View source for Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security

{{Short description|Position in the US Department of Defense}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = United States Under Secretary
| body = Defense for Intelligence and Security
| flag = Flag of the U.S. Under Secretary of Defense.svg
| flagsize = 180
| flagcaption = Flag of an Under Secretary of Defense
| insignia = USD Intel.png
| insigniasize = 120
| insigniacaption = Seal of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security
| image = Milancy Harris, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense.jpg
| incumbent = Milancy Harris
| incumbentsince = March 1, 2024
| acting = yes
| department = [[United States Department of Defense]]<br/>[[Office of the Secretary of Defense]]
| style = Madam Under Secretary
| reports_to = {{plainlist|
* [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]]
* [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]]
 }}
| nominator = Secretary of Defense
| appointer = [[President of the United States]]
| appointer_qualified = with [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[advice and consent]]
| termlenght = At the pleasure of the President
| formation = 11 March 2003
| first = [[Stephen Cambone]]
| succession = Fourth in [[United States Secretary of Defense#Succession|Secretary of Defense succession]]
| deputy = Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security
| salary = [[Executive Schedule|Executive Schedule, Level III]]
| website = {{url|https://ousdi.defense.gov/}}
}}

The '''under secretary of defense for intelligence and security''' or '''USD(I&S)''' is a high-ranking civilian position in the [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]] (OSD) within the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] (DoD) that acts as the principal civilian advisor and deputy to the [[United States Secretary of Defense|secretary of defense]] (SecDef) and [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|deputy secretary of defense]] (DepSecDef) on matters relating to [[military intelligence]] and [[Military security|security]]. The under secretary is appointed as a civilian by the [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Advice_and_consent#United_States|confirmed]] by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] to serve at the pleasure of the president.<ref name="b">{{cite web | title=getdoc.cgi | url=http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ314.107.pdf | access-date= 22 September 2007 }}</ref>

In 2019, Congress renamed the office from '''''Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence''''' ('''USD(I)''') to ''Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security'' as part of the [[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020|FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-21-295.pdf#page=6 |title=Defense Intelligence and Security Review |website=gao.gov |publisher=[[Government Accountability Office|GAO]] |access-date=May 25, 2021}}</ref><ref name=CRS1>{{cite report |author=Michael E. DeVine |date=December 30, 2020 |title=Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10523 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |page=1 |access-date=July 25, 2021}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (OUSD(I&S)) is the principal staff element of the DoD for all matters regarding intelligence, counterintelligence, security, sensitive activities, and other intelligence- and security-related matters. As the SecDef's representative, the USD(I&S) exercises oversight over, among others, the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA), the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] (NGA), the [[National Reconnaissance Office]] (NRO), the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA), and the [[Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency]] (DCSA). In addition, the under secretary is also dual-hatted, serving as the '''Director of Defense Intelligence''' (DDI) under the Office of the [[Director of National Intelligence]] (ODNI);<ref name="a">[http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20070524_release.pdf "Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence to be Dual-hatted as Director of Defense Intelligence," ''DNI News Release'', May 24, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519003222/http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20070524_release.pdf |date=19 May 2011 }}</ref> in this capacity, the under secretary is the principal defense intelligence and security advisor to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).<ref name=CRS1/> With the rank of under secretary, the USD(I&S) is a [[Senior Executive Service (United States)|Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service]] (DISES) Level III position within the [[Executive Schedule]]. Since January 2024, the annual rate of pay for Level III is $204,000.

== History ==
The position of ''Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence'' was originally created by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 in the aftermath of the [[September 11 terror attacks]] to better coordinate Department-wide intelligence and security activities. It also became second in the line of succession for the secretary of defense, after the deputy secretary of defense, following an [[Executive order (United States)|executive order]] by President George W. Bush on 22 December 2005. When it was created, the legislation described it as taking precedence in the Department behind the [[Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness|under secretary for personnel and readiness]] (USD (P&R)).<ref name="b" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/12/20051222-7.html|title=Executive Order: Providing An Order of Succession Within the Department of Defense|work=Office of the Press Secretary|access-date=22 December 2005}}</ref>

On 23 November 2005, a DoD directive was made by SecDef Donald Rumsfeld that stated that the under secretary shall serve as the secretary's primary representative to the ODNI. It also stated the under secretary shall provide policy and oversight on the training and career development of personnel in the DoD's counterterrorism, intelligence, and security components. The under secretary has the duty of finding candidates to be nominated to serve as directors of the DIA, NGA, NRO, NSA, and DCSA, and directly overseeing their performance.

