=Roger|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2000|isbn=0-275-96295-4|pages=109}}</ref> It was reestablished on 29 August 2019, with a reemphasized focus on space as a warfighting domain.

The [[U.S. Space Force]] is the military service responsible for organizing, training, and equipping the majority of forces for U.S. Space Command, which also includes a smaller number of forces from each of the other branches of the [[U.S. Armed Forces]].

==Mission==
U.S. Space Command, working with allies and partners, plans, executes, and integrates military spacepower into multi-domain global operations in order to deter aggression, defend national interests, and when necessary, defeat threats.<ref name=
"Strategic Vision">{{Cite book |url=https://www.spacecom.mil/Portals/57/Images/Commander's%20Strategic%20Vision%2022%20Feb%2021.pdf |title=Commander's Strategic Vision |publisher=U.S. Space Command |date=January 2021}}</ref>

U.S. Space Command has four "space truths" that provide the foundation for its vision and operations:<ref name="Space Truths">{{Cite web |last=Strout |first=Nathan |date=2021-02-02 |title=We hold these Space Truths to be self-evident |url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/02/02/we-hold-these-space-truths-to-be-self-evident/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=C4ISRNet |language=en}}</ref>
*Space is a vital interest that is integral to the American way of life and national security.
*Space superiority enables the Joint Force to rapidly transition from competition to conflict and prevail in a global, all-domain fight.
*Space warfighters generate the combat power to win in space.
*Space provides the warfighter a combat advantage from the ultimate high ground to the last tactical mile.

==History==
===Early military space defense===
[[File:Program 437 Thor missile.jpg|thumb|[[Program 437]] [[PGM-17 Thor]] anti-satellite missiles]]
Early military space activities were predominantly focused on research and development, rather than operations, and split across the Air Force, Army, and Navy. In 1959, Admiral [[Arleigh Burke]] proposed the creation of the Defense Astronautical Agency to control all military space programs. This proposal was supported by the Army and Navy, but opposed by the Air Force.<ref name="Spires 2011">{{cite book|first1=David N. |last1=Spires |url=https://media.defense.gov/2011/Jan/25/2001330110/-1/-1/0/AFD-110125-038.pdf|title= Beyond Horizons: A Half-Century of Air Force Space Leadership |edition=Revised|isbn=978-1-58566-060-5 |date=2011-01-25|publisher=Air Force Space Command }}</ref>

Arguing that space defense was an extension of air defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff ultimately agreed with the Air Force, putting operational control of space defense forces under the unified [[Continental Air Defense Command]] and multinational [[North American Air Defense Command]] in 1960. In 1975, Continental Air Defense Command was inactivated and replaced with [[Aerospace Defense Command]] (ADCOM), a specified command led by the Air Force. In 1981, North American Air Defense Command changed its name to North American Aerospace Defense Command to better reflect its role in both air and space defense.<ref name="Spires 2011" />

===Strategic Defense Initiative and the first U.S. Space Command===

<div style="width:100%; overflow:auto">
{|class="wikitable"
|+First U.S. Space Command service components
!colspan=2|Name
!Headquarters
!Dates
|-
!colspan=4|Army service components
|-
|[[File:United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command Logo.svg|40px]]
|[[Army Space Planning Group]]<ref name="high ground">{{cite book |url=https://www.smdc.army.mil/Portals/38/Documents/Publications/History/Cmd%20History%20Book/Chap%204.pdf |title=Chapter 4: Renewed Interest in Space and The War in the Persian Gulf, 1985-1991: The Army Returns to Space }}</ref>
|
|1985–1986
|-
|[[File:United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command Logo.svg|40px]]
|[[Army Space Agency]]
|Colorado Springs, Colorado
|1986–1988
|-
|[[File:Army_Space_Command_SSI.jpg|40px]]
|[[Army Space Command]]
|
|1988–August 1992
|-
|[[File:United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command Logo.svg|40px]]
|[[Army Space and Strategic Defense Command]]
|[[Redstone Arsenal]], Alabama
|August 1992–1 October 1998
|-
|[[File:United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command Logo.svg|40px]]
|[[Army Space and Missile Defense Command]]
|[[Redstone Arsenal]], Alabama
|1 October 1997 – 1 October 2002
|-
!colspan=4|Naval service components
|-
|[[File:Naval Space Command (US Navy) insignia 1983.png|40px]]
|[[Naval Space Command]]
|[[Dahlgren, Virginia]]
|1 October 1985 – July 2002
|-
|[[File:Naval Netwarcom logo.gif|40px]]
|[[Naval Network Warfare Command]]
|[[Norfolk, Virginia]]
|July 2002 – 1 October 2002
|-
!colspan=4|Air Force service components
|-
|[[File:Air Force Space Command.png|40px]]
|[[Air Force Space Command]]
|[[Peterson Space Force Base]], Colorado
|23 September 1985 – 23 March 1992
|-
|[[File:Fourteenth Air Force - Emblem.png|40px]]
|[[Fourteenth Air Force]]
|[[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], California
|23 March 1992 – 1 October 2002
|}</div>
[[File:Brilliant Pebbles emerging.jpg|thumb|[[Strategic Defense Initiative]] [[Brilliant Pebbles]] were intended to intercept a ballistic missile in space]]
The Reagan Administration's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] brought a new focus on space. In 1983, General [[James V. Hartinger]], the commander of [[Aerospace Defense Command]] and [[Air Force Space Command]], proposed movement towards a unified space command. The Air Force supported a unified command, which would be dominated by the aerospace service, however, the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were satisfied with the current arrangement. However, the White House supported the Air Force's position that a unified command should be created, and on 20 November 1984, President [[Ronald Reagan]] approved its establishment. U.S. Space Command's missions would include integrating tactical warning and space operations, including control of space, direction of space support activities, and planning for ballistic missile defense. U.S. Space Command would also replace Aerospace Defense Command as the supporting U.S. command to North American Aerospace Defense Command, sharing the same commander.<ref name="Command Plan">{{cite web |url=https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/History/Institutional/Command_Plan.pdf |title= History of the Unified Command Plan|date= 2013|website= www.jcs.mil|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref>

