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{{Short description|Office within the United States Department of the Navy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox organization
| name                = Office of Naval Research
| logo                = Office of Naval Research Official Logo.png
| image               = Office of Naval Research (ONR) (52366714152).jpg
| caption             = The headquarters of the Office of Naval Research in [[Ballston, Virginia]] in 2022
| abbreviation        = ONR
| formation           = {{start date and age|1946|8|1}}
| headquarters        = [[Ballston, Virginia]], U.S.
| additional_location = {{plainlist|
'''ONR Global''':
*[[Santiago]]
*[[São Paulo]]
*[[London]]
*[[Prague]]
*[[Singapore]]
*[[Tokyo]]
}}
| coordinates         = {{coord|38.8808|-77.1086|type:landmark_region:US-VA|display=inline,title}}
| sec_gen             = [[U.S. Secretary of the Navy]]
| leader_title        = [[Chief of Naval Research]]
| leader_name         = Rear Adm. Kurt Rothenhaus
| parent_organization = [[United States Department of the Navy]]
| subsidiaries        = [[United States Naval Research Laboratory]]
| website             = {{URL|https://www.onr.navy.mil/}}
}}

The '''Office of Naval Research''' ('''ONR''') is an organization within the [[United States Department of the Navy]] responsible for the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]]. Established by [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1946, its mission is to plan, foster, and encourage scientific research to maintain future naval power and preserve national security. It carries this out through funding and collaboration with schools, universities, government laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and for-profit organizations, and overseeing the [[Naval Research Laboratory]], the corporate research laboratory for the Navy and Marine Corps. NRL conducts a broad program of scientific research, technology and advanced development.

ONR's headquarters is in the [[Ballston, Virginia|Ballston]] neighborhood of [[Arlington County, Virginia]]. ONR Global has offices overseas in [[Santiago]], [[São Paulo]], [[London]], [[Prague]], [[Singapore]], and [[Tokyo]].

==Overview==
The ONR was authorized by an Act of Congress, Public Law 588, and subsequently approved by President [[Harry S. Truman]] on August 1, 1946. Its stated mission is "planning, fostering, and encouraging scientific research in recognition of its paramount importance as related to the maintenance of future naval power and the preservation of national security."<ref name="InfoDomain">{{cite journal |last1=ONR Public Affairs |title=Office of Naval Research Celebrates 65 Years of Pioneering Science & Technology |journal=InfoDomain |date=Fall 2011 |page=42 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a552390.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223135017/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a552390.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=Sep 17, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=10 U.S. Code § 8022 - Office of Naval Research: duties|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/8022|access-date=2020-07-15|website=LII / Legal Information Institute|language=en}}</ref>

The ONR carries this out through funding with grants and contracts scientists and engineers who perform basic research, technology development, and advanced technology demonstrations.

ONR's Science and Technology Portfolio is allocated as follows: "10% Quick Reaction & Other S&T, 
30% Acquisition Enablers, 
10% Leap Ahead Innovations, 
40% Discovery & Invention (Basic and Applied Science), 10% Other."<ref name="Carr">{{cite web|last1=Carr, jr.|first1=RADM Nevin P.|title=The Office of Naval Research|url=https://www.onr.navy.mil/-/media/Files/Conferences/Science-Technology-Partnership/2010/Carr11082010STFINAL.ashx?la=en|access-date=Sep 17, 2019|website=Office of Naval Research}}</ref>

==Organization==
ONR reports to the [[U.S. Secretary of the Navy]] through the [[Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition]]. The [[Chief of Naval Research]] is [[Rear admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]] Kurt Rothenhaus and the Vice Chief of Naval Research is [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] Kyle B Ellison, United States Marine Corps, who also serves as Director of [[United States Marine Corps Futures Directorate]] and Commanding General of the [[United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory]].

ONR executes its mission through science and technology departments, corporate programs, the [[United States Naval Research Laboratory|Naval Research Laboratory]] (NRL), and the ONR Global office.

===Science and Technology Departments===
ONR has six science and technology departments that support a broad range of subjects, which span such efforts as combating terrorism, oceanography, sea warfare, and life sciences. These fund basic research programs, primarily through U.S. universities; technology research programs, primarily through government and nongovernment laboratories; and advanced technology demonstration programs, primarily through U.S. industry and companies.

