View source for International Atomic Energy Agency

{{short description|International organization}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox United Nations
| name = International Atomic Energy Agency
| logo = International Atomic Energy Agency Logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| map_caption = 
| type = [[International organization]]
| abbreviation = IAEA
| leader_title = Head
| leader_name = Director General<br />[[Rafael Grossi]]
| status = Active
| membership = [[Member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency|179 member states]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/about/governance/list-of-member-states|title=List of Member States|date=29 November 2024|website=www.iaea.org}}</ref>
| formation = {{start date and age|29 July 1957}}
| headquarters = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
| staff = 2556 (professional and general service staff)<ref>{{Cite web |last=(IAEA) |first=International Atomic Energy Agency |title=IAEA Annual Report 2022 |url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/reports/2022/gc67-2.pdf |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=www.iaea.org |page=6}}</ref>
| staff_year = 2022
| website = {{URL|https://www.iaea.org/|iaea.org}}
| parent_organization = 
| footnotes = 
}}

{{Location map many|World
| width       = 400
| float       = right

| border      = 
| caption     = 
IAEA's worldwide sites:<ref name="Offices" /><br />
In Europe:
* [[Vienna]] – Headquarters
* [[Geneva]] – Liaison Office
* [[Monaco]] – Laboratory/Research Centre
* [[Seibersdorf]] – Laboratory/Research Centre
* [[Trieste]] – Laboratory/Research Centre
In North America:
* [[New York City]] – Liaison Office
* [[Toronto]] – Regional Safeguard Office
In Asia:
* [[Tokyo]] – Regional Safeguard Office
| alt         = 
| relief      = 
| AlternativeMap = 
| label1      =  Vienna (HQ)
 | label1_size =  0
 | coordinates1=  {{coord|48.2327769|16.4135336}}
| label2      =   New York
 | label2_size =  0
 | position2   =  right
 | coordinates2=  {{coord|40.7504266|-73.9713254}}
| label3      =   Geneva
 | label3_size =  0
 | position3   =  top
 | coordinates3=  {{coord|46.226598|6.140363}}
| label4      =   Seibersdorf
 | label4_size =  0
 | position4   =  bottom
 | coordinates4=  {{coord|47.974992|16.510679}}
| label5      =   Monaco
 | label5_size =  0
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 | coordinates5=  {{coord|43.732477|7.423973}}
| label6      =   Toronto
 | label6_size =  0
 | coordinates6=  {{coord|43.671846|-79.377992}}
| label7      =   Tokyo
 | label7_size =  0
 | coordinates7=  {{coord|35.698681|139.749211}}
| label8      =   Trieste
 | label8_size =  0
 | coordinates8=  {{coord|45.703720|13.718481}}
}}

The '''International Atomic Energy Agency''' ('''IAEA''') is an [[intergovernmental organization]] that seeks to promote the peaceful use of [[nuclear technology|nuclear energy]] and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including [[nuclear weapon]]s. It was established in 1957 as an autonomous organization within the [[United Nations System|United Nations system]];<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-08 |title=History |url=https://www.iaea.org/about/overview/history |access-date=2022-09-08 |publisher=IAEA |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/IAEA%20factsheet.pdf IAEA Factsheet], {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413200825/https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/IAEA%20factsheet.pdf |date=13 April 2016}}, Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2015)</ref> though governed by its own founding [[treaty]], the organization reports to both the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] and the [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] of the [[United Nations]], and is headquartered at the [[United Nations Office at Vienna|UN Office at Vienna]], Austria.

The IAEA was created in response to growing international concern toward nuclear weapons, especially [[Cold War (1953–1962)|amid rising tensions]] between the foremost nuclear powers, the United States and the Soviet Union.<ref name="auto"/> U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower's "[[Atoms for Peace|Atoms for Peace" speech]], which called for the creation of an international organization to monitor the global proliferation of nuclear resources and technology, is credited with catalyzing the formation of the IAEA, whose treaty came into force on 29 July 1957 upon U.S. ratification.

