View source for Personnel Security Research Center

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{{US-mil-stub}}
{{short description|Agency of the United States Department of Defense}}
The Defense '''Personnel Security Research Center''' (PERSEREC) is an entity of the [[United States Department of Defense]] (DoD), based in [[Monterey, California]], which seeks to improve the "effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of DoD personnel suitability, security, and reliability systems."<ref name=PERSEREC>
{{cite web
| title = Welcome to PERSEREC
| publisher = United States Department of Defense
| url = https://www.dhra.mil/perserec/
| access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

==Organization==
[[File:John_Anthony_Walker.jpg|thumb|right|The espionage case of [[John Anthony Walker]] (here, circa 1985) led to PERSEREC's formation in 1986]]
PERSEREC reports to the Office of People Analytics (OPA), which reports to the [[Defense Human Resources Activity]] (DHRA), which reports to the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness).<ref name=PERSEREC/>

==Functions==
This DoD research center:
* Conducts applied research and development to improve personnel suitability, security, and reliability policy and practice
* Conducts long-term programmatic research and development for the human resource management, security, and intelligence communities
* Provides quick-response studies and analyses in support of policy formation and systems operation
* Disseminates research information to policymakers and practitioners
* Develops innovative systems, tools, and job aids for policymakers, managers, and practitioners concerned with personnel suitability, security, and reliability<ref name=PERSEREC/>

==History==
[[File:West_and_East_Germans_at_the_Brandenburg_Gate_in_1989.jpg|thumb|right|Photo taken during the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]] (1989) near the  [[Brandenburg Gate]].]]
In 1986, DoD established PERSEREC in response to findings by a DoD Security Review Commission (or "Stilwell Commission") to improve personnel security in the wake of the [[John Anthony Walker]] espionage case in 1985.  DoD chose Monterey to locate PERSEREC near the [[Defense Manpower Data Center]] (DMDC) West and the [[Naval Postgraduate School]] (NPS) to take advantage of an existing group of personnel security researchers.  DoD planned to close the agency by 1990.<ref name=PERSEREC-History>
{{cite web
| title = History
| publisher = United States Department of Defense
| url = https://www.dhra.mil/PERSEREC/History/
| access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

By 1992, DoD decided to make PERSEREC permanent as the [[Cold War]] ended with the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]] in 1989.  PERSEREC responded by helping ensure modifications in security briefings that reflect such changes.  PERSEREC also drafted the first all-federal adjudicative guidelines as part of greater standardization of procedures in response to response to increasing reciprocity of clearances.  The President of the United States (POTUS) approved those guidelines in 1997 and their update in 2006.<ref name=PERSEREC-History/>

PERSEREC also analyzes and tracks "patterns of malicious insider behavior" since 1947, making PERSEREC a "principal provider of unclassified information on espionage and insider computer misuse to the security community."<ref name=PERSEREC-History/><ref name=PERSEREC-Espionage>
{{cite web
| title = Espionage and Other Compromises of National Security 1975-2008
| publisher = United States Department of Defense
| url = https://www.dhra.mil/perserec/espionage-cases/
| access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

PERSEREC has also automated reference and training materials related to personnel security, as well as harnessed information technology, all of which facilitates initial clearance investigations and helps decision-making and diagnostics, e.g., eAdjudication.<ref name=PERSEREC-History/>

==Members==
[[James A. Riedel]] has been a director of research and supervised many publications.

