View source for National Medal of Arts

{{Short description|Award and title created by the U.S. Congress}}
{{Infobox award
| name             = National Medal of Arts
| image            = NationalMedalofArts.jpg
| image_size       = 150px
| alt              = 
| caption          = 
| presenter        = [[President of the United States]] & [[National Endowment for the Arts]]
| country          = [[United States]]
| type             = 
| eligibility      = Civilians
| awarded_for      = Outstanding contributions to the excellence, growth, support and availability of the arts in the United States
| campaign         = 
| status           = 
| description      = 
| motto            = 
| clasps           = 
| post-nominals    = 
| established      = 1984 by the [[United States Congress]]
| firstawarded     = 1985
| lastawarded      = 
| total_awarded    = 
| total_recipients = 
| precedence_label = 
| individual       = 
| higher           = 
| same             = 
| lower            = 
| related          = 
| image2           = [[File:Alfonso XII Spain.png|100px]]
| alt2             = 
| caption2         = Ribbon of the medal
| website          = {{URL|https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals}}
}}
[[File:2005 National Medal of Arts winners.jpg|thumb|US President [[George W. Bush]] with several of the 2005 National Medal of Arts awardees]]

The '''National Medal of Arts''' is an award and title created by the [[United States Congress]] in 1984, for the purpose of honoring [[artist]]s and [[Patronage|patrons]] of [[the arts]]. A prestigious American honor, it is the highest honor given to artists and arts patrons by the United States government. Nominations are submitted to the National Council on the Arts, the advisory committee of the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] (NEA), who then submits its recommendations to the [[White House]] for the [[President of the United States]] to award.<ref name="NEA 2018 Guide">{{cite web |title=National Endowment for the Arts 2018 Guide |url=https://www.arts.gov/sites/default/files/2018_NEA_Guide.pdf |website=National Endowment for the Arts |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>  The medal was designed for the NEA by sculptor [[Robert Graham (sculptor)|Robert Graham]].

==Laureates==
In 1983, prior to the official establishment of the National Medal of Arts, through the [[President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities]], President [[Ronald Reagan]] awarded a medal to artists and arts patrons.<ref name="NMA by year">{{cite web |title=National Medal of Arts by Year |url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals/year-all |website=National Endowment for the Arts |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"   
|-
! Name !! Area of Achievement
|-
|data-sort-value="Zukerman, Pinchas" | [[Pinchas Zukerman]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="von Stade, Frederica" | [[Frederica von Stade]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="Miłosz, Czesław" | [[Czesław Miłosz]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="Lin, Maya" | [[Maya Lin]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="Stella, Frank" | [[Frank Stella]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Philip" | [[Philip Johnson]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="Valdez, Luis" | [[Luis Valdez]] || Artist
|-
|data-sort-value="Texaco Philanthropic Foundation, The" | The [[Texaco]] Philanthropic Foundation || Patron
|-
|data-sort-value="Michener, James" | [[James Michener]] || Patron
|-
|data-sort-value="Philip Morris" | [[Altria Group|Philip Morris]] || Patron
|-
|data-sort-value="Cleveland Foundation, The" | [[The Cleveland Foundation]] || Patron
|-
|data-sort-value="Lewis, Elma" | [[Elma Lewis]] || Patron
|-
|data-sort-value="Dayton Hudson Foundation, The" | The [[Dayton's|Dayton Hudson]] Foundation || Patron
|}

==Recipients of the National Medal of Arts==
The National Medal of Arts was first awarded in 1985. The ceremony was not held in 2021 or 2022 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] therefore the 2021 recipients were given the award in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/20/politics/biden-national-arts-and-humanities-medal-ceremony/index.html|title=Bruce Springsteen, Gladys Knight among group honored at the White House|first1=Maegan|last1=Vazquez|first2=Nikki|last2=Carvajal|website=CNN|language=en-US|date=21 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-22}}</ref>

=== 1980s === 
{| class="wikitable sortable"   
|-
! Year !! Name !! Area of Achievement   
|-   
| rowspan="12" |1985 || data-sort-value="Carter, Elliott" | [[Elliott Carter|Elliott Carter Jr.]] || composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Ellison, Ralph" | [[Ralph Ellison]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Ferrer, Jose" | [[Jose Ferrer]] || actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Graham, Martha" | [[Martha Graham]] || dancer, choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Nevelson, Louise" | [[Louise Nevelson]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="O'Keeffe, Georgia" | [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Price, Leontyne" | [[Leontyne Price]] || soprano 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Buffum Chandler, Dorothy" | [[Dorothy Buffum Chandler]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kirstein, Lincoln" | [[Lincoln Kirstein]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Mellon, Paul" | [[Paul Mellon]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tully, Alice" | [[Alice Tully]] || arts patron 
|-   