Additionally, ONR has an Office of Transition that supports technology transitions to the Navy and Marine Corps; a Small Business Innovative Research Office that encourages small businesses to develop and commercialize products in support of ONR’s mission; a Future Naval Capabilities Program that works to provide technologies to close warfighting gaps; and a Corporate Programs Office that supports cross-disciplinary research and education programs.  As of February, 2020, ONR oversees NavalX, the US Navy Agility Cell founded by James “Hondo” Geurts in 2018.
[[File:Office of Naval Research recruitment.jpg|alt=3 people speaking, two wearing blue shirts and one in a suit.|thumb|ONR staffer discusses paid internship opportunities with a visitor to the Department of the Navy Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions (HBCU/MI) Program exhibit.]]

===ONR Corporate Programs:  Research & Education===
ONR supports many corporate research and education programs, including:
* Naval Research Enterprise Intern Program ([[NREIP]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program|url=https://www.onr.navy.mil/Education-Outreach/undergraduate-graduate/NREIP-naval-internship|access-date=May 4, 2021|website=Office of Naval Research}}</ref>
* Multidisciplinary Research Program of the URI ([[MURI]]) 
* Defense University Research Instrumentation Program ([[DURIP]]) of the URI
* DoD Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research ([[DEPSCOR]])
* Young Investigator Program
* DoD National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate ([[NDSEG]]) Fellowship Program of the URI<ref>{{Cite web|title=DoD National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program|url=https://www.onr.navy.mil/Education-Outreach/undergraduate-graduate/NDSEG-graduate-fellowship.aspx|access-date=May 4, 2021|website=Office of Naval Research}}</ref>
* Summer Faculty Research Program
* Faculty Sabbatical Leave Program
* Naval High School Science Awards Program
* [[HBCU]] (Historically Black Colleges/Universities) Future Engineering Faculty Fellowship Program
*HBCU/Minority Institutions Program<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Education-Outreach/HBCU-MI-Historically-Black-Colleges|title=HBCU/MI Program|website=Office of Naval Research|access-date=2019-11-23}}</ref>
* Science and [[Engineering Apprentice]] Program (SEAP) (Run by ONR, funded by the American Society for Engineering Education)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Science and Engineering Apprentice Program|url=https://www.onr.navy.mil/Education-Outreach/K-12-Programs/SEAP|access-date=May 4, 2021|website=Office of Naval Research}}</ref>
*[[Science, Mathematics, And Research For Transformation (SMART) Defense Scholarship Program]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation|url=https://www.onr.navy.mil/Education-Outreach/undergraduate-graduate/SMART|access-date=May 4, 2021|website=Office of Naval Research}}</ref>

===Naval Research Laboratory===
{{main|Naval Research Laboratory}}

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) was founded in 1923 and employed over 2,500 scientists and engineers as of 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrl.navy.mil/about-nrl/|title=About NRL - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory|website=www.nrl.navy.mil|access-date=2017-09-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170611035014/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/about-nrl/|archive-date= 11 June 2017}}</ref>  NRL is the corporate research laboratory for the Navy and Marine Corps and conducts a broad program of scientific research, technology and advanced development.  It has a prestigious history, including the development of the first U.S. [[radar]] system,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/systems/radar/|title=Development of the Radar Principle - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory|website=www.nrl.navy.mil|access-date=2017-09-05|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024152321/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/systems/radar/|archive-date=24 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>  [[Synthetic oil|synthetic lubricants]] (for modern [[gas turbine]] engines), [[over-the-horizon radar]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/systems/over-horizon-radar/|title=Over-the-Horizon Radar - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory|website=www.nrl.navy.mil|access-date=2017-09-05|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417155936/https://www.nrl.navy.mil/accomplishments/systems/over-horizon-radar/|archive-date=17 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> the first U.S. [[Spy satellite|surveillance satellite]], and the [[Clementine mission|Clementine space mission]].  A few of the Laboratory's current specialties include [[plasma physics]], [[space physics]], [[materials science]], and [[tactical electronic warfare]].

