View source for Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act

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{{Infobox U.S. legislation
| name            = Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act
| fullname        = An act to authorize funds for Federal-aid highways, highway safety programs, and transit programs, and for other purposes.
| acronym         = MAP-21
| nickname        = 
| enacted by      = 112th
| effective date  = 
| public law url  = 
| cite public law = {{USPL|112|141}}
| cite statutes at large = {{USStat|126|405}}
| acts amended    = {{ubl|[[Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century]]&nbsp;(MAP-21)|[[Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users]]&nbsp;(SAFETEA-LU)}}
| acts repealed   =
| title amended   =  [[Title 23 of the United States Code|23 U.S.C.: Highways]]<!--US code titles changed-->
| sections created = <!--{{USC}} can be used-->
| sections amended = {{USC|23|214}}
| leghisturl      = https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/4348
| introducedin    = House
| introducedbill  = {{USBill|112|HR|4348}}
| introducedby    = [[John Mica]] (R-[[Florida|FL]])
| introduceddate  = April 16, 2012
| committees      =
| passedbody1     = House
| passeddate1     = April 18, 2012
| passedvote1     = [http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2012/roll170.xml 293–127]
| passedbody2     = Senate
| passeddate2     = April 24, 2012
| passedvote2     = [[unanimous consent]], in lieu of {{USBill|112|S|1813}} passed March 14, 2012 [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=112&session=2&vote=00048 74–22]
| conferencedate  = June 28, 2012
| passedbody3     = House
| passeddate3     = June 29, 2012
| passedvote3     = [http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2012/roll451.xml 373–52]
| passedbody4     = Senate
| passeddate4     = June 29, 2012
| passedvote4     = [https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=112&session=2&vote=00172 74–19]
| signedpresident = [[Barack Obama]]
| signeddate      = July 6, 2012
| amendments      =
| SCOTUS cases    =
}}

The '''Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act''' ('''MAP-21''') is a funding and authorization bill to govern [[United States]] federal surface transportation spending. It was passed by Congress on June 29, 2012, and President [[Barack Obama]] signed it on July 6.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/30/us/politics/congress-approves-transportation-and-student-loan-package.html |title=Congress Approves a $127 Billion Transportation and Student Loan Package |first = Jonathan |last = Weisman |date=June 30, 2012 |work=The New York Times |page = A14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-signs-student-loans-highway-jobs-bill/|title=Obama signs student loans, highway jobs bill| first = Brian | last = Montopoli | publisher = CBS News | date = July 6, 2012}}</ref> The vote was 373–52 in the House of Representatives and 74–19 in the Senate.

The $105 billion two-year bill does not significantly alter total funding from the previous authorization, but does include many significant reforms. The [[Congressional Budget Office]] estimates that enacting MAP-21 will reduce the federal budget deficit over the 2012–22 period by $16.3 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/43368 |title=H.R. 4348, MAP-21 |date=June 29, 2012 |publisher= Congressional Budget Office}}</ref>

==Key provisions==
* The number of funding programs is consolidated by two-thirds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/118319-highway-bill-conference-report-released/ |title=Highway bill conference report released |first=Keith |last=Laing |date=June 28, 2012 |work=The Hill}}</ref>
* Shortfalls in the [[Highway Trust Fund]] resulting from insufficient [[fuel tax]]es are offset by transfers from the Treasury's general fund.<ref name=KirkCRS>{{cite report|last1=Kirk|last2=Frittelli|last3=Luther|last4=Mallett|last5=Peterman|title=Surface Transportation Funding and Programs Under MAP-21: Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (P.L. 112-141)|institution=Congressional Research Service|date=2012|docket=R42762}}</ref>
* The [[Environmental impact statement|environmental review process]] is reformed in an effort to speed up project development.  More projects will be categorically excluded from review, and there will be a four-year review deadline enforced with financial penalties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bna.com/final-transportation-bill-n12884910398/|title=Final Transportation Bill Includes Provisions To Streamline Environmental Review Process| date = June 29, 2012 | work = Bloomberg BNA | publisher =The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/06/29/508689/analysis-cutting-red-tape-in-transportation-bill-means-cutting-you-out-of-the-environmental-review-process/|title=Analysis: Cutting Red Tape In Transportation Bill Means Cutting You Out Of The Environmental Review Process| first = Christy | last = Goldfuss | publisher = ThinkProgress}}</ref>  (In 2011 the average review took 8.1 years.)<ref>Petra Todorovich and Daniel Schned. [http://www.rpa.org/library/pdf/RPA-Getting-Infrastructure-Going.pdf Getting Infrastructure Going: Expediting the Environmental Review Process.] Regional Plan Association. 2012.</ref>
* Funding for [[bicycle]] and [[pedestrian]] transportation (primarily via [[rail trail]]s) is reduced and consolidated into a broader program called "Transportation Alternatives." Half of this funding will go to [[metropolitan planning organization]]s and the other half will go to states, which may choose to use the funds for other purposes. Bicycle and rail trail advocates were highly critical of this change, anticipating a 60-70% drop in funding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/118391-bicyclists-oppose-bad-bill-for-biking-and-walking-in-highway-funding-compromise/|title=Bicyclists oppose 'bad bill for biking and walking' in highway funding compromise|first=Keith|last=Laing|date=June 28, 2012|work= The Hill}}</ref>
* A national freight policy will be developed.
* Tolling on federal highways is reformed. Mainstream tolling is now easier to implement in regards to new highways and expansion and repairs to existing ones. Also, [[electronic toll collection]] facilities had until October 1, 2016, to establish a nationwide interoperability agreement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/summaryinfo.cfm | title = Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21): A Summary of Highway Provisions | publisher = Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation | date = July 17, 2012 | author = Office of Policy and Governmental Affairs}}</ref>  No funding was provided, and no penalty was set for not meeting this deadline, and {{as of|2023|04|lc=y}} it has not been met.<ref>[https://www.ajc.com/news/local/gridlock-guy-linking-all-states-toll-roads-not-easy/CfYNrc181RosssgnjEiVCI/ Gridlock Guy: Linking all states’ toll roads not easy]</ref>  (See [[List of electronic toll collection systems]].)
* Banned federal funding for [[automated traffic enforcement]] outside of [[school zone]]s.<ref name="CRS">{{cite web |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46552 |title=Safety Impact of Speed and Red Light Cameras |date=September 28, 2020 |publisher=[[Congressional Research Service]] |author=David Randall Peterman}}</ref>