| [[Hallmark Cards]] || corporate arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1986 || data-sort-value="Anderson, Marian" | [[Marian Anderson]] || contralto singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Capra, Frank" | [[Frank Capra]] || film director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Copland, Aaron" | [[Aaron Copland]] || composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="de Kooning, Willem" | [[Willem de Kooning]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="de Mille, Agnes" | [[Agnes de Mille]] || choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Le Gallienne, Eva" | [[Eva Le Gallienne]] || actress, director, author 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lomax, Alan" | [[Alan Lomax]] || folklorist, scholar 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Mumford, Lewis" | [[Lewis Mumford]] || philosopher, literary critic 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Welty, Eudora" | [[Eudora Welty]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="de Menil, Dominique" | [[Dominique de Menil]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Corporation, Exxon" | [[Exxon Corporation]] || corporate arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Knox , Seymour" | [[Seymour H. Knox II]] || arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="11"|1987 || data-sort-value="Bearden, Romare" | [[Romare Bearden]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Fitzgerald, Ella" | [[Ella Fitzgerald]] || singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Nemerov, Howard" | [[Howard Nemerov]] || writer, scholar 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Nikolais, Alwin" | [[Alwin Nikolais]] || dancer, choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Noguchi, Isamu" | [[Isamu Noguchi]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Schuman, William" | [[William Schuman]] || composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Warren, Robert Penn " | [[Robert Penn Warren]] || writer, poet 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Fisher, J. W." | J. W. Fisher || arts patron 
|-   
| Dr. data-sort-value="Hammer, Armand" | [[Armand Hammer]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lewis, Frances" | Frances Lewis || arts patron 
|-   
| Mr. and Mrs. data-sort-value="Lewis, Sydney" | [[Sydney Lewis]] || arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1988 || data-sort-value="Bellow, Saul" | [[Saul Bellow]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hayes, Helen" | [[Helen Hayes]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Parks, Gordon" | [[Gordon Parks]] || photographer, film director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Pei, Ioeh Ming" | [[Ioeh Ming Pei]] || architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Robbins, Jerome" | [[Jerome Robbins]] || dancer, choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Serkin, Rudolf" | [[Rudolf Serkin]] || pianist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Thomson, Virgil" | [[Virgil Thomson]] || composer, music critic 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Freedberg, Sydney" | [[Sydney Freedberg]] || art historian, curator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Stevens, Roger" | [[Roger L. Stevens]] || arts administrator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Astor, Brooke" | [[Brooke Astor]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Goelet, Francis" | [[Francis Goelet]] || music patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tanner, Obert Clark" | [[Obert Clark Tanner]] || arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1989 || data-sort-value="Adler, Leopold" | [[Lee Adler (preservationist)|Leopold Adler]] || preservationist, civic leader 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Dunham, Katherine" | [[Katherine Dunham]] || dancer, choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Eisenstaedt, Alfred" | [[Alfred Eisenstaedt]] || photographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Friedman, Martin" | [[Martin Friedman (museum director)|Martin Friedman]] || museum director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Gerdine, Leigh" | [[Leigh Gerdine]] || arts patron, civic leader 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Gillespie, Dizzy" | [[Dizzy Gillespie|John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie]] || jazz trumpeter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hancock, Walker" | [[Walker Hancock]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Horowitz, Vladimir" | [[Vladimir Horowitz]] || pianist (posthumous) 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Miłosz, Czesław" | [[Czesław Miłosz]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Motherwell, Robert" | [[Robert Motherwell]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Updike, John" | [[John Updike]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hudson, Dayton" | [[Dayton's|Dayton Hudson]] Corporation || corporate arts patron 
|- 
|}

=== 1990s === 
{| class="wikitable sortable"   
|-
! Year !! Name !! Area of Achievement   
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1990 || data-sort-value="Abbott, George" | [[George Abbott]] || producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cronyn, Hume" | [[Hume Cronyn]] || actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tandy, Jessica" | [[Jessica Tandy]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cunningham, Merce" | [[Merce Cunningham]] || choreographer & dance company director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Johns, Jasper" | [[Jasper Johns]] || painter & sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lawrence, Jacob" | [[Jacob Lawrence]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="King, BB" | [[B. B. King]] || blues musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lloyd Kreeger, David" | [[David Lloyd Kreeger]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sterling Masterson, Harris" | [[Henry Masterson III|Harris]] & Carroll Sterling Masterson|| arts patrons 