===ONR Global===
ONR Global regional offices are located in:
* [[RAF Blenheim Crescent]], London, U.K. (Europe)
* Santiago, Chile (Latin America)
* Tokyo, Japan (Asia/Pacific)
* Australia (Asia/Pacific)
* Singapore (South Asia/Singapore)
* Prague, Czech Republic (Europe)

ONR Global is a supporter of the [[Global Security Challenge]] at the [[London Business School]].

==Research==
[[File:Sea Fighter FSF1.jpg|thumb|[[Sea Fighter]] (FSF-1), August 2005]]
ONR's investments have enabled many firsts, including the launch of the first U.S. intel satellite; the development of [[SEALAB]] I/II; the validation of the GPS concept and launch of the first GPS satellite; the first global atmospheric prediction model; [[War on Terror|GWOT]] support through various quick response programs; and, most recently, the electromagnetic [[railgun]], the [[Infantry Immersive Trainer]], and super-conducting motors.{{cn|date=June 2019}} Others include:

{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[Combat Tactical Vehicle (Technology Demonstrator)]]
* [[ULTRA AP]] 
* [[Shadow RST-V]]
* [[Sea Fighter]]
* [[Quiet Electric Drive]]
* [[RP FLIP|R/P FLIP]]
* [[CALDIC]] (California Digital Computer) – from 1951 to 1955
* [[Biomimetic antifouling coating|Biomimetic anti-fouling ship coatings]]
* [[Ocean thermal energy conversion]](OTEC or OTE)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=56265|title=United States Department of Defense|website=www.defenselink.mil|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref>
* [[Large Vessel Interface Lift-on/Lift-off]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Media-Center/Fact-Sheets/Large-Vessel-Interface.aspx|title=Office of Naval Research|website=www.onr.navy.mil|access-date=7 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052250/http://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Media-Center/Fact-Sheets/Large-Vessel-Interface.aspx|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
<!-- there should be a note weather a project is ongoing or a past project -->
The ONR has also sponsored symposia such as the [[Symposium on Principles of Self-Organization]] at [[Robert Allerton Park|Allerton Park]] in 1960.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Tracts in Computer Science and Technology and Their Application|date=1962|title=Frontispiece|volume=9|issue=Principles of Self-Organization}}</ref>

===ONR projects and programs===
[[File:US_Navy_030322-N-1035L-006_The_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Milius_(DDG_69)_launches_a_Tomahawk_Land_Attack_Missile_(TLAM)_toward_Iraq.jpg|thumb|[[BGM-109 Tomahawk|Tomahawk TLAM]] missile launching]]
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[BGM-109 Tomahawk]]
* [[Infantry Immersion Trainer]]
* [[Interactive Scenario Builder]] (Tactical Environmental Simulation)
* [[High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program]]
* [[HMMWV replacement process]]
* [[Massive Multiplayer Online Wargame Leveraging the Internet]]
* [[SIMDIS]]
{{div col end}}

====Alleged====
* [[Philadelphia Experiment]]: Said to have been conducted in 1943, three years prior to the establishment of ONR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Information Sheet: Philadelphia Experiment|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq21-2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018090134/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq21-2.htm|archive-date=2014-10-18|website=US [[Naval History and Heritage Command]] FAQ}}</ref>

==See also==
'''Related organizations and agencies'''
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[United States Naval Research Laboratory]]
* [[Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory]]
* [[Naval Research Advisory Committee]]
* [[United States Army Research Laboratory]]
* [[Air Force Research Laboratory]]
* [[Fleet Electronic Warfare Center (FEWC)]]
* [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
* [[University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System]]
* [[List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.onr.navy.mil/ Office of Naval Research Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503074430/http://www.onr.navy.mil/ |date=3 May 2021 }}
*[http://www.nrl.navy.mil/  Naval Research Laboratory Homepage]

{{US research agencies}}
{{United States government agencies involved in environmental science}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Office Of Naval Research}}
[[Category:Arlington County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Ballston, Virginia]]
[[Category:Military in Virginia]]
[[Category:Military research of the United States]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1946]]
[[Category:Office of the Secretary of the Navy]]
[[Category:Research in the United States]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Virginia]]