On 23 September 1985, U.S. Space Command was activated as a functional combatant command at [[Peterson Air Force Base]], Colorado Springs and Aerospace Defense Command was inactivated on 19 December 1986. In February 1988, U.S. Space Command was assigned the ballistic missile defense mission in preparation for assuming operational command of the Strategic Defense Initiative. However, the end of the Cold War significantly reduced the investment in SDI.<ref name="Command Plan" />

In 1991, the Joint Chiefs of Staff debated establishing U.S. Strategic Command assume responsibility for nuclear deterrence, missile defense, and space. U.S. Space Command would have been made a sub-unified command under the U.S. Strategic Command. However, the decisive role played by U.S. Space Command in the [[Persian Gulf War]] prevented its absorption into U.S. Strategic Command, providing tactical missile warning, GPS, and other space data to forces in theater.<ref name="Command Plan" />

[[File:Gerichteter-laser-dod-zeichnung 1-960x640.jpg|thumb|Concept for a space-based [[directed energy weapon]] from ''United States Space Command: A Vision for 2020'']]

In 1997, General [[Howell M. Estes III]] proposed designating space as a geographic area of responsibility, transitioning U.S. Space Command from a functional to a geographic command. This effort was opposed by the [[Joint Staff]], the [[United States Department of State|State Department]], and the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] and did not occur. However, there was growing discussion about giving U.S. Space Command the mission for information support and renaming it to United States Space and Information Command. While U.S. Space Command was not renamed, it did assume responsibility for information, or cyberspace, operations.<ref name="Command Plan"/> 

Following the [[September 11 attacks]], there was a growing focus on homeland defense and counter-terrorism at the expense of space. The Defense Department was intent on establishing [[United States Northern Command]], merging U.S. Space Command and U.S. Strategic Command in 2002. On 1 October 2002, the first U.S. Space Command was shut down.<ref name="Shugart 2018">{{cite web|last=Shugart|first=Gary|url=http://purview.dodlive.mil/2018/10/01/reestablishing-u-s-space-command/|title=Re-establishing U.S. Space Command|website=purview.dodlive.mil|date=1 October 2018|access-date=2019-09-03|archive-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102000451/http://purview.dodlive.mil/2018/10/01/reestablishing-u-s-space-command/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Space in U.S. Strategic Command===
[[File:SM-3 ignition for a satellite destruction mission.jpg|thumb|A [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3|SM-3]] launches from the {{USS|Lake Erie|CG-70|6}} as part of [[Operation Burnt Frost]]]]

On 1 October 2002, as U.S. Space Command inactivated, a new [[U.S. Strategic Command]] at [[Offutt Air Force Base]], Nebraska, stood up. Within STRATCOM, the responsibilities for space operations were initially managed by the [[Joint Functional Component Command for Space and Global Strike]], led by the commander of the Air Force's [[Eighth Air Force]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afgsc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1332530/usstratcom-reaches-first-milestone-in-command-restructure/ | title=USSTRATCOM reaches first milestone in command restructure | date=3 October 2017 }}</ref> However, in 2006, space regained its own functional component under U.S. Strategic Command, under the command of the [[Fourteenth Air Force]] commanded.<ref name="Shugart 2018" />