The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation on the peaceful use of [[nuclear technology]] and [[nuclear power]] worldwide. It maintains several programs that encourage the development of peaceful applications of nuclear energy, science, and technology; provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and [[nuclear material]]s; and promote and implement [[nuclear safety]] (including [[radiation protection]]) and nuclear security standards. The organization also conducts research in nuclear science and provides technical support and training in nuclear technology to countries worldwide, particularly in the developing world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Atomic Energy Agency |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Atomic-Energy-Agency |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref>

Following the ratification of the [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons]] in 1968, all non-nuclear powers are required to negotiate a safeguards agreement with the IAEA, which is given the authority to monitor nuclear programs and to inspect nuclear facilities. In 2005, the IAEA and its  administrative head, Director General [[Mohamed ElBaradei]], were awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/about-us/nobel-peace-prize/iaea-2005|title=2005 – International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei|first=United|last=Nations|website=United Nations}}</ref>

==Missions==
[[File:Vienna International Center.jpg|thumb|right|Vienna International Center, location of IAEA Headquarters]]
The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions:
* '''Peaceful uses''': Promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy by its member states,
* '''Safeguards''': Implementing safeguards to verify that nuclear energy is not used for military purposes, and
* '''Nuclear safety''': Promoting high standards for nuclear safety.<ref name="IAEA Mission Statement">{{cite web|title=The IAEA Mission Statement|url=http://www.iaea.org/About/mission.html |publisher=IAEA |access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>

===Peaceful uses===
According to Article II of the IAEA Statute, the objectives of the IAEA are "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world" and to "ensure ... that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose."  Its primary functions in this area, according to Article III, are to encourage research and development, to secure or provide materials, services, equipment, and facilities for Member States, and to foster the exchange of scientific and technical information and training.<ref name="IAEA Statute">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/about/statute|title=The Statute of the IAEA|date=2 June 2014|publisher=IAEA}}</ref>

Three of the IAEA's six departments are principally charged with promoting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Nuclear Energy Department|url=http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/Main/about.html |publisher=IAEA |access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref> The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water, energy, health, biodiversity, and agriculture.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nuclear Techniques for Development and Environmental Protection|url=http://www-naweb.iaea.org/na/about-na/index.html|publisher=IAEA|access-date=29 January 2012|archive-date=22 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222095744/http://www-naweb.iaea.org/na/about-na/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States, through national, regional, and inter-regional projects through training, expert missions, scientific exchanges, and provision of equipment.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Technical Cooperation|url=http://www-tc.iaea.org/tcweb/abouttc/default.asp|publisher=IAEA|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>

===Safeguards===
Article II of the IAEA Statute defines the Agency's twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and "<nowiki>ensur[ing]</nowiki>, so far as it is able, that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose." To do this, the IAEA is authorized in Article III.A.5 of the Statute "to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials, services, equipment, facilities, and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose; and to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy."<ref name="IAEA Statute" />

The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission, through technical measures designed to verify the correctness and completeness of states' nuclear declarations.<ref>{{cite web|title=What We Do|url=http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/what.html|publisher=IAEA|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>

===Nuclear safety===
[[File:International policy system radiological protection.png|thumb|upright=2|International policy relationships in radiological protection]]
The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities. It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ($469&nbsp;million) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents. Its resources are used on the other two priorities: technical co-operation and preventing [[Nuclear proliferation|nuclear weapons proliferation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-08/un-s-atomic-regulator-funds-terror-fight-while-fukushima-response-starved.html |title=UN Atomic Agency Funds Anti-Terrorism, Not Safety |author=Jonathan Tirone |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=9 December 2011 |agency=Bloomberg}}</ref>

The IAEA itself says that, beginning in 1986, in response to the [[Chernobyl disaster|nuclear reactor explosion and disaster]] near [[Chernobyl, Ukraine]], the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of [[nuclear safety]].<ref name="Fischer 1997 2, 108–109" /> The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima, Japan.<ref name="International Atomic Energy Agency" />