|-   
| data-sort-value="McHarg, Ian" | [[Ian McHarg]]|| landscape architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sills, Beverly" | [[Beverly Sills]] || opera singer 
|-   
| [[BellSouth|Southeastern Bell Corporation]] || corporate arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1991 || data-sort-value="Abravanel, Maurice" | [[Maurice Abravanel]] || music director & conductor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Acuff, Roy" | [[Roy Acuff]] || country singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Belluschi, Pietro" | [[Pietro Belluschi]] || architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Brown, J. Carter" | [[J. Carter Brown]] || museum director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Coles, Charles" | [[Charles "Honi" Coles]] || tap dancer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Crosby, John" | [[John Crosby (conductor)|John O. Crosby]] || opera director, conductor, administrator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Diebenkorn, Richard" | [[Richard Diebenkorn]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hanes, R. Philip" | [[R. Philip Hanes]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Carlisle Hart, Kitty" | [[Kitty Carlisle Hart]] || actress, singer & arts administrator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Primus, Pearl" | [[Pearl Primus]] || choreographer & anthropologist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Stern, Isaac" | [[Isaac Stern]] || violinist 
|-   
| [[Texaco]] || corporate arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1992 || data-sort-value="Horne, Marilyn" | [[Marilyn Horne]] || opera singer
|-   
| data-sort-value="Jones, James Earl" | [[James Earl Jones]] || actor
|-   
| data-sort-value="Houser, Allan" | [[Allan Houser]] || sculptor
|-   
| data-sort-value="Pearl, Minnie" | [[Minnie Pearl]] || comedian
|-   
| data-sort-value="Saudek, Robert" | [[Robert Saudek]] || television producer, Museum of Broadcasting founding director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Scruggs, Earl" | [[Earl Scruggs]] || banjo player
|-   
| data-sort-value="Shaw, Robert" | [[Robert Shaw (conductor)|Robert Shaw]] || orchestra conductor, choral director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Taylor, Billy" | [[Billy Taylor]] || jazz pianist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Venturi, Robert" | [[Robert Venturi]] and [[Denise Scott Brown]] || architects
|-   
| data-sort-value="Wise, Robert" | [[Robert Wise]] || director 
|-   
|  [[AT&T]] || corporate arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Bell Wallace, Lila" | [[Lila Wallace Reader's Digest Fund]] || foundation arts patron 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1993 || data-sort-value="Annenberg, Walter" | [[Walter Annenberg|Walter]] and [[Leonore Annenberg]] || arts patrons
|-   
| data-sort-value="Calloway, Cab" | [[Cab Calloway|Cabell "Cab" Calloway]] || singer & bandleader 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Charles, Ray" | [[Ray Charles]] || singer & musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lomax Hawes, Bess" | [[Bess Lomax Hawes]] || folklorist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kunitz, Stanley" | [[Stanley Kunitz]] || poet & educator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Merrill, Robert" | [[Robert Merrill]] || baritone 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Miller, Arthur" | [[Arthur Miller]] || playwright 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Rauschenberg, Robert" | [[Robert Rauschenberg]] || artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Richards, Lloyd" | [[Lloyd Richards]] || theatrical director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Styron, William" | [[William Styron]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Taylor, Paul" | [[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]] || dancer & choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Wilder, Billy" | [[Billy Wilder]] || director, writer & producer 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1994 || data-sort-value="Belafonte, Harry" | [[Harry Belafonte]] || singer & actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Brubeck, Dave" | [[Dave Brubeck]] || jazz musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cruz, Celia" | [[Celia Cruz]] || singer  
|-   
| data-sort-value="DeLay, Dorothy" | [[Dorothy DeLay]] || violin teacher 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Harris, Julie" | [[Julie Harris (American actress)|Julie Harris]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hawkins, Erick" | [[Erick Hawkins]] || choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kelly, Gene" | [[Gene Kelly]] || actor & dancer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Seeger, Pete" | [[Pete Seeger]] || composer, lyricist, vocalist, banjo player 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Filene Shouse, Catherine" | [[Catherine Filene Shouse]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Thiebaud, Wayne" | [[Wayne Thiebaud]] || artist, teacher 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Wilbur, Richard" | [[Richard Wilbur]] || poet, teacher, critic, literary translator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Audiences, Young" | Young Audiences || arts presenter 
|-   
| rowspan="11"|1995 || data-sort-value="Albanese, Licia" | [[Licia Albanese]] || opera singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Brooks, Gwendolyn" | [[Gwendolyn Brooks]] || poet 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cantor, B. Gerald" | [[B. Gerald Cantor|B. Gerald]] and [[Iris Cantor]] || arts patrons
|-   
| data-sort-value="Davis, Ossie" | [[Ossie Davis]] and [[Ruby Dee]] || actors
|-   