Following the inactivation of U.S. Space Command in 2002, Russia and China began developing sophisticated on-orbit capabilities and an array of counter-space weapons. In particular, China conducted the [[2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test]], destroying its [[Fengyun]] spacecraft, which, according to [[NASA]],  created 2,841 high-velocity debris items, a larger amount of dangerous [[space debris|space junk]] than any other space event in history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooney |first=Michael |date=2010-07-28 |title=NASA identifies Top Ten space junk missions |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2231453/nasa-identifies-top-ten-space-junk-missions.html |access-date=2023-06-16 |newspaper=Network World |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2096883/us-will-not-let-china-russia-deny-its-space-superiority-dod-officials-say/|title=U.S. Will Not Let China, Russia Deny Its Space Superiority, DOD Officials Say|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE}}</ref>  In 2008, U.S. Strategic Command conducted [[Operation Burnt Frost]] to destroy a non-functioning [[National Reconnaissance Office]] satellite, before its toxic hydrazine tank could reenter and cause potential harm to human safety, with a [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3]] launched from the {{USS|Lake Erie|CG-70|6}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JSpOC intergral to Burnt Frost success |url=https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/340906/jspoc-intergral-to-burnt-frost-success/  |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Vandenberg Space Force Base |date=29 February 2008 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Burnt Frost: The Power of Social Networks {{!}} APPEL Knowledge Services |url=https://appel.nasa.gov/2008/06/01/operation-burnt-frost-the-power-of-social-networks/ |date=2008-06-01 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=appel.nasa.gov}}</ref>

This construct lasted until 2017, when the commander of Air Force Space Command became the Joint Force Space Component Commander, replacing it.<ref name="Shugart 2018" />

===U.S. Space Command reestablished===
[[File:The Establishment of the U.S. Space Command (48644494462).jpg|thumb|Left to right: USSPACECOM Commander General [[John W. Raymond|John Raymond]], Secretary of Defense [[Mark Esper]], President [[Donald Trump]] and Vice President [[Mike Pence]] in the [[White House Rose Garden]] for the 2019 reestablishment signing ceremony]]

The [[John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019|2019 National Defense Authorization Act]], which was signed into law in 2018, directed the re-establishment<ref name="sn">{{cite news |last1=Erwin |first1=Sandra |title=Trump nominates Raymond to be commander of U.S. Space Command |url=https://spacenews.com/trump-nominates-raymond-as-the-next-commander-of-u-s-space-command/ |access-date=26 March 2019 |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=26 March 2019}}</ref> of U.S. Space Command as a sub-unified combatant command under [[United States Strategic Command|U.S. Strategic Command]]; however, in December 2018, the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] directed that U.S. Space Command instead be a newly established, full unified combatant command, with full responsibilities for space.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Will|date=17 August 2018|title=Trump Signs National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019|work=|publisher=American Institute of Physics|url=https://www.aip.org/fyi/2018/trump-signs-national-defense-authorization-act-fiscal-year-2019|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Trump |first=Donald J.|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/text-memorandum-president-secretary-defense-regarding-establishment-united-states-space-command/|title=Text of a Memorandum from the President to the Secretary of Defense Regarding the Establishment of the United States Space Command|date=18 December 2018 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref>

On March 26, 2019, [[U.S. Air Force]] General [[John W. Raymond|John Raymond]]<ref>'''Note:''' General Raymond later transferred from the Air Force to the Space Force on December 20, 2019.</ref> was nominated to be the commander of the second establishment of USSPACECOM, pending [[United States Senate|Senate]] approval.<ref name="sn"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/03/26/air-force-general-tapped-head-us-space-command.html|title=Air Force General Tapped to Head US Space Command|work=[[Military.com]]|first=Oriana|last=Pawlyk|date=26 March 2019|access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref> In 2019 the [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]] released the list of finalists for the location of Headquarters Space Command: [[Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station]], [[Schriever Air Force Base]], [[Peterson Air Force Base]], [[Buckley Air Force Base]], [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], and [[Redstone Arsenal]].<ref name="Browne">{{cite news|last=Browne|first=Ryan|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/05/politics/trump-space-command-location/index.html |title=Trump's Space Command to be based in Colorado, Alabama or California|publisher=CNN|date=5 April 2019|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> U.S. Space Command was officially reestablished as a geographic combatant command on August 29, 2019, during a ceremony at the [[White House]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Mehta|first=Aaron |url=https://www.defensenews.com/space/2019/08/20/space-command-to-launch-aug-29/|title=Space Command to launch Aug. 29|website=Defense News|date=20 August 2019|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/usspacecom-officially-re-established-with-a-focus-on-defending-satellites-and-deterring-conflict/|title=Trump formally reestablishes U.S. Space Command at White House ceremony|date=29 August 2019|website=SpaceNews}}</ref> The former [[Joint Force Space Component Commander]] was dissolved and folded into Space Command. Following the creation of the [[United States Space Force]] in December 2019, the [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]] widened its search for a location of Space Command's permanent headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs |date=2020-05-15 |title=Department of the Air Force expands potential basing locations for US Space Command Headqu |url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2188763/department-of-the-air-force-expands-potential-basing-locations-for-u-s-space-co/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=United States Space Force |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:USSPACECOM Joint Operations Center (7804715).jpg|thumb|The U.S. Space Command Joint Operations Center]]
USSPACECOM has two subordinate commands: Combined Force Space Component Command (CFSCC), and Joint Task Force Space Defense (JTF-SD).<ref name =2newSubCommands/> CFSCC plans, integrates, conducts, and assesses global space operations in order to deliver combat relevant space capabilities to Combatant Commanders, Coalition partners, the Joint Force, and the Nation. JTF-SD conducts, in unified action with mission partners, space superiority operations to deter aggression, defend U.S. and allied interests, and defeat adversaries throughout the [[continuum of conflict]].<ref name="factsheet">{{cite web|url=https://www.spacecom.mil/Portals/32/USSPACECOM%20Fact%20Sheet%2018Jun20.pdf?ver=2020-06-18-155219-363|title=United States Space Command Organizational Fact Sheet|publisher=United States Space Command|date=29 August 2019|access-date=2021-02-02}}</ref><ref name = 2newSubCommands >{{Cite web|last=Hitchens |first=Theresa |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/raymonds-first-spacecom-move-two-new-subcommands-and-their-leaders/ |title=Raymond's First SPACECOM Move: Two New Subcommands and Their Leaders|website=Breaking Defense|date=30 August 2019|access-date=2019-09-08}}</ref>