In June 2011, the IAEA chief said he had "broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japan's Fukushima crisis". Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide, organized by the IAEA, have been proposed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-nuclear-safety-idUSTRE75N2F220110624 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101040533/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-nuclear-safety-idUSTRE75N2F220110624 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 January 2016 |title=IAEA Head Sees Wide Support for Stricter Nuclear Plant Safety |author=Sylvia Westall and Fredrik Dahl |date=24 June 2011 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:IAEA Expert Mission (02011232) (52318506586).jpg|thumb|The inspection team, led by Director-General [[Rafael Grossi]], Head of the Department of Nuclear Safety and Security [[Lydie Evrard]] and Head of the Department of Safeguards [[Massimo Aparo]], that on 1 September 2022 started IAEA's first inspection of a nuclear plant in a war zone, at [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant]] in Ukraine<ref name=nei-20220901>{{cite news |url=https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsiaea-team-begins-inspection-of-zaporizhzhia-npp-grossi-leaves-after-a-few-hours-9971589 |title=IAEA team begins inspection of Zaporizhzhia NPP; Grossi leaves after a few hours |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=1 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref><ref name=sky-20220901>{{cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/video/ukraine-war-explosion-near-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-power-plant-12687040 |title=Ukraine war: Explosion near Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant |publisher=Sky News |date=1 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref>]]
In 1946 [[United Nations Atomic Energy Commission]] was founded, but stopped working in 1949 and was disbanded in 1952. In 1953, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power (nuclear power), in his [[Atoms for Peace]] address to the UN General Assembly.<ref name=Fischer>{{cite book |url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1032_web.pdf |title=History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years |first=David |last=Fischer |year=1997 |publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency |isbn=978-92-0-102397-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030916084755/http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1032_web.pdf |archive-date=16 September 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Science and Diplomacy.">{{cite journal |url=http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2015/international-atomic-energy-agency |journal=Science and Diplomacy|date=22 June 2015 |title=The International Atomic Energy Agency: Linking Nuclear Science and Diplomacy |first=John |last=Brittain}}</ref> In September 1954, the United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of [[fissile material]], which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons. This agency would establish a kind of "nuclear bank".

The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power.<ref>{{cite web|title=60th Anniversary of the International Atomic Energy Agency|editor=William Burr|publisher=[[National Security Archive]]|url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault/2017-10-26/60th-anniversary-international-atomic-energy-agency-iaea|access-date=2 August 2018|date=26 October 2017}}</ref> By November 1954, it had become clear that the [[Soviet Union]] would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to disarmament first, but that a ''clearinghouse'' for nuclear transactions might be possible. From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. In October 1957, a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955–1957 by a group of twelve countries.<ref name=Fischer /> The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Statute of the IAEA|date=8 June 2016 |publisher=IAEA |url=http://www.iaea.org/about/about-statute}}</ref><ref name=IAEA_Statute>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/About/statute.html |title=Statute of the IAEA |publisher=IAEA |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>

Former US Congressman [[W. Sterling Cole]] served as the IAEA's first Director-General from 1957 to 1961. Cole served only one term, after which the IAEA was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades: the scientist [[Sigvard Eklund]] held the job from 1961 to 1981, followed by former [[Sweden|Swedish]] Foreign Minister [[Hans Blix]], who served from 1981 to 1997. Blix was succeeded as Director General by [[Mohamed ElBaradei]] of [[Egypt]], who served until November 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the IAEA: Former DG's |url=http://www.iaea.org/About/dg/former_dgs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211203223/https://www.iaea.org/About/dg/former_dgs.html |archive-date=2009-12-11 |publisher=IAEA}}</ref>

Beginning in 1986, in response to the [[Chernobyl disaster|nuclear reactor explosion and disaster]] near [[Chernobyl]], Ukraine, the IAEA increased its efforts in the field of [[nuclear safety]].<ref name="Fischer 1997 2, 108–109">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=David|title=History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years|year=1997|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|location=Vienna, Austria|isbn=978-92-0-102397-1|pages=2, 108–109|url=http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1032_web.pdf|quote=The Three Mile Island accident and especially the Chernobyl disaster persuaded governments to strengthen the IAEA's role in enhancing nuclear safety.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030916084755/http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1032_web.pdf|archive-date=16 September 2003|url-status=live}}</ref> The same happened after the 2011 [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster|Fukushima disaster]] in Fukushima, Japan.<ref name="International Atomic Energy Agency">{{cite web|title=IAEA Nuclear Safety Action Plan Approved by General Conference|date=22 September 2011|url=http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2011/actionplan.html|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|access-date=2 November 2013}}</ref>