The additional position of the USD(I&S) acting in the capacity of Director of Defense Intelligence as the primary military intelligence and security advisor to the DNI follows a May 2007 memorandum of agreement between SecDef [[Robert Gates]] and DNI [[John Michael McConnell]] to create the position.<ref name="a" /> In 2006, the incoming Gates eschewed the idea of "off-line intelligence organizations or analytical groups".<ref>Castelli, Christopher J. “Incoming Defense Secretary to Rein in Pentagon Intelligence Post.” ''Inside the Pentagon'', vol. 22, no. 49, Inside Washington Publishers, 2006, pp. 17–18, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/insipent.22.49.19 JSTOR website] Retrieved 24 January 2022.</ref>

== Reporting officials ==
Officials reporting to the USD(I&S) include:

Directors for Defense Intelligence (DDI):
*Director for Defense Intelligence (Warfighter Support)
*Director for Defense Intelligence (Counterintelligence, Law Enforcement and Security)
*Director for Defense Intelligence (Collection and Special Programs)
*Director for Defense Intelligence (Intelligence and Security Programs and Resources)

Others:
*[[Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency|Director of the DIA]]
*[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|Director of the NGA]]
*[[Director of the National Security Agency|Director of the NSA]] / [[Central Security Service]]
*[[Leadership of the National Reconnaissance Office|Director of the NRO]]
*[[Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency|Director of the DCSA]]

== Office of the Under Secretary ==
{{outdated section|date=April 2022}}
The under secretary heads the '''Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security''' ('''OUSD(I&S)'''). A unit of the OSD, OUSD(I&S) exercises planning, policy, and strategic oversight over all DoD intelligence, counterintelligence, and security matters. OUSD(I&S) serves as the primary representative of the Defense Department to the DNI and other members of the [[United States Intelligence Community]].

The work of OUSD(I&S) is conducted through its several staff directorates, including:
*Under the direction of the deputy under secretary for joint coalition warfighter support
**Information Operations (IO) and Strategic Studies Directorate – Advisor for DoD Cyber, IO integration and IO-enabling strategic activities
**Warfighter Requirements and Evaluation Directorate – Provides guidance and oversight to sustain the Intelligence Planning process to synchronize and integrate national and Defense Intelligence Enterprise efforts in support of selected combatant command top priority contingency and campaign plans
**Policy, Strategy, and Doctrine Directorate – Provides oversight, development, and management of Defense Intelligence, Counterintelligence, security and intelligence-related policy, strategy, and doctrine, and establishes priorities to ensure conformance with SecDef and DNI guidance
**Information Sharing and Partner Engagement Directorate – Coordinates all intelligence information sharing and related Warfighter intelligence support issues for the under secretary
**Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Directorate – Responsible for operationalizing approved ISR initiatives. Provides ISR capability with supporting infrastructure for collection, communications and processing, exploitation and dissemination in support of commands engaged in combat operations
*Under the direction of the deputy under secretary of defense for technical collection and analysis
**Analytic Concepts and Strategies Directorate – Stimulates, develops and implements advanced concepts, responsive strategies, and cutting-edge analytic tradecraft methodologies, techniques and procedures that focus on improving the full spectrum of analysis and maximizing the integration and collaboration between technical analysis and all-source analysis
**Collection Concepts and Strategies Directorate – Stimulates, develops and implements advanced concepts, responsive strategies, and cutting-edge integration methodologies, techniques and procedures
**Special Capabilities Directorate – Develops, oversees, and manages special activities addressing critical intelligence needs, operational shortfalls, and interagency requirements
*Under the direction of the deputy under secretary of defense for portfolio, programs and resources
**Battlespace Awareness (BA) Portfolio Directorate – Serves as the principal staff advisor and functional manager for the Department's BA Portfolio
**Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Programs Directorate – Provides functional oversight for DoD ISR programs, to include processing, exploitation, and dedicated communications networks
**Military Intelligence Program Resources Directorate – Develops investment strategies addressing Warfighter near-term and long-term ISR and other intelligence-related needs
*Under the direction of the deputy under secretary of defense for HUMINT, counterintelligence and security
**Counterintelligence Directorate – Staff advisor for Department Counterintelligence and Credibility Assessment matters
**HUMINT Directorate – Staff advisor for Department [[HUMINT]], overseeing the full spectrum of Department HUMINT plans, programs, and operations, to include Identity Intelligence biometrics
**Security Directorate – Staff advisor for Department security policy, planning, and oversight, and Executive Agent for the [[National Industrial Security Program]]
**Sensitive Activities Directorate – Staff office concerning Department Sensitive Activities, National programs, Defense Sensitive Support and sensitive Special Operations
**Direct Report Offices – Central administrative activity of the OUSD-I for legislative affairs, human capital, management, and policy oversight