In August 2020, In the meeting of the National Space Council, acting Director of National Intelligence announced <nowiki>''in case of an attack on the U.S. satellites the operational control of intelligence community assets will be in the ambit of the military''</nowiki>, resulting in the [[National Reconnaissance Office]] being operationally subordinated to the commander of U.S. Space Command in matters of space defense.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Erwin|first=Sandra|date=2019-10-23|title=Five things to know about U.S. Space Command|url=https://spacenews.com/five-things-to-know-about-u-s-space-command/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:45 OG, Det 3 Prepare for Return to Human Spaceflight (6223667).jpeg|thumb|Air Force [[pararescue]] teams practice recovery of a space capsule]]

[[File:TEST OF NATIONS MIDCOURSE DEFENSE SYSTEM CONDUCTED (5208709).jpg|thumb|Launch of a U.S. Army [[Ground-Based Interceptor]]]]
On 24 August 2021, two years after its establishment, U.S. Space Command announced that it had reached [[initial operating capability]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2021/8/24/spacecom-achieves-initial-operational-capability|title=SPACE SYMPOSIUM NEWS: Spacecom Achieves Initial Operational Capability|date=24 August 2021 |magazine=[[National Defense (magazine)|National Defense]] |last=Harper |first=Jon}}</ref> Achieving [[full operating capability]], according to Lieutenant General [[John E. Shaw]], deputy commander of U.S. Space Command, is dependent on the selection of the combatant command's permanent headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airforcemag.com/space-commands-goal-of-uniting-all-us-military-space-functional/|title=Space Command's Goal of Uniting All US Military Space Functions|date=10 December 2021|website=[[Air Force Magazine]]|last=Miller|first=Amanda}}</ref>

U.S. Space Command is planning to reorganize its subordinate commands, possibly reactivating the [[Joint Force Space Component Command]] (JFSCC), the precursor organization of the combatant command. JFSSC is planned to be the combatant command's "primary warfighting command," formed by combining CFSCC and JTF–SD. Space Force Lieutenant General [[Stephen Whiting]], commander of SpOC, is planned to lead the new organization.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2021/11/exclusive-spacecom-reorganizing-amidst-theater-component-command-debate/|title=Exclusive: SPACECOM reorganizing amidst theater component command debate|date=15 November 2021|website=Breaking Defense|last1=Hitchens|first1=Teresa}}</ref>

In 2023, U.S. Space Command regained its responsibility for missile defense from U.S. Strategic Command and will be taking over the [[Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hitchens |first1=Theresa |date=2023-05-31 |title=SPACECOM takes over missile defense ops from Strategic Command |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2023/05/spacecom-takes-over-missile-defense-ops-from-strategic-command/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Headquarters====
In January 2021, it was announced that [[Redstone Arsenal]] in Huntsville, Alabama was the preferred final location for U.S. Space Command. The other locations in contention were [[Kirtland Air Force Base]], [[Offutt Air Force Base]], [[Joint Base San Antonio]], its interim location at [[Peterson Space Force Base]], and [[Patrick Space Force Base]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Robinson-Smith|first1=Will|date=2021-01-13|title=Space Command headquarters coming to Huntsville|url=https://www.waaytv.com/templates/AMP?contentID=573586051|access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.waaytv.com}}</ref> Despite [[Peterson Space Force Base]] in Colorado, being both the original and interim location of Space Command headquarters, Redstone Arsenal was selected, reportedly due to political pressure directly from then-president Donald Trump.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Koren|first=Marina|date=2021-01-26|title=What Happens to the Space Force Now? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/01/space-force-trump-biden/617812/|access-date=2021-02-03|magazine=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref> A formal review from the [[DoD IG]] was initiated to ensure the process that selected Huntsville as the preferred location was impartial and factually sound. Former [[Lloyd Austin|Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin]] came out with his public support and backed the Department of the Air Force's decision process which resulted in the selection of Redstone Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=2021-02-22 |title=Pentagon chief Austin stands behind Air Force amid investigation of Space Command basing decision |url=https://spacenews.com/pentagon-chief-austin-stands-behind-air-force-amid-investigation-of-space-command-basing-decision/ |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> In May 2022, the review found that the selection of Redstone Arsenal as the permanent site was reasonable and justified.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roop |first=Lee |date=2022-05-10 |title=Air Force backs plan to move Space Command HQ to Alabama |url=https://www.al.com/news/huntsville/2022/05/air-force-review-backs-plan-to-move-space-command-hq-to-alabama.html |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=al |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Insinna |first=Valerie |date=2022-05-10 |title=OIG finds Huntsville choice for SPACECOM HQ justified |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2022/05/exclusive-oig-finds-huntsville-choice-for-spacecom-hq-justified/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2023, the move to Huntsville was cancelled. Gen. James Dickinson,  Commander of the Space Command, argued that moving the headquarters to Alabama from its current location in Colorado Springs would hurt military readiness. Republicans have accused the Biden administration of acting out of spite due to a partisan standoff over the Pentagon's abortion access policies at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Demirjian |first1=Karoun |title=Biden Cancels Space Command Move to Alabama Amid Tuberville Feud |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/us/biden-space-force-alabama-colorado.html |work=New York Times |date=July 31, 2023}}</ref>