Both the IAEA and its then Director General, ElBaradei, were awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2005. In his acceptance speech in Oslo, ElBaradei stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world, and that, if we hope to escape self-destruction, then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience, and no role in our security.<ref>{{cite web |last=ElBaradei |first=Mohamed |url=http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Statements/2005/ebsp2005n020.html |title=The Nobel Lecture |publisher=IAEA |date=10 December 2005 |access-date=16 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922063422/http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/2005/ebsp2005n020.html |archive-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 2 July 2009, [[Yukiya Amano]] of Japan was elected as the Director General for the IAEA,<ref>
{{cite news
 |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=81971
 |title=Japanese Diplomat Elected U.N. Nuclear Chief
 |work=The New York Times
 |date=2 July 2009
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511113612/http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=81971
 |archive-date=11 May 2011
 |df=dmy-all
}}

</ref> defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and [[Luis E. Echávarri]] of Spain. On 3 July 2009, the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano "by acclamation", and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved. He took office on 1 December 2009.<ref>
{{cite news
 | url = http://npsglobal.org/eng/index.php/news/139-peaceful-uses/636-japanese-diplomat-elected-un-nuclear-chief-.html
 | title = Amano in the frame for IAEA leadership
 | publisher = World Nuclear News
 | date = 2 July 2009
 | access-date = 2 July 2009}}
</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=81971 |title=Yukiya Amano says 'very pleased' at IAEA election |work=The News |date=2 July 2009 |access-date=2 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511113612/http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=81971 |archive-date=11 May 2011 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8131107.stm
 | title = Japan envoy wins UN nuclear post
 | publisher = BBC
 | date = 2 July 2009
 | access-date = 2 July 2009}}
</ref> After Amano's death,<ref>[https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/announcement Announcement], IAEA, 22 July 2019.</ref> his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General.<ref>[https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/designation-of-an-acting-director-general Designation of an Acting Director General], IAEA, 25 July 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.iaea.org/about/management-team/acting-director-general Acting Director General], IAEA.</ref>

On 2 August 2019, [[Rafael Grossi]] was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA.<ref name="presentacioncancilleria">{{cite news |title=Faurie presentará al candidato argentino para liderar el mayor organismo mundial en materia nuclear |url=https://www.mrec.gob.ar/es/destacados/faurie-presentara-al-candidato-argentino-para-liderar-el-mayor-organismo-mundial-en |access-date=30 October 2019 |agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship]] |date=2 August 2019}}</ref> On 28 October 2019, the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General, but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority (23 votes) in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors that was needed to be elected. The next day, 29 October, the second voting round was held, and Grossi won 24 votes.<ref name="timesil">{{cite news |title=Argentina's Rafael Grossi elected head of UN's nuclear watchdog |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/argentinas-rafael-grossi-elected-head-of-uns-nuclear-watchdog/ |access-date=30 October 2019 |agency=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="perfilelecto">{{cite news |title=El argentino Rafael Grossi dirigirá el órgano de control de energía nuclear de la ONU |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/internacional/argentino-rafael-grossi-dirigira-organo-control-energia-nuclear-onu.phtml |access-date=30 October 2019 |agency=[[Perfil]] |date=29 October 2019 |language=es}}</ref> He assumed office on 3 December 2019.  Following a special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment, on 3 December Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency.<ref>[https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-rafael-mariano-grossi-to-assume-office-as-director-general-on-3-december IAEA: Rafael Mariano Grossi to Assume Office as Director General on 3 December], IAEA Press Release 46/2019, 2 December 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rafael Mariano Grossi |url=https://www.iaea.org/about/rafael-grossi |access-date=11 February 2020 |agency=International Atomic Energy Agency |language=en}}</ref>

During the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Grossi visited Ukraine multiple times as part of the ongoing efforts to help prevent a nuclear accident during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War|war]]. He warned against any complacency towards the dangers that the [[Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant]], Europe's largest nuclear power plant, was facing. The plant has come under fire multiple times during the war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-08 |title=Update 210 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-210-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.iaea.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Structure and function==
{{multiple issues|section=yes|
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2020}}
{{Primary sources section|date=July 2020}}
}}

