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{{Infobox organization
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The '''Transportation Research Board''' ('''TRB''') is a division of the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]]. TRB's mission is to mobilize expertise, experience, and knowledge to anticipate and solve complex transportation-related challenges. For example, committees, researchers, and staff are currently focused on advancing resilient infrastructure, exploring transformational technology, and caring for the public’s health and safety. It publishes research via four cooperative research programs and through consensus studies, which may be requested by the U.S. Congress.  

As one of seven major divisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,<ref name=about/> TRB research is objective and [[interdisciplinary]]. TRB hosts nearly 200 standing technical committees that address specific aspects of transport and the TRB Annual Meeting attracts thousands of transportation professionals.

==History==
The Transportation Research Board was established in 1920 as the "National Advisory Board on Highway Research" and changed its name to the "Highway Research Board" from 1925 until 1974, when it was renamed again as the "Transportation Research Board." It has commissioned ad-hoc research since 1950, became more involved in multi-modal transport in the 1960s, and continues to research across various transportation modes.<ref name=about>{{cite web|url=http://www.trb.org/AboutTRB/AboutTRB.aspx|title=About|publisher=Transport Research Board|access-date=2016-07-13}}</ref>

==Activities and organization==
TRB's varied activities annually draw on over 8,000 engineers, planners, scientists, academics, and other transportation researchers from the public and private sectors, who volunteer expertise in the public interest by participating on TRB committees, panels, and task forces.<ref name="about" />

Additionally, TRB hosts its Annual Meeting in Washington DC every January, gathering approximately 14,000 transportation professionals from across the United States and around the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trb.org/AnnualMeeting/AnnualMeeting.aspx|title=Annual meeting|publisher=Transport Research Board}}</ref>

==Publications and databases==
{{anchor|Publications}}Publications include the [[Highway Capacity Manual]], the ''Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board'' (TRR) which publishes peer-reviewed papers,<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/overview-metric/TRR? |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=Sage Journals}}</ref> and a bi-monthly magazine called ''TR News''. A history of transportation research and of TRB was published in January 2020 called ''The Transportation Research Board, 1920–2020: Everyone Interested Is Invited''.<ref>[https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25472/the-transportation-research-board-1920-2020-everyone-interested-is-invited The Transportation Research Board, 1920–2020: Everyone Interested Is Invited]</ref> 

Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS) offers several databases for researchers:

*The TRID Database is an integrated database that combines the records from TRB's [[TRIS online|Transportation Research Information Services (TRIS) Database]] and the [[OECD]]'s Joint Transport Research Centre’s International Transport Research Documentation (ITRD) Database.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trid.trb.org/|title=TRIS and TRID|publisher=Transportation Research Board}}</ref>
*The Research in Progress (RiP) Database contains transportation research projects, mostly those funded by the modal administrations of the [[United States Department of Transportation|U.S. Department of Transportation]], state DOTs, [[University Transportation Centers Program|University Transportation Centers]], or by TRB's cooperative research programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rip.trb.org/|title=The Research in Progress Database|publisher=Transportation Research Board}}</ref>
*TRB Technical Activities standing committees identify, develop, and disseminate research need statements (RNS) for use by practitioners, researchers, and others in a Research Needs Statements Database.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rns.trb.org/|title=Research Needs Statements (RNS) Database|publisher=Transport Research Board}}</ref>
*The TRB Publications Index (Pubsindex) contains bibliographic information on almost 48,000 papers, articles, and reports published by the Highway Research Board, Transportation Research Board, Strategic Highway Research Program, and the Marine Board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pubsindex.trb.org/|title=The TRB Publications Index|publisher=Transport Research Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Practice Ready Papers (PRP Database |url=http://prp.trb.org/ |url-status=unfit |publisher=Transport Research Board}}</ref>

== Funding ==
Although many activities are requested and funded by Congress and federal agencies, TRB and the National Academies do not receive direct appropriations from the federal government. Programs receive support from state [[Department of Transportation|transportation departments]], the various administrations of the [[U.S. Department of Transportation]] and other federal agencies, industry associations, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation.

The Cooperative Research Programs receive funding. The Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program (BTSCRP) facilitates projects with support from the [[Governors Highway Safety Association|Governors Highway Safety Association]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Research Program |url=https://www.ghsa.org/resources/BTSCRP |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=Governors Highway Safety Association}}</ref> The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) is sponsored by the [[Federal Aviation Administration]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) |url=https://www.faa.gov/airports/acrp |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=Federal Aviation Administration}}</ref> The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP), created in 1962, is sponsored by individual state departments of transportation of the [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] and the [[Federal Highway Administration]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=National Cooperative Highway Research Program |url=https://highways.dot.gov/research/opportunities-partnerships/partnerships/national-cooperative-highway-research-program |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration}}</ref> The Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) is sponsored by the [[Federal Transit Administration]] and carried out under a three-way agreement among the [[National Academy of Sciences]], the Transit Development Corporation, Inc., and the [[American Public Transportation Association]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Transit Cooperative Research Program - 5312(i) |url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/transit-cooperative-research-program-5312i |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=Federal Transit Administration}}</ref>

TRB offers selective research funding, notably, the NCHRP, the ACRP, and TCRP. Each one of these programs has industry leaders who function as references while completing the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trb.org/ResearchFunding/RFTransportationResearchBoard.aspx|title=Transportation Research Board – Research Program and Project Management}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[National Cooperative Highway Research Program]]
* [[World Conference on Transport Research Society]]
* [[Transportation safety in the United States]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:Transportation organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:Research councils]]
[[Category:Transport research organizations]]