==Organization==

<div style="width:100%; overflow:auto">
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2|Name
!Function
!Headquarters
|-
!colspan=4|Service components<ref name="Warfighting Units">{{Cite web |title=Warfighting Units |url=https://www.spacecom.mil/About/Warfighting-Units/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=United States Space Command}}</ref> 
|-
|[[File:United States Space Forces – Space emblem.png|40px]]<br>
|[[United States Space Forces – Space]]<br><small>Combined Joint Force Space Component Commander (CJFSCC)</small>
|Plans, integrates, conducts, and assesses global space operations in order to deliver combat relevant space effects, in, from, and to space
|[[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], California
|-
|[[File:United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command Logo.svg|40px]]
|[[Army Space and Missile Defense Command]]
|Develop and provide Army space, missile defense, and high altitude forces
|[[Redstone Arsenal]], Alabama
|-
|[[File:Logo of the United States Marine Forces Space Command.png|40px]]
|[[Marine Corps Forces Space Command]]
|Provides space operational support to the [[Fleet Marine Force]]
|[[Peterson Space Force Base]], Colorado
|-
|[[File:Emblem of the U.S. Navy Space Command.png|40px]]
|[[Navy Space Command]]
|Responsible for Navy information network operations, offensive and defensive cyberspace operations, space operations and signals intelligence
|[[Fort Meade]], Maryland
|-
|[[File:ConrAfnorthAfspace.jpg|40px]]
|[[Air Forces Space]]
|Ensures the aerospace control and air defense of the continental United States, U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
|[[Tyndall Air Force Base]], Florida
|-
!colspan=4|Functional components<ref name="Warfighting Units"/>
|-
|[[File:Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense emblem (2).png|40px]]
|[[Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense]]
|Synchronizes global missile defense planning
|[[Schriever Space Force Base]], Colorado
|-
|[[File:Seal of the Combined Space Operations Center.png|40px]]
|[[Combined Space Operations Center]] (subordinated to [[United States Space Forces – Space|SPACEFOR–SPACE]])
|Execute operational command and control of space forces to achieve theater and global objectives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Combined Space Operations Center / Space Delta 5 Fact Sheet |url=https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/Portals/18/documents/CFSCC/CSpOC_DEL5_FactSheet_6Aug21.pdf?ver=z3kgshJ87XDdNvYA0Ak61A%3D%3D |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Vandenberg Space Force Base}}</ref>
|[[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], California
|-
|[[File:Seal of the Joint Navigation Warfare Center.png|40px]]
|[[Joint Navigation Warfare Center]] (subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)
|Enable positioning, navigation and timing superiority<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirtland Air Force Base > Units > Joint Navigation Warfare Center |url=https://www.kirtland.af.mil/Units/Joint-Navigation-Warfare-Center/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.kirtland.af.mil}}</ref>
|[[Kirtland Air Force Base]], New Mexico
|-
|[[File:Seal of the Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center.png|40px]]
|[[Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center]] (subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)
|Conduct integrated mission management to optimize the overhead persistent infrared enterprise<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2020 |title=Joint Overhead Persistent-Infrared Center (JOPC) |url=https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/Portals/18/documents/CFSCC/JOPC%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf?ver=2020-08-03-192242-307 |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Vandenberg Space Force Base}}</ref>
|[[Buckley Space Force Base]], Colorado
|-
|[[File:Seal of the Missile Warning Center.png|40px]]
|[[Missile Warning Center]] (subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)
|Delivers global strategic and theater missile warning and nuclear detonation detection<ref>{{Cite web |title=Missile Warning Center Fact Sheet |url=https://www.vandenberg.spaceforce.mil/Portals/18/documents/CFSCC/MWC%20Fact%20Sheet-4AUG20.pdf?ver=2020-08-05-181856-107 |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Vandenberg Space Force Base}}</ref>
|[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station]], Colorado
|-
|[[File:Seal of the National Space Defense Center.svg|40px]]
|[[National Space Defense Center]] (subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)
|Coordinates military, intelligence, civil, and commercial space for unified space defense operations<ref name="NSDC">{{Cite web |title=National Space Defense Center |url=https://www.jtf-spacedefense.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/3071003/national-space-defense-center/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jtf-spacedefense.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F3071003%2Fnational-space-defense-center%2F |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Joint Task Force-Space Defense |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[Schriever Space Force Base]], Colorado
|-
|[[File:Joint-forces-headquarters-cyber air force.png|40px]]
|[[Joint Force Headquarters Cyber - Air Force]]
|Cyber support from [[U.S. Cyber Command]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pomerleau |first=Mark |date=2022-04-08 |title=Cyber Command's force is growing, in part, to support space |url=https://fedscoop.com/cyber-commands-force-is-growing-in-part-to-support-space/ |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=FedScoop |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[Joint Base San Antonio]], Texas
|}</div>