===General===
[[File:IAEA's plant breeding Unit Seibersdorf 04 (7554674346).jpg|thumb|A laboratory technician at the IAEA's Plant Breeding Unit in Seibersdorf checking on a phial containing a young banana plant]]
The IAEA's mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States, strategic plans, and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute (see below). Three main pillars – or areas of work – underpin the IAEA's mission: Safety and Security; Science and Technology; and Safeguards and Verification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IAEA |url=http://www.vienna-energy-club.at/index.php/organisations/iaea |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=www.vienna-energy-club.at}}</ref>

The IAEA as an autonomous organization is not under the direct control of the UN, but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council. Unlike most other specialized international agencies, the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council, and not with the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]]. The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document, the IAEA Statute (see below). The IAEA has three main bodies: the [[Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency|Board of Governors]], the [[General Conference (United Nations)|General Conference]], and the Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-02 |title=The Statute of the IAEA |url=https://www.iaea.org/about/statute |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=www.iaea.org |language=en}}</ref>

The IAEA exists to pursue the "safe, secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology" (Pillars 2005). The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions: the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use, providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities, and as a hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology.

The IAEA recognizes knowledge as the nuclear energy industry's most valuable asset and resource, without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically. Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the [[Nuclear Knowledge Management]], a formal program was established to address Member States' priorities in the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/nuclearenergy/nuclearknowledge/index.html|title=IAEA Nuclear Knowledge Management Programme}}</ref>

In 2004, the IAEA developed a [[Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy]] (PACT). PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish, to improve, or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs. The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and reduce the suffering of cancer victims.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cancer.iaea.org/index.asp |title=Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy |publisher=IAEA |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>

The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically the capability to manage a nuclear power program, including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group,<ref>[http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Infrastructure/ Nuclear Power Infrastructure], the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group (INIG), International Atomic Energy Agency.</ref> which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in [[Indonesia]], [[Jordan]], [[Thailand]] and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trendingtech.info/technology/iaea-ready-to-help-build-nuclear-power-plant-indonesia/ |title=IAEA Ready to Help Build Nuclear Power Plant Indonesia |publisher=Trendingtech.info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101192227/http://www.trendingtech.info/technology/iaea-ready-to-help-build-nuclear-power-plant-indonesia/ |archive-date=1 January 2011}}</ref> The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans.<ref>[http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2010/year-in-review.html IAEA Highlights in 2010], A Retrospective View of Year's Major Events.</ref>

To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning the seismic safety of nuclear facilities, in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre. This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection, site evaluation and seismic design.

The IAEA has its [[headquarters]] since its founding in [[Vienna]], Austria. The IAEA has two "Regional Safeguards Offices" which are located in [[Toronto]], Canada, and in [[Tokyo]], Japan. The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City, United States, and in [[Geneva]], Switzerland. In addition, the IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in [[Seibersdorf]], Austria, in [[Monaco]] and in [[Trieste]], Italy.<ref name="Offices">{{cite web |url=https://www.iaea.org/contact |title=IAEA Offices and Contact Information |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=International Atomic Energy Agency |access-date=29 November 2018 }}</ref>

===Board of Governors===
[[File:058R31250879 Tag der offenen Tür in der UNO City.jpg|thumb|right|"UNO City" another name for the Vienna office complex in which is located IAEA Headquarters]]
{{Main|Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency}}
The Board of Governors is one of two policy-making bodies of the IAEA. The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference, and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board. The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology, plus the most advanced members from any of the following [[IAEA Areas|areas]] that are not represented by the first ten: North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East, and South Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific, and the Far East. These members are designated for one year terms. The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms. Eleven are elected each year. The 22 elected members must also represent a stipulated geographic diversity.

The Board, in its five-yearly meetings, is responsible for making most of the policies of the IAEA. The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget, is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director-General subject to General Conference approval. Board members each receive one vote. Budget matters require a two-thirds majority. All other matters require only a simple majority. The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority. Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote. The Board elects its own chairman.

===General Conference===
The [[General Conference (United Nations)|General Conference]] is made up of all 179 member states. It meets once a year, typically in September, to approve the actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors. The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question (Statute). Each member receives one vote. Issues of budget, Statute amendment and suspension of a member's privileges require a two-thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority. Similar to the Board, the General Conference can, by simple majority, designate issues to require a two-thirds majority. The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting. The President only serves for the duration of the session (Statute).