| data-sort-value="Diamond, David" | [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]] || composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Freed, James Ingo" | [[James Ingo Freed]] || architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hope, Bob" | [[Bob Hope]] || entertainer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lichtenstein, Roy" | [[Roy Lichtenstein]] || painter, sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Mitchell, Arthur" | [[Arthur Mitchell (dancer)|Arthur Mitchell]] || dancer, choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Monroe, Bill" | [[Bill Monroe]] || bluegrass musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Gateways, Urban" | Urban Gateways || arts education organization 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1996 || data-sort-value="Albee, Edward" | [[Edward Albee]] || playwright 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Caldwell, Sarah" | [[Sarah Caldwell]] || opera conductor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Callahan, Harry" | [[Harry Callahan (photographer)|Harry Callahan]] || photographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Fichandler, Zelda" | [[Zelda Fichandler]] || theater director, producer, educator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Guerrero, Lalo" | [[Lalo Guerrero|Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero]] || composer, musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hampton, Lionel" | [[Lionel Hampton]] || musician, bandleader 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lewitzky, Bella" | [[Bella Lewitzky]] || dancer, choreographer, teacher 
|-   
| data-sort-value="List, Vera" | [[Vera List]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Redford, Robert" | [[Robert Redford]] || actor, director, producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sendak, Maurice" | [[Maurice Sendak]] || writer, illustrator, designer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sondheim, Stephen" | [[Stephen Sondheim]] || composer, lyricist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Harlem, Boys Choir of " | [[Boys Choir of Harlem]] || performing arts youth group 
|-   
| rowspan="11"|1997 || data-sort-value="Bourgeois, Louise" | [[Louise Bourgeois]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Carter, Betty" | [[Betty Carter]] || jazz vocalist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Gund, Agnes" | [[Agnes Gund]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kiley, Dan" | [[Dan Kiley|Daniel Urban Kiley]] || landscape architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lansbury, Angela" | [[Angela Lansbury]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Levine, James" | [[James Levine]] || opera conductor, pianist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Puente, Tito" | [[Tito Puente]] || Latin percussionist, musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Robards, Jason" | [[Jason Robards]] || actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Villella, Edward" | [[Edward Villella]] || dancer, choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Watson, Doc" | [[Doc Watson]] || bluegrass guitarist, vocalist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Colony, MacDowell" | [[MacDowell Colony]] || artist colony 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|1998 || data-sort-value="d'Amboise, Jacques" | [[Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)|Jacques d'Amboise]] || dancer, choreographer, educator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Domino, Fats" | [[Fats Domino|Antoine "Fats" Domino]] || rock 'n' roll pianist, singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Elliott, Ramblin' Jack" | [[Ramblin' Jack Elliott]] || folk singer, songwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Gehry, Frank" | [[Frank Gehry]] || architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Handman, Barbara" | [[Barbara Handman]] || arts advocate 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Martin, Agnes" | [[Agnes Martin]] || visual artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Peck, Gregory" | [[Gregory Peck]] || actor, producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Peters, Roberta" | [[Roberta Peters]] || opera singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Roth, Philip" | [[Philip Roth]] || writer 
|-   
|  [[Sara Lee Corporation]] || corporate arts patron 
|-   
|  [[Steppenwolf Theatre Company]] || arts organization 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Verdon, Gwen" | [[Gwen Verdon]] || actress, dancer 
|-   
| rowspan="11"|1999 || data-sort-value="Diamond, Irene" | [[Irene Diamond]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Franklin, Aretha" | [[Aretha Franklin]] || singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Graves, Michael" | [[Michael Graves]] || architect, designer 
|-   
|  [[Odetta]] || singer, music historian 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Juilliard" |  [[The Juilliard School]] || performing arts school 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lear, Norman" | [[Norman Lear]] || producer, writer, director, advocate 
|-   
| data-sort-value="LeNoire, Rosetta" | [[Rosetta LeNoire]] || actress, producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lichtenstein, Harvey" | [[Harvey Lichtenstein]] || arts administrator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Mendoza, Lydia" | [[Lydia Mendoza]] || singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sega, George" | [[George Segal (artist)|George Segal]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tallchief, Maria" | [[Maria Tallchief]] || ballerina 
|- 
|}

=== 2000s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"   
|-
! Year !! Name !! Area of Achievement   
|-     