Previous, now-deactivated functional components included the [[Combined Force Space Component Command]] at [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], California, and the [[Joint Task Force–Space Defense]] at [[Schriever Space Force Base]], Colorado. Both were disestablished with the creation of U.S. Space Forces – Space to take on SpOC's Space Force responsibilities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/space-force-new-component-spacecom/ | title=USSF Creates New Component for SPACECOM | date=12 December 2023 }}</ref>

===Relationship with the United States Space Force===
United States Space Command is the [[unified combatant command]] for all military space operations, while the [[United States Space Force]] is the military service responsible for organizing, training, and equipping the majority of forces for U.S. Space Command. Space Command's Space Force service component is [[Space Operations Command]], providing the majority of space forces.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Space Operations Command |url=https://www.spoc.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/About-Space-Operations-Command |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.spoc.spaceforce.mil}}</ref> U.S. Space Command also consists of smaller amounts of forces from the [[United States Army]], [[United States Marine Corps]], [[United States Navy]], and [[United States Air Force]]. This mirrors the relationship between the Space Force's predecessor, [[Air Force Space Command]], and U.S. Space Command (and between 2002 and 2019, [[United States Strategic Command]]).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kirby|first=Lynn|date=2020-10-21|title=Space Force activates first field command|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2390148/space-force-activates-first-field-command|access-date=2021-02-03|website=United States Space Force|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Emblem and symbols==
{{Gallery
| title        = Seals of United States Space Command and its predecessors
| align        = center
| width=140
| captionstyle = text-align:center;
|File:United States Space Command emblem 2019.svg|U.S. Space Command (2019–present)
|File:Joint Force Space Component Command.jpg|Joint Force Space Component Commander (2017–2019)
|File:JFCC SPACE Patch Final.JPG|Joint Functional Component Command for Space (2006–2017)
|File:United States Space Command emblem.gif|U.S. Space Command (1985–2002)
}}
===U.S. Space Command seal (2019)===
Shield: The [[bald eagle]], a traditional symbol of American strength and vigilance, carries an olive branch in his right talon, symbolizing the worldwide goal of peaceful operations in space. In his left talon is a cluster of thirteen arrows with the silver delta as arrowheads, indicative of the strength and power necessary to protect our citizens and allies. The [[Space Force Delta|delta symbol]] is historically associated with space and represents change and innovation, and the cluster of deltoids thrusting upward into space signifies our ever growing aspirations in space beyond earth’s orbit. The blue globe with silver land masses, as viewed from space, signifies the origin and control point for all space assets and represents the global operations of the command in mission areas such as surveillance, navigation, communications and missile warning. The silver and white Polaris signifies our constant presence and vigilance in space now and in the future. Encompassing the globe are two white elliptical orbits representing the unity of U.S. Space Command with our joint and combined partners, and which intersect over the United States, the terrestrial heart of the command. An arc of four silver stars above the eagle symbolizes the four-star combatant commander of U.S. Space Command. The black background represents the infinity of space.

Seal: The coat of arms as blazoned in full color on a black disk, bearing the night sky, enclosed by a silver border, and inscribed "UNITED STATES" above and "SPACE COMMAND" below, all silver.