The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies. Any of the other IAEA organs, the Director-General, the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference (IAEA Primer). This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly of the United Nations]].

===Secretariat===
The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA. The Secretariat is headed by the Director General. The Director General is responsible for enforcement of the actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference. The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms. The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA: Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Safety and Security, Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Safeguards, Technical Cooperation, and Management.

The IAEA budget is in two parts. The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation (€344 million in 2014).<ref name=budget2014>{{cite web | title= IAEA Regular Budget for 2014 |url=http://www.iaea.org/About/budget.html |access-date= 7 June 2014}}</ref> The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$90&nbsp;million range.<ref name=budget2014 />

===Criticism===
[[File:IAEA Experts at Fukushima (02813336).jpg|thumb|IAEA experts at [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] Unit 4]]

In 2011, Russian nuclear accident specialist Yuliy Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima, and says that the IAEA did not learn from the 1986 [[Chernobyl disaster]]. He has accused the IAEA and corporations of "wilfully ignoring lessons from the world's worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industry's expansion".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chernobyl-clean-up-expert-slams-japan-idUSTRE72E7AL20110315 |title=Chernobyl clean-up expert slams Japan, IAEA |author=Michael Shields |date=15 March 2011 |work=Reuters }}</ref> The IAEA's role "as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests".<ref name=iaea2011/>

The journal ''Nature'' has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]] in Japan was "sluggish and sometimes confusing", drawing calls for the agency to "take a more proactive role in nuclear safety". But nuclear experts say that the agency's complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily, although its [[International Nuclear Event Scale|INES]] "emergency scale is very likely to be revisited" given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan.<ref name=iaea2011>{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110426/full/472397a.html |title=Nuclear agency faces reform calls |author=Geoff Brumfiel |date=26 April 2011 |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7344 |pages=397–398 |doi=10.1038/472397a |pmid=21528501 }}</ref>

Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that the nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight, leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide.<ref name=csmon/> There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of [[University of Southern California]]:
<blockquote>
It recommends safety standards, but member states are not required to comply; it promotes nuclear energy, but it also monitors nuclear use; it is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry, yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).<ref name=csmon>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0317/Japan-nuclear-crisis-sparks-calls-for-IAEA-reform |title=Japan nuclear crisis sparks calls for IAEA reform |first=Stephen|last=Kurczy |date=17 March 2011 |work=The Christian Science Monitor }}</ref>
</blockquote>

In 2011, the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that "the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold".<ref>{{cite journal |title=A watchdog with bite |date=28 April 2011 |doi=10.1038/472389a |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7344|pages=389 |pmid=21525887 |bibcode=2011Natur.472Q.389. |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Membership==
[[File:IAEA member states.svg|thumb|upright=1.25|{{legend|#008000|Member states}}
{{legend|#ffff00|Observer states}}
{{legend|orange|Membership withdrawn}}
{{legend|#ff1111|Non-members}}
]]
{{main|Member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency}}

The process of joining the IAEA is fairly simple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/process.html |title=Process of becoming a member state of the IAEA |publisher=IAEA |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref> Normally, a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join, and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration. If the Board recommends approval, and the General Conference approves the application for membership, the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States, which functions as the depositary Government for the IAEA Statute. The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited. The United States then informs the IAEA, which notifies other IAEA Member States. Signature and ratification of the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]] (NPT) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA.

The IAEA has 179 member states.<ref name=members>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/|title=Member States of the IAEA|access-date=16 September 2013|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency}}</ref> Most [[List of United Nations member states|UN members]] and the [[Holy See]] are Member States of the IAEA.<!--Non-member state [[Guinea]] (2020) has been approved for membership and will become a Member State if they deposit the necessary legal instruments.--><ref name=members/>

Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA. North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994, but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1994/infcirc447.PDF|title=NFCIRC/447 – The Withdrawal of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from the International Atomic Energy Agency|date=21 June 1994|access-date=16 January 2014|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103212338/http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1994/infcirc447.PDF|archive-date=3 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nicaragua became a member in 1957, withdrew its membership in 1970, and rejoined in 1977,<ref name=nicaraguacirc>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1960/infcirc2r60.pdf|title=The Members of the Agency|date=10 February 2005|access-date=3 November 2014|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103212410/http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1960/infcirc2r60.pdf|archive-date=3 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=nicaraguacirc2>{{cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1963/infcirc42r7.PDF|title=Actions taken by states in connection with the Statute|date=9 July 1971|access-date=14 February 2015|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214235107/https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1963/infcirc42r7.PDF|archive-date=14 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Honduras joined in 1957, withdrew in 1967, and rejoined in 2003,<ref name=hondurascirc>{{cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1963/infcirc42r4.PDF|title=Actions taken by states in connection with the Statute|date=18 September 1967|access-date=14 February 2015|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214235302/https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1963/infcirc42r4.PDF|archive-date=14 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> while Cambodia joined in 1958, withdrew in 2003, and rejoined in 2009.<ref name=cambodia>{{cite web|url=http://ola.iaea.org/ola/FactSheets/CountryDetails.asp?country=KH|title=Cambodia, Kingdom of|access-date=10 September 2013|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency}}</ref><ref name=cambodiacirc>{{cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1960/infcirc2r58.pdf|title=The Members of the Agency|date=6 May 2003|access-date=14 February 2015|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215005020/https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1960/infcirc2r58.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cambodiacirc2>
{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1959/infcirc2r68.pdf|title=The Members of the Agency|date=9 December 2009|access-date=3 November 2014|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103211910/http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1959/infcirc2r68.pdf|archive-date=3 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Regional Cooperative Agreements==
There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA, that share information, and organize conferences within their regions:

===AFRA===
The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology (AFRA):<ref>{{cite web|title=List of States|url=http://www.afra-iaea.org.dz/index.php/en/member-states/list-of-states|website=www.afra-iaea.org.dz|publisher=AFRA – IAEA|access-date=20 April 2017|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518042031/http://www.afra-iaea.org.dz/index.php/en/member-states/list-of-states|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*{{DZA}}
*{{TCD}}
*{{KEN}}
*{{MAR}}
*{{ZAF}}
*{{AGO}}
*{{CIV}}
*{{LSO}}
*{{MOZ}}
*{{SDN}}
*{{BEN}}
*{{COD}}
*{{LBY}}
*{{NAM}}
*{{TZA}}
*{{BWA}}
*{{EGY}}
*{{MDG}}
*{{NER}}
*{{TUN}}
*{{BFA}}
*{{ERI}}
*{{MWI}}
*{{NGA}}
*{{UGA}}
*{{BDI}}
*{{ETH}}
*{{MLI}}
*{{SEN}}
*{{ZMB}}
*{{CMR}}
*{{GAB}}
*{{MRT}}
*{{SYC}}
*{{ZWE}}
*{{CAF}}
*{{GHA}}
*{{MUS}}
*{{SLE}}
}}

===ARASIA===
Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research, Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology (ARASIA):<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Work: ARASIA|url=https://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/Regions/Asia-and-the-Pacific/ARASIA/index.html|website=www.iaea.org|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*{{IRQ}}
*{{JOR}}
*{{LBN}}
*{{SAU}}
*{{OMN}}
*{{QAT}}
*{{SYR}}
*{{ARE}}
*{{YEM}}
}}

===RCA===
Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific (RCA):<ref>{{Cite web |title=RCA Regional Office |url=https://www.rcaro.org/s_map |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=www.rcaro.org}}</ref>

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*{{AUS}}
*{{BGD}}
*{{KHM}}
*{{CHN}}
*{{FJI}}
*{{IND}}
*{{IDN}}
*{{JAP}}
*{{KOR}}
*{{LAO}}
*{{MYS}}
*{{MNG}}
*{{MMR}}
*{{NPL}}
*{{NZL}}
*{{PAK}}
*{{PLW}}
*{{PHL}}
*{{SGP}}
*{{LKA}}
*{{THA}}
*{{VNM}}
}}