| rowspan="12"|2000 || data-sort-value="Angelou, Maya" | [[Maya Angelou]] || poet, writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Arnold, Eddy" | [[Eddy Arnold]] || country singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Baryshnikov, Mikhail" | [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]] || dancer & director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Carter, Benny" | [[Benny Carter]] || jazz musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Close, Chuck" | [[Chuck Close]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Foote, Horton" | [[Horton Foote]] || playwright, screenwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Manilow, Lewis" | [[Lewis Manilow]] || arts patron 
|-   
|  [[National Public Radio]], cultural programming division || broadcaster 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Oldenburg, Claes" | [[Claes Oldenburg]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Perlman, Itzhak" | [[Itzhak Perlman]] || violinist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Prince, Harold" | [[Harold Prince]] || theater director, producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Streisand, Barbra" | [[Barbra Streisand]] || actress, singer & director 
|-   
| rowspan="8"|2001 ||  [[Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater|Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation]] || modern dance company and school 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Anaya, Rudolfo" | [[Rudolfo Anaya]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cash, Johnny" | [[Johnny Cash]] || singer & songwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Douglas, Kirk" | [[Kirk Douglas]] || actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Frankenthaler, Helen" | [[Helen Frankenthaler]] || painter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Jamison, Judith" | [[Judith Jamison]] || artistic director, choreographer, dancer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Ma, Yo-Yo" | [[Yo-Yo Ma]] || cellist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Nichols, Mike" | [[Mike Nichols]] || director, producer 
|-   
| rowspan="9"|2002 || data-sort-value="Knoll Bassett, Florence" | [[Florence Knoll Bassett]] || architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Brown, Trisha" | [[Trisha Brown]] || artistic director, choreographer, dancer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="de Montebello, Philippe" | [[Philippe de Montebello]] || museum director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hagen, Uta" | [[Uta Hagen]] || actress, drama teacher 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Halprin, Lawrence" | [[Lawrence Halprin]] || landscape architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hirschfeld, Al" | [[Al Hirschfeld]] || artist, illustrator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Jones, George" | [[George Jones]] || singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lee, Ming Cho " | [[Ming Cho Lee]] || theater designer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Robinson, Smokey" | [[Smokey Robinson|William "Smokey" Robinson]] || songwriter, musician 
|-   
| rowspan="10"|2003 ||  [[Austin City Limits]] || PBS television program 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cleary, Beverly" | [[Beverly Cleary]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Esquith, Rafe" | [[Rafe Esquith]] || arts educator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Farrell, Suzanne" | [[Suzanne Farrell]] || dancer, choreographer, company director, educator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Guy, Buddy" | [[Buddy Guy]] || blues musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Howard, Ron" | [[Ron Howard]] || actor, director & producer 
|-   
|  [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]] || choral group 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Slatkin, Leonard" | [[Leonard Slatkin]] || symphony orchestra conductor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Strait, George" | [[George Strait]] || country singer, songwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tune, Tommy" | [[Tommy Tune]] || dancer, actor, choreographer, director 
|-   
| rowspan="8"|2004 || data-sort-value="Mellon Foundation, Andrew W." | [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation]] || philanthropic foundation 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Bradbury, Ray" | [[Ray Bradbury]] || author 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Floyd, Carlisle" | [[Carlisle Floyd]] || opera composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hart, Frederick" | [[Frederick Hart (sculptor)|Frederick Hart]] || sculptor (posthumous) 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hecht, Anthony" | [[Anthony Hecht]] || poet 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Ruthven, John" | [[John Ruthven (artist)|John Ruthven]] || wildlife artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Scully, Vincent" | [[Vincent Scully]] || architectural historian & educator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tharp, Twyla" | [[Twyla Tharp]] || contemporary dance choreographer 
|-   
| rowspan="10"|2005 || data-sort-value="Auchincloss, Louis" | [[Louis Auchincloss]] || author 
|-   
| data-sort-value="DePreist, James" | [[James DePreist]] || symphony orchestra conductor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="D'Rivera, Paquito" | [[Paquito D'Rivera]] || jazz musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Duvall, Robert" | [[Robert Duvall]] || actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Garment, Leonard" | [[Leonard Garment]] || arts advocate 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Johnston, Ollie" | [[Ollie Johnston]] || pioneering film animator & artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Marsalis, Wynton" | [[Wynton Marsalis]] || jazz musician & educator 