===Army element shoulder sleeve and distinctive unit insignia===
{{Gallery
| title        = Army element insignia
| align        = center
| width=140
| captionstyle = text-align:center;
|File:USSPACECOM-Army Element SSI.png|Shoulder Sleeve Insignia
|File:U.S. Space Command DUI.png|Distinctive Unit Insignia
}}
====Shoulder sleeve insignia====
Black and gold together symbolize the United States Army. Black signifies the vast infinity of space and gold denotes high standards for excellence. The demi-globe represents the earth as seen from space and symbolizes the global operations of the command. The crossed orbital rings denote the unity of United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) with joint and combined partners. The rings intersect over the United States, identifying the terrestrial heart of the command. The gold pheon represents the combat power of Army Space. Four stars represent the four-star combatant commander of USSPACECOM. The Polaris star signifies constant presence and vigilance in space now and into the future.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shoulder Sleeve Insignia |url=https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=18893&CategoryId=3003&grp=14&menu=Uniformed%20Services&from=search |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=tioh.army.mil}}</ref>

====Distinctive unit insignia====
Black and gold together symbolize the United States Army. Black signifies the vast infinity of space and gold denotes high standards for excellence. The demi-globe represents the earth as seen from space and symbolizes the global operations of the command. The crossed orbital rings denote the unity of United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) with joint and combined partners. The gold pheon represents the combat power of Army Space. Four stars represent the four-star combatant commander of USSPACECOM. The Polaris star signifies constant presence and vigilance in space now and into the future. The motto translates to, "MUD TO SPACE."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=18927&CategoryId=3003&grp=14&menu=Uniformed%20Services&from=search | title=Distinctive Unit Insignia }}</ref>

==Locations==
Locations in the [[contiguous United States]].
{{Location map+ | USA
| width = 600
| float = center
| caption= U.S. Space Command locations.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
[[File:Location dot black.svg|8px]] U.S. Space Force Base<br>
{{Col-break}}
[[File:Location dot blue.svg|8px]] U.S. Air Force Base<br>
{{Col-break}}
[[File:Location dot green.svg|8px]] U.S. Army Base<br>
{{Col-end}}
| relief = 1
| alt = 
| places =
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Buckley Space Force Base|Buckley]]'''
| position   = top
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 39
|lat_min = 42
|lat_sec = 06
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 45
|lon_sec = 06
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station|Cheyenne Mountain]]'''
| position   = bottom
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 44
|lat_sec = 37
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 50
|lon_sec = 48
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Kirtland Air Force Base|Kirtland]]'''
| position   = top
|mark = Location dot blue.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 35
|lat_min = 02
|lat_sec = 25
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 106
|lon_min = 36
|lon_sec = 33
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Fort Meade|Meade]]'''
| position   = top
|mark = Location dot green.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 39
|lat_min = 06
|lat_sec = 25
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 76
|lon_min = 44
|lon_sec = 35
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Peterson Space Force Base|Peterson]]'''
|position = left
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 49
|lat_sec = 25
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 41
|lon_sec = 42
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Redstone Arsenal|Redstone]]'''
| position   = top
|mark = Location dot green.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 34
|lat_min = 41
|lat_sec = 03
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 86
|lon_min = 39
|lon_sec = 15
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Schriever Space Force Base|Schriever]]'''
|position = right
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 38
|lat_min = 48
|lat_sec = 12
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 104
|lon_min = 31
|lon_sec = 32
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Tyndall Air Force Base|Tyndall]]'''
|position = right
|mark = Location dot blue.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 30
|lat_min = 4
|lat_sec = 43
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 85
|lon_min = 34
|lon_sec = 35
|lon_dir = W
}}
{{Location map~ | USA
|label = '''[[Vandenberg Space Force Base|Vandenberg]]'''
|position = bottom
|mark = Location dot black.svg
|label_size = 75
|lat_deg = 34
|lat_min = 43
|lat_sec = 57
|lat_dir = N
|lon_deg = 120
|lon_min = 34
|lon_sec = 05
|lon_dir = W
}}
}}

<div style="width:100%; overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+U.S. Space Command locations
!Name
!Location
!State
!Major USSPACECOM unit emblem
!Major USSPACECOM unit
!Other USSPACECOM units
|- 
|[[Buckley Space Force Base]]&nbsp;
|[[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Seal of the Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center.png|60px|center]]
|[[Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center]]
|
|-
|[[Kirtland Air Force Base]]&nbsp;
|[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]
|[[New Mexico]]
|[[File:Seal of the Joint Navigation Warfare Center.png|60px|center]]
|[[Joint Navigation Warfare Center]]
|
|-
|[[Fort Meade]]
|[[Fort Meade, Maryland|Fort Meade]]
|[[Maryland]]
|[[File:Emblem of the U.S. Navy Space Command.png|60px|center]]
|[[Navy Space Command]]
|
|-
|[[Peterson Space Force Base]]
|[[Colorado Springs]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:United States Space Command emblem 2019.svg|60px|center]]
|United States Space Command
|[[Marine Corps Forces Space Command]]
|-
|[[Redstone Arsenal]]
|[[Huntsville]]
|[[Alabama]]
|[[File:United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command Logo.svg|60px|center]]
|[[Army Space and Missile Defense Command]]
|
|-
|[[Schriever Space Force Base]]
|[[Colorado Springs]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Seal of the National Space Defense Center.svg|60px|center]]
|[[National Space Defense Center]]
|
|-
|[[Tyndall Air Force Base]]
|[[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]
|[[Florida]]
|[[File:ConrAfnorthAfspace.jpg|60px|center]]
|[[Air Forces Space]]
| 
|-
|[[Vandenberg Space Force Base]]
|[[Lompoc]]
|[[California]]
|[[File:United States Space Forces – Space emblem.png|60px|center]]
|[[United States Space Forces – Space]]
|[[Combined Space Operations Center]] 
|-
|[[Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station]]
|[[Cheyenne Mountain]]
|[[Colorado]]
|[[File:Seal of the Missile Warning Center.png|60px|center]]
|[[Missile Warning Center]]
|
|-
|}
</div>