===ARCAL===
[[File:IAEA_Fellows_Latin_America_(05410322)_(51901906567).jpg|thumb|Latin American IAEA Fellows at the Regional Training Course on [[mutation breeding|Mutation Breeding]] and Efficiency Enhancing Techniques for Resistance to [[banana fusarium wilt|Banana Fusarium Wilt]] [[Panama_disease#Tropical_Race_4|TR4]], 2022]]
Cooperation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean (ARCAL):<ref>{{cite web|title=Miembros(Members) ARCAL|url=http://www.arcal-lac.org/sobre-nosotros/miembros/|website=www.arcal-lac.org|publisher=arcal-lac|access-date=20 April 2017|language=es-ES}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*{{ARG}}
*{{BOL}}
*{{BRA}}
*{{CHL}}
*{{COL}}
*{{CRI}}
*{{CUB}}
*{{ECU}}
*{{SLV}}
*{{GTM}}
*{{HTI}}
*{{HND}}
*{{JAM}}
*{{MEX}}
*{{NIC}}
*{{PAN}}
*{{PRY}}
*{{PER}}
*{{DOM}}
*{{URY}}
*{{VEN}}
}}

==List of directors general==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Name !! Nationality !! Duration !! Duration (years)
|-
|[[W. Sterling Cole]] ||{{flagicon|USA}} American || 1 December 1957 – 30 November 1961||4
|-
|[[Sigvard Eklund]] ||{{flagicon|SWE}} Swedish || 1 December 1961 – 30 November 1981||20
|-
|[[Hans Blix]] ||{{flagicon|SWE}} Swedish || 1 December 1981 – 30 November 1997||16
|-
|[[Mohamed ElBaradei]] ||{{flagicon|EGY}} Egyptian || 1 December 1997 – 30 November 2009||12
|-
|[[Yukiya Amano]] ||{{flagicon|JPN}} Japanese || 1 December 2009 – 18 July 2019||9
|-
|[[Cornel Feruță]] (Acting) ||{{flagicon|ROU}} Romanian || 25 July 2019 – 2 December 2019 ||0.33
|-
|[[Rafael Grossi]] ||{{flagicon|ARG}} Argentine || 3 December 2019 – present ||{{Age|2019|12|3}}
|}

==Publications==
Typically issued in July each year, the IAEA Annual Report summarizes and highlights developments over the past year in major areas of the Agency's work. It includes a summary of major issues, activities, and achievements, and status tables and graphs related to safeguards, safety, and science and technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/publications/reports%7Cwork%3DIAEA|title=&#124; IAEA|website=www.iaea.org}}</ref> Alongside the Annual Report, the IAEA also issues Topical Reviews which detail specific sectors of its work, comprising the Nuclear Safety Review, Nuclear Security Review, Safeguards Implementation Report, Nuclear Technology Review, and Technical Cooperation Report.

=== IAEA Annual Report 2022 ===
In the 2022 Annual Report, the IAEA demonstrated its commitment to its objectives despite global challenges. The report showcases the IAEA's initiatives aimed at fostering the safe, secure, and peaceful applications of [[nuclear technology]]. The agency's "Rays of Hope" initiative marked an effort to reduce disparities in cancer treatment by increasing the availability of radiation medicine, with a particular emphasis on [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa|African nations]], in partnership with relevant professional societies and the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). In response to the emergent threat posed by [[Zoonosis|zoonotic diseases]], the IAEA instituted the [https://www.iaea.org/services/zodiac Zoonotic Disease Integrated Action] (ZODIAC) initiative, which encourages international cooperation with member states, the WHO, and the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), to enhance preparedness and response. The "NUTeC Plastics" initiative reflects the agency's engagement with environmental concerns, utilizing nuclear technology to address the growing problem of plastic pollution. The IAEA also made strides in the field of [[Nuclear power|nuclear energy]] with the introduction of the [https://www.iaea.org/services/key-programmes/smr-platforms-nhsi Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative] (NHSI), aiming to harmonize regulatory standards to facilitate the deployment of small modular reactors, a critical component in the global pursuit of [[net-zero emissions]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=(IAEA) |first=International Atomic Energy Agency |title=IAEA Annual Report 2022: Overview |url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/reports/2022/gc67-2-overview.pdf |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=www.iaea.org}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* [[European Organization for Nuclear Research]]
* [[Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism]]
* [[IAEA Areas]]
* [[Institute of Nuclear Materials Management]]
* [[International Energy Agency]]
* [[International Renewable Energy Agency]]
* [[International Radiation Protection Association]]
* [[International reaction to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]]
* [[Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents]]
* [[List of states with nuclear weapons]]
* [