|-   
|  [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] || arts education 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Ramirez, Tina" | [[Tina Ramirez]] || dancer & choreographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Parton, Dolly" | [[Dolly Parton]] || singer & songwriter 
|-   
| rowspan="10"|2006 || data-sort-value="Bolcom, William" | [[William Bolcom]] || composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Charisse, Cyd" | [[Cyd Charisse]] || actress & dancer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="DeCarava, Roy" | [[Roy DeCarava]] || photographer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Holladay, Wilhelmina" | [[Wilhelmina Holladay]] || arts patron 
|-   
|  [[Interlochen Center for the Arts]] || summer arts camp and winter arts focused boarding high school 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kunzel, Erich" | [[Erich Kunzel]] || conductor 
|-   
|  [[Preservation Hall Jazz Band]] || jazz ensemble 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Rabassa, Gregory" | [[Gregory Rabassa]] || literary translator 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Schreckengost, Viktor" | [[Viktor Schreckengost]] || industrial designer/sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Stanley, Ralph" | [[Ralph Stanley]] || bluegrass musician 
|-   
| rowspan="9"|2007 || data-sort-value="Lauridsen, Morten" | [[Morten Lauridsen]] || composer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Momaday, N. Scott" | [[N. Scott Momaday]] || author 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Noel, Craig" | [[Craig Noel]] || director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Neuberger, Roy" | [[Roy Neuberger]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Paul, Les" | [[Les Paul]] || electric guitar pioneer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Steinway, Henry Z." | [[Henry Z. Steinway]] || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tooker, George" | [[George Tooker]] || painter 
|-   
|  [[Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival]] ([[University of Idaho]]) || music festival 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Wyeth, Andrew" | [[Andrew Wyeth]] || painter 
|-   
| rowspan="10"|2008 || data-sort-value="Lee, Stan" | [[Stan Lee]] || comic book writer, editor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sherman, Richard M." | [[Sherman Brothers|Richard M. Sherman]] || songwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Sherman, Robert B." | [[Sherman Brothers|Robert B. Sherman]] || songwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="de Havilland, Olivia" | [[Olivia de Havilland]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Jones, Hank" | [[Hank Jones]] || jazz pianist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Moroles, Jesús" | [[Jesús Moroles]] || sculptor 
|-   
|  [[Ford's Theatre|Ford's Theatre Society]] || historic theatre organization 
|-   
|  [[Fisk Jubilee Singers]], ([[Fisk University]]) || African American choral group 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Limón, José" | [[José Limón|José Limón Dance Foundation]] || dance troupe 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Presser Company, Theodore" | [[Theodore Presser Company|The Presser Foundation]] || music philanthropy organization 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|2009 || data-sort-value="Dylan, Bob" | [[Bob Dylan]] || singer & songwriter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Eastwood, Clint" | [[Clint Eastwood]] || actor & director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Glaser, Milton" | [[Milton Glaser]] || graphic designer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lin, Maya" | [[Maya Lin]] || artist & architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Moreno, Rita" | [[Rita Moreno]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Norman, Jessye" | [[Jessye Norman]] || operatic soprano 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Riley, Joseph P." | [[Joseph P. Riley Jr.]] || mayor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Stella, Frank" | [[Frank Stella]] || artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Thomas, Michael Tilson " | [[Michael Tilson Thomas]] || conductor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Williams, John" | [[John Williams]] || composer, conductor & pianist 
|-   
|  [[Oberlin Conservatory of Music]] || 
|-   
| data-sort-value="American Ballet, School of" | [[School of American Ballet]] || 
|-  
|}

=== 2010s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"   
|-
! Year !! Name !! Area of Achievement   
|-    
| rowspan="10"|2010 || data-sort-value="Brustein, Robert" | [[Robert Brustein]] || theater director & producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Cliburn, Van" | [[Van Cliburn]] || classical pianist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="di Suvero, Mark" | [[Mark di Suvero]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hall, Donald" | [[Donald Hall]] || poet 
|-   
|  [[Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival]] ||  
|-   
| data-sort-value="Jones, Quincy" | [[Quincy Jones]] || composer & music producer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lee, Harper" | [[Harper Lee]] || novelist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Rollins, Sonny" | [[Sonny Rollins]] || jazz musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Streep, Meryl" | [[Meryl Streep]] || actress 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Taylor, James" | [[James Taylor]] || singer & songwriter 
|-   