==Works==

Reports include:
* ''Standardizing Procedures for Notifying Individuals of an Adverse Personnel Security Determination in the Department of Defense'' (1994)<ref>
{{cite report
 | author1      = James A. Riedel
 | author-link1 = James A. Riedel
 | author2      = Kent S. Crawford
 | date        = September 1994
 | title       = Appeal Board and Personal Appearance Procedures for Adverse Personnel Security Determinations in the Department of Defense
 | url         = https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a293705.pdf
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220601070706/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a293705.pdf
 | url-status  = live
 | archive-date = June 1, 2022
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Appeal Board and Personal Appearance Procedures for Adverse Personnel Security Determinations in the Department of Defense'' (1995)<ref>
{{cite report
 | author1      = James A. Riedel
 | author-link1 = James A. Riedel
 | author2      = Kent S. Crawford
 | date        = February 1995
 | title       = Appeal Board and Personal Appearance Procedures for Adverse Personnel Security Determinations in the Department of Defense
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/tr95-02.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Security Clearances and the Protection of National Security Information Laws and Procedures'' (2000)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | editor-link1 = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Sheldon I. Cohen
 | date        = November 2000
 | title       = Security Clearances and the Protection of National Security Information Laws and Procedures
 | url         = https://antipolygraph.org/documents/security-clearances.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Public Opinion of Selected National Security Issues:  1994-2000'' (2001)<ref>
{{cite report
 | author1      = James A. Riedel
 | author-link1 = James A. Riedel
 | author2      = Kent S. Crawford
 | date        = October 2001
 | title       = Public Opinion of Selected National Security Issues: 1994-2000
 | url         = https://fas.org/sgp/othergov/pers01.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Cleared DoD Employees at Risk – Report 1:  Policy Options for Removing Barriers to Seek Help'' (2002)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Suzanne Wood
 | author2      = Lynn F. Fischer
 | date        = January 2002
 | title       = Cleared DoD Employees at Risk – Report 1: Policy Options for Removing Barriers to Seek Help
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/mr01-02.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001'' (2002)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Katherine L. Herbig
 | author2      = Martin F. Wiskoff
 | date        = June 2002
 | title       = Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001
 | url         = https://fas.org/sgp/library/spies.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Final Report on DSS Test of Phased Reinvestigation'' (2002)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Richards J. Heuer Jr.
 | author2      = Kent S. Crawford
 | author3      = Sandra N. Kirkpatrick
 | author4      = Lisa A. Kramer
 | date        = June 2002
 | title       = Final Report on DSS Test of Phased Reinvestigation
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/tr02-02.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Improving Supervisor and Coworker Reporting of Information of Security Concern'' (2003)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Suzanne Wood
 | author2      = Joanne C. Marshall-Mies
 | date        = January 2003
 | title       = Improving Supervisor and Coworker Reporting of Information of Security ConcernProfessional Development Survey
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/tr02-03.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Preferences and Priorities for Professional Development in the Security Workforce: A Report of the Professional Development Survey'' (2004)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Alissa J. Kramen
 | author2      = Lynn F. Fischer
 | date        = January 2004
 | title       = Preferences and Priorities for Professional Development in the Security Workforce: A Report of the Professional Development Survey
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/tr04-01.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Reciprocity: A Progress Report'' (2004)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Katherine L. Herbig
 | author2      = Peter R. Nelson
 | date        = April 2004
 | title       = Reciprocity: A Progress Report
 | url         = http://channelingreality.com/Fusion_Centers/reciprocity.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Implementation of a Two-Phase SSBI-PR at DSS: An Evaluation with Recommendations'' (2005)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Lisa A. Kramer
 | author2      = Kent S. Crawford
 | author3      = David A. Richmond
 | date        = May 2005
 | title       = Implementation of a Two-Phase SSBI-PR at DSS: An Evaluation with Recommendations
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/tr05-11.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Reporting of Counterintelligence and Security Indicators by Supervisors and Coworkers'' (2005)<ref>
{{cite report
 | author1      = James A. Riedel
 | author-link1 = James A. Riedel
 | author2      = Kent S. Crawford
 | date        = May 2005
 | title       = Reporting of Counterintelligence and Security Indicators by Supervisors and Coworkers
 | url         = https://raysemko.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/ci-security-indicators-reporting.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>
* ''Summary and Explanation of Changes to the Adjudicative Guidelines Approved by the President December 29, 2005'' (2006)<ref>
{{cite report
 | editor      = James A. Riedel
 | author1      = Richards J. Heuer Jr
 | author2      = Janice L. Condo
 | date        = March 2006
 | title       = Summary and Explanation of Changes to the Adjudicative Guidelines Approved by the President December 29, 2005
 | url         = https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/mr06-02.pdf
 | publisher   = Defense Personnel Security Research Center
 | location    = Monterey, California
 | access-date = 7 October 2020
 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.dhra.mil/perserec PERSEREC]
* [https://www.dhra.mil/PERSEREC/Selected-Reports/ PERSEREC - Selected Reports]
* [https://www.dni.gov/index.php/ncsc-how-we-work/ncsc-security-executive-agent/ncsc-reports DNI - Guidelines for PERSRECT Recommendations from the IC Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Group]

{{DOD agencies}}

[[Category:United States Department of Defense agencies|Human Resources Activity]]
[[Category:Security organizations]]