== Budget ==
{{outdated section|date=April 2022}}
=== Budget totals ===
The annual budget for the USD(I&S) is contained in the Office of the Secretary of Defense's (OSD) budget, under the Defense-Wide Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account.

{| class="wikitable"
|+USD Intelligence Budget, FY 10–12 ($ in thousands) <ref>{{cite web |url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/defbudget/fy2012/budget_justification/pdfs/01_Operation_and_Maintenance/O_M_VOL_1_PARTS/O_M_VOL_1_BASE_PARTS/OSD_OP-5_FY_2012.pdf |title=Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) |publisher=Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), OSD |year=2011 |access-date=29 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020090802/http://comptroller.defense.gov/defbudget/fy2012/budget_justification/pdfs/01_Operation_and_Maintenance/O_M_VOL_1_PARTS/O_M_VOL_1_BASE_PARTS/OSD_OP-5_FY_2012.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2011 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" width="220" | Line item
! scope="col" width="120" | FY10 actual
! scope ="col" width="120" | FY11 estimate
! scope="col" width="120" | FY12 request
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" | '''Core OSD Operating Program'''<ref>Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), p. 664</ref>
|-
| Civilian Pay and Benefits, USD (I)|| 32,516 || 38,406 || 32,891
|-
|colspan="4" align="center" | '''Program Structure'''<ref>Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), p. 697–707</ref>
|-
| Intelligence Mission || 55,461 || 85,796 || 74,315
|-
| International Intelligence Technology || 11,519 || 80,643 || 80,548
|-
| Defense Civilian Intelligence Personnel System || 4,198 || 2,392 || 2,047
|-
| Joint Military Deception Initiative || 2,840 || 3,064 || 4,458
|-
| Travel || 1,458 || 1,750 || 1,571
|-
|colspan="4" align="center" | '''Overseas Contingency Operations'''<ref>Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), p. 714</ref>
|-
| OCO OUSD (Intel) || 57,849 || 0 || 0
|-
|colspan="4" align="center" | '''Totals'''
|-
| '''Total budget''' || '''165,841''' || '''212,051''' || '''194,416'''
|-
|}

=== Budget features ===
*Intelligence Mission – Provides funding for the four Deputy Under Secretaries of the OUSD(I&S) as well as four direct reporting agencies:
**DUSD Joint and Coalition Warfighter Support (J&CWS) – Ensures that intelligence support across the Department meets critical and timely Warfighter needs and requirements through policy development, planning, and operational oversight
**DUSD Technical Collection and Analysis (TC&A) – Provides direction and oversight of all DoD intelligence analytical and technical collection functions
**DUSD Portfolio, Programs and Resources (PP&R) – Develops Defense Department investment strategy for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) and Environmental system capabilities
**DUSD HUMINT, Counterintelligence and Security (HCI&S) – Responsible for developing policy and exercise planning, and strategic oversight for the DoD in the areas of HUMINT, Counterintelligence (CI), security and sensitive activities
*International Intelligence Technology – Develops, coordinates, oversees, and manages OUSD(I&S)'s technology and architectural analysis and support to allied and coalition intelligence sharing and exchange requirements. Conducts research, analysis, and coordination to advance and integrate DoD, NATO, and coalition intelligence sharing, exploitation, and dissemination
*Defense Civilian Intelligence Personnel System (DCIPS) – DCIPS implementation enables Defense Department intelligence agencies to more effectively establish positions and appoint, pay, develop, retain, and motivate a world-class workforce committed to providing effective intelligence support to the Warfighter and the national policy maker
*Joint Military Deception Initiative – Funds an initiative to revitalize Defense Department military deception planning and execution capability in the [[Unified Combatant Command]]s
*Travel – Funds employee travel in support of OUSD(I&S) missions