| rowspan="8"|2011 || data-sort-value="Barnet, Will" | [[Will Barnet]] || artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Dove, Rita" | [[Rita Dove]] || poet 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Pacino, Al" | [[Al Pacino]] || actor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Pulitzer, Emily" | Emily Rauh Pulitzer || arts patron 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Puryear, Martin" | [[Martin Puryear]] || sculptor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tillis, Mel" | [[Mel Tillis]] || singer & songwriter 
|-   
|  [[United Service Organization]] (USO)|| provides programs and entertainment to the U.S. military and their families 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Watts, André" | [[André Watts]] || classical pianist 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|2012 || data-sort-value="Alpert, Herb" | [[Herb Alpert]] || musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Arison, Lin" | [[Lin Arison]] || arts education advocate 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Myers Brown, Joan" | [[Joan Myers Brown]] || dancer, choreographer and artistic director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Fleming, Renée" | [[Renée Fleming]] || opera singer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Gaines, Ernest" | [[Ernest Gaines]] || author & teacher 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kelly, Ellsworth" | [[Ellsworth Kelly]] || artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kushner, Tony" | [[Tony Kushner]] || playwright 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Lucas, George" | [[George Lucas]] || film director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="May, Elaine" | [[Elaine May]] || actress & director 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Olin, Laurie" | [[Laurie Olin]] || landscape architect 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Toussaint, Allen" | [[Allen Toussaint]] || composer, producer and performer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Washington Performing Arts Society" | Washington Performing Arts Society || arts presenter 
|-   
| rowspan="11"|2013 || data-sort-value="Alvarez, Julia" | [[Julia Alvarez]] || novelist, poet & essayist
|-   
| data-sort-value="Brooklyn Academy of Music" | [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]] || presenter 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Harris, Joan" |  Joan Harris || arts patron  
|-  
| data-sort-value="Jones, Bill T." | [[Bill T. Jones]] || dancer & choreographer
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kander, John" | [[John Kander]] || musical theater composer
|-   
| data-sort-value="Katzenberg, Jeffrey" | [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] || director and CEO of DreamWorks
|-   
| data-sort-value="Kingston, Maxine Hong" | [[Maxine Hong Kingston]] || writer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Maysles, Albert" | [[Albert Maysles]] || documentary filmmaker 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Ronstadt, Linda" | [[Linda Ronstadt]] || musician 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Tsien, Billie" "Williams, Tod" | [[Billie Tsien]] & [[Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects|Tod Williams]] || architects
|-   
| data-sort-value="Turrells, James" | [[James Turrell]] || visual artist 
|-   
| rowspan="11"|2014 || data-sort-value="Baldessari, John" | [[John Baldessari]] || visual artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Chong, Ping" | [[Ping Chong]] || theater director, choreographer, and video and installation artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Colón, Miriam" |  [[Míriam Colón]] || actress   
|-   
| data-sort-value="Duke" | The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation || supporting creative expression across the country   
|-   
| data-sort-value="Field, Sally" | [[Sally Field]] || actress and filmmaker 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Hamilton, Ann" | [[Ann Hamilton (artist)|Ann Hamilton]] || visual artist 
|-   
| data-sort-value="King, Stephen" | [[Stephen King]] || author 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Monk, Meredith" | [[Meredith Monk]] || composer, singer, and performer 
|-   
| data-sort-value="Shirley, George" | [[George Shirley]] || tenor 
|-   
| data-sort-value="University Musical Society" | [[University Musical Society]] || presenting the performing arts to communities in Michigan
|-   
| data-sort-value="Wolff, Tobias" | [[Tobias Wolff]] || author and educator 
|-   
| rowspan="12"|2015 || data-sort-value="Brooks, Mel" | [[Mel Brooks]] || actor, comedian, writer
|- 
| data-sort-value="Cisneros, Sandra" | [[Sandra Cisneros]] || author
|- 
| data-sort-value="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center" | [[Eugene O'Neill Theater Center]] || theater
|- 
| data-sort-value="Freeman, Morgan" | [[Morgan Freeman]] || actor
|- 
| data-sort-value="Glass, Philip" | [[Philip Glass]] || composer
|- 
| data-sort-value="Gordy, Berry" | [[Berry Gordy]] || record producer, songwriter
|- 
| data-sort-value="Jiménez, Santiago, Jr." | [[Santiago Jiménez, Jr.]] || musician
|- 
| data-sort-value="Kaufman, Moises" | [[Moises Kaufman]] || theater
|- 
| data-sort-value="Lemon, Ralph" | [[Ralph Lemon]] || dance
|- 
| data-sort-value="McDonald, Audra" | [[Audra McDonald]] || actor
|- 
| data-sort-value="Valdez, Luis" | [[Luis Valdez]] || playwright, actor, director
|- 
| data-sort-value="Whitten, Jack" | [[Jack Whitten]] || painter
|- class="sortbottom"
| 2016–<br />2018 || colspan="2" {{n/a|Not awarded}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-award-national-medal-arts-national-humanities-medal/|title=President Donald J. Trump to Award the National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal|website=The White House|language=en-US|date=17 November 2019|access-date=2021-02-25}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Alison|Krauss}}
|singer
|-
|{{sortname|Sharon Percy|Rockefeller}}