==Other provisions==
Several unrelated provisions were attached to the bill: a one-year extension of federal student loan rates through June 30, 2013; a five-year reauthorization of the [[National Flood Insurance Program]] through 2017; and a one-year extension to the [[Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000|Secure Rural Schools Act]], which compensates rural counties for loss of revenue caused by reduced timber harvest on federal lands.<ref name=union>{{cite news|url=http://www.uniondemocrat.com/News/Local-News/Timber-payments-get-Obamas-OK|title=Timber payments get Obama's OK|newspaper=[[The Union Democrat]]|date=July 11, 2012|access-date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> The bill also contains a provision allowing the State Department to revoke, deny, or limit [[passport]]s for anyone the [[Internal Revenue Service]] certifies as having "a seriously delinquent tax debt in an amount in excess of $50,000."<ref name=irs>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2012/04/05/owe-irs-youre-not-going-anywhere/ | url-status = dead |title=Owe the IRS? You're Not Going Anywhere | first = Diane | last = Macedo |publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=October 17, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408001738/http://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2012/04/05/owe-irs-youre-not-going-anywhere | archive-date = April 8, 2012}}</ref> The Act also made further changes to the [[Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Act (1970)|Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=MAP-21 AND ITS EFFECT ON THE URA |url=https://eweb.irwaonline.org/eweb/upload/web_sepoct12_Relo.pdf}}</ref>

==Revenue sources==
MAP-21 is funded without increasing transportation [[user fee]]s. (The federal [[fuel tax|gas tax]] was last raised in 1993.)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/gastax.cfm | title = Ask the Rambler: When did the Federal Government begin collecting the gas tax? | work = Highway History | publisher = Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation | date = November 18, 2015}}</ref>  Instead, funds were generated through the following measures:
* Repeal a requirement that the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] reimburse the difference in cost between shipping foreign food aid on a U.S.-flag vessel and a foreign-flag vessel
* Raise additional revenue by increasing the ability of business with excess assets in their pension funds to use them for retiree health and life insurance benefits, and by defining businesses that make roll-your-own machines available for consumer use as tobacco manufacturers
* Change the interest rate that pension plans use to measure their liabilities, increase pension premium rates for both variable and flat rate premium paid to the [[Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation]] and establish a cap on the variable rate premium
* Allow eligible federal employees to enter into a phased retirement, during which they continue to work part-time while drawing a partial salary and a partial civil service annuity

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-10008/uslm/COMPS-10008.xml MAP-21] as amended ([https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-10008/pdf/COMPS-10008.pdf PDF]/[https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-10008 details]) in the [[United States Government Publishing Office|GPO]] [https://www.govinfo.gov/help/comps Statute Compilations collection]
* [https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/112/public/141?link-type=pdf&.pdf MAP-21] as enacted ([https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/112/public/141?link-type=details details]) in the [[United States Statutes at Large|US Statutes at Large]]
* {{USBill|112|hr|4348}} on [[Congress.gov]]
* {{USBill|112|s|1813}} on Congress.gov

{{Barack Obama}}
{{US highway acts}}

[[Category:United States federal transportation legislation]]
[[Category:Acts of the 112th United States Congress]]
[[Category:2012 in American law]]