<ref>Washington Times Article, Inside the Ring "Financial Intel Killed", November 10, 2010; Department of Defense Instruction 3115.12 Open Source Intelligence, Signed Thomas A Ferguson, Acting Under Secretary of Defense, August 24, 2010      </ref>== Office holders ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence<ref name="multiple">{{cite web |url=http://osdhistory.defense.gov/docs/DOD%20Key%20Officials%201947-2004.pdf |title=Department of Defense Key Officials |publisher=Historical Office, OSD |year=2004 |access-date=1 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034250/http://osdhistory.defense.gov/docs/DOD%20Key%20Officials%201947-2004.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" width="75" | Portrait
! scope="col" width="200" | Name
! scope="col" width="280" | Tenure
! scope="col" width="215" | SecDef(s) served under
! scope="col" width="215" | President(s) served under
|-
| [[File:Stephen Cambone, official DoD photo portrait, 2003.jpg|75px|Stephen Cambone]] || [[Stephen Cambone]] || 11 March 2003 – 31 December 2006 || Donald Rumsfeld <br /> [[Robert Gates]] || George W. Bush
|-
| [[File:James Clapper second DoD official portrait.jpg|75px|James Clapper]] || [[James R. Clapper]] || 15 April 2007 – 9 August 2010 || Robert Gates || George W. Bush <br /> [[Barack Obama]]

| 
| [[File:Michael G. Vickers, Assistant Secretary of Defense.jpg|75px|Michael Vickers]] || [[Michael G. Vickers]] || 16 March 2011 – 30 April 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/604543/vickers-stepping-down-as-undersecretary-for-intelligence/|title=Vickers Stepping Down as Undersecretary for Intelligence|website=U.S. Department of Defense}}</ref> || Robert Gates <br /> [[Leon Panetta]] <br />[[Chuck Hagel]]<br />[[Ashton Carter]] ||rowspan="2"| Barack Obama
|-
|[[File:Marcel J. Lettre II.jpg|75px]] || [[Marcel Lettre]] || 1 May 2015 – 20 January 2017 || Ashton Carter
|-
|-
| || [[Todd Lowery]] (acting) || 20 January 2017 - 5 June 2017
|[[James Mattis]]
| rowspan="4"|[[Donald Trump]]
|-
||[[File:Kari Bingen.jpg|75px]] || [[Kari Bingen]] (acting) || 5 June 2017 - 1 December 2017
|[[James Mattis]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Joseph D. Kernan.jpg|75px]] || [[Joseph D. Kernan]] || 1 December 2017 – 10 November 2020<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Seligman|first1=Lara|last2=Lippman|first2=Daniel|date=10 November 2020|title=Pentagon's top policy official resigns after clashing with the White House|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/10/pentagon-top-policy-official-resigns-435693|access-date=10 November 2020|website=[[POLITICO]]|language=en}}</ref>
| [[James Mattis]]<br />[[Mark Esper]]
|-
|-
|[[File:Ezra Cohen 200801-D-ZZ999-030.jpg|frameless|94x94px]]
|[[Ezra Cohen-Watnick|Ezra Cohen]] (Acting)
|10 November 2020 – 20 January 2021
|[[Christopher C. Miller]] (acting)
|-
|[[File:David M. Taylor.jpg|75px]]
|[[David M. Taylor]] (Acting)
|20 January 2021 – 1 June 2021
| rowspan="3" |[[Lloyd Austin]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Joe Biden]]
|-
|[[File:Ronald S. Moultrie, Under Secretary of Defense 2.jpg|75px]]
|[[Ronald Moultrie]]
|1 June 2021 – 29 February 2024
|-
|[[File:Milancy Harris, Deputy Under Secretary of Defense.jpg|frameless|94x94px]]
|Milancy Harris (Acting)
|1 March  2024 – Present
|}


== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Current US Department of Defense Secretaries}}
{{US Department of Defense Secretaries}}
{{Defense Intelligence Agency}}
{{Intelligence agencies of USA}}

[[Category:Directors of the United States intelligence agencies]]
[[Category:United States Under Secretaries of Defense| ]]