|arts supporter
|-
|[[United States military bands|The Musicians of the United States Military]]
|military musicians 
|-
|{{sortname|Jon|Voight}}
|actor
|-
|}

=== 2020s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"   
|-
! Year !! Name !! Area of Achievement   
|-   
| rowspan="5" |2020 <br/> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hutter|first=Victoria|date=January 15, 2021|title=National Endowment for the Arts Chairman Congratulates Recipients of the 2020 National Medal of Arts|url=https://www.arts.gov/about/news/2021/national-endowment-arts-chairman-congratulates-recipients-2020-national-medal-arts|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 25, 2021|website=arts.gov|language=en}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Toby|Keith}}
|country musician
|-
|{{sortname|Ricky|Skaggs}}
|country musician
|-
|{{sortname|Mary|Costa}}<ref name="trump2021">{{Cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-awarded-national-medal-arts-national-humanities-medal/|title=President Donald J. Trump Awarded the National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal|website=The White House|language=en-US|date=14 January 2021|access-date=2021-02-25}}</ref>
|operatic soprano
|-
|{{sortname|Nick|Ut}}<ref name="trump2021" />
|photojournalist
|-
|{{sortname|Earl A. "Rusty"|Powell, III|Earl A. Powell III}}<ref name="trump2021" />
|director, National Gallery of Art
|-
| rowspan="12" |2021 <br/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/bruce-springsteen-national-medal-arts-joe-biden/|title=Bruce Springsteen to get National Medal of Arts from Biden|website=CBS News|language=en-US|date=21 March 2023|access-date=2023-03-21}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Bruce|Springsteen}}
|musician
|-
|{{sortname|Gladys|Knight}}
|singer
|-
|{{sortname|Mindy|Kaling}}
|actress
|-
|{{sortname|Julia|Louis-Dreyfus}}
|actress
|-
|{{sortname|Jose|Feliciano}}
|singer
|-
|{{sortname|Vera|Wang}}
|fashion designer
|-
|{{sortname|Joan|Shigekawa}}
|film director
|-
|{{sortname|Judith|Francisca Baca}}
|artist
|-
|{{sortname|Fred|Eychaner}}
|businessman and philanthropist
|-
|{{sortname|Antonio|Martorell}}
|painter
|-
|The [[Billie Holiday]] Theatre
| theatre
|-
|[[The International Association of Blacks in Dance]]
| preserves and promotes dance by people of African ancestry or origin
|-
| rowspan="11" |2022 <br/> <ref>{{cite web |title=National Medal of Arts: 2022 |url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals/list?title=&field_year_value=2022 |website=National Endowment of the Arts |access-date=21 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Ruth|Asawa}}
|sculptor
|-
|{{sortname|Randy|Batista}}
|photographer
|-
|{{sortname|Clyde|Butcher}}
|photographer
|-
|[[Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum]]
|museum
|-
|{{sortname|Missy|Elliott}}
|musician
|-
|{{sortname|Flaco|Jiménez}}
|musician
|-
|{{sortname|Eva|Longoria}}
|actress
|-
|{{sortname|Idina|Menzel}}
|actress and musician
|-
|[[Herb Ohta|Herbert Ohta]]
|musician
|-
| data-sort-value="Sagan, Bruce" | Bruce Sagan || arts patron 
|-
|{{sortname|Carrie Mae|Weems}}
|artist
|-
| rowspan="9" |2023 <br/> <ref>{{cite web |title=National Medal of Arts: 2023 |url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals/list?title=&field_year_value=2023 |website=National Endowment of the Arts |access-date=21 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Mark|Bradford}}
|visual artist
|-
|{{sortname|Ken|Burns}}
|documentary filmmaker
|-
|{{sortname|Bruce|Cohen}}
|film producer
|-
|{{sortname|Alex|Katz}}
|visual artist
|-
|{{sortname|Jo Carole|Lauder}}
|arts patron
|-
|{{sortname|Spike|Lee}}
|film director
|-
|[[Queen Latifah]]
|musician and actress
|-
| data-sort-value="Quintanilla , Selena" | [[Selena|Selena Quintanilla]] || musician
|-
|{{sortname|Steven|Spielberg}}
|film director
|-
|}

==Declined honors==
In 1989, composer and conductor [[Leonard Bernstein]] refused his award, allegedly due to how a federal grant to an art show on AIDS had been revoked.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/16/arts/leonard-bernstein-refuses-the-national-medal-of-arts.html|title=Leonard Bernstein Refuses The National Medal of Arts|last=Kimmelman|first=Michael|date=1989-11-16|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1992, composer and lyricist [[Stephen Sondheim]] refused his award, claiming that the NEA had "become a victim of its own and others' political infighting and is rapidly being transformed into a conduit and a symbol of censorship and repression rather than encouragement and support".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/13/style/chronicle-054192.html|title=Chronicle|last=Brozan|first=Nadine|date=1992-05-13|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1997, poet [[Adrienne Rich]] refused her award as a protest against "inconsistencies" between art and "the cynical politics" of the [[presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton administration]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotink.com/8797.html|title=Hot Ink|website=hotink.com}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[National Humanities Medal]]
*[[National Medal of Science]]
*[[National Medal of Technology and Innovation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals National Endowment for the Arts]

{{National Medal of Arts recipients}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Medal Of Arts}}
[[Category:American patrons of the arts]]
[[Category:Arts awards in the United States]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1984]]
[[Category:Culture of Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of the United States|Arts, National Medal of]]
[[Category:Lists of artists]]
[[Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients| ]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]