==List of commanders==
{{Main|Leadership of the United States Space Command}}
'''Note:''' The numeric order of the commanders were reset due to the second establishment being considered a different command than the first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=2| Commander
! colspan=3| Term
! rowspan=2| Service branch
|-
! Portrait
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
! Term length
|-
! colspan=7 | Commander–in–Chief, United States Space Command
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 1
| military_rank     = General
| image             = General Robert Herres, military portrait, 1984.JPEG
| officeholder      = [[Robert T. Herres]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 23 September 1985<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mehuron|first=Tamara A.|date=August 2009|title=2009 Space Almanac: The US military space operation in facts and figures.|url=http://www.space-library.com/0908AFM_SpaceAlmanac.pdf|journal=Air Force Magazine|volume=|pages=|via=Space-Library.com}}</ref>
| term_end          = 6 February 1987
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1985|9|23|1987|2|6}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 2
| military_rank     = General
| image             = John L Piotrowski.jpg
| officeholder      = [[John L. Piotrowski]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 6 February 1987
| term_end          = 30 March 1990<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/PDF/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents%2F2000%2FMay%202000%2F0500facts_figs.pdf |title="USAF Almanac: Facts and Figures" |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=February 2000 |work=Air Force Magazine |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/105974/general-john-l-piotrowski/ |title="General John L. Piotrowski" |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=March 2021 |work=United States Air Force Historical Support Division |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1987|2|6|1990|5|1}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 3
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Donald Kutyna 3.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Donald J. Kutyna]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 1 April 1990
| term_end          = 30 June 1992
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1990|5|1|1992|6|30}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 4
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Chuck Horner (color).jpg
| officeholder      = [[Chuck Horner]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 30 June 1992
| term_end          = 13 September 1994
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1992|6|30|1994|9|13}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 5
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Joseph ashy.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Joseph W. Ashy]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 13 September 1994
| term_end          = 26 August 1996
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1994|9|13|1996|8|26}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 6
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Howell M Estes III.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Howell M. Estes III]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 26 August 1996
| term_end          = 14 August 1998
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1996|8|26|1998|8|14}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 7
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Richard Myers official portrait 2.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Richard B. Myers]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 14 August 1998
| term_end          = 22 February 2000
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1998|8|14|2000|2|22}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 8
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Eberhart re.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Ralph Eberhart]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 22 February 2000
| term_end          = 1 October 2002
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|2000|2|22|2002|10|1}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:U.S. Air Force service mark.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]
}}
|-
! colspan=7 | Commander, United States Space Command
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 1
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Gen John W. Raymond (2).jpg
| officeholder      = [[John W. Raymond]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 29 August 2019
| term_end          = 20 August 2020
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|2019|8|29|2020|8|20}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:United States Space Force emblem.png|75px]]<br>[[United States Space Force|U.S. Space Force]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 2
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Gen James H. Dickinson (2).jpg
| officeholder      = [[James H. Dickinson]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 20 August 2020
| term_end          = 10 January 2024
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|2020|8|20|2024|1|10}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order             = 3
| military_rank     = General
| image             = Gen Stephen N. Whiting.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Stephen Whiting]] 
| born_year         = 
| died_year         = 
| term_start        = 10 January 2024
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|2024|1|10}}
| defence_branch    = [[File:United States Space Force emblem.png|75px]]<br>[[United States Space Force|U.S. Space Force]]
}}
|}

==See also==
*[[French Space Command]]
*[[United Kingdom Space Command]]

== References ==
{{Commons category}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |author = General Accounting Office |author-link = General Accounting Office |url = https://www.gao.gov/assets/80/78013.pdf |title = Defence Reorganization: DOD's Efforts to Streamline the Space Command |date = November 1990 }}
{{refend}}

{{-}}
{{United States Space Command}}
{{Unified Combatant Command of the United States armed forces}}
{{DOD agencies navbox}}
{{US military navbox}}
{{Space forces}}
{{United States Missile Defense}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Unified combatant commands of the U.S. Department of Defense|Space Command]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1985]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2019]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Colorado]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Colorado Springs, Colorado]]
[[Category:Space units and formations of the United States]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Military space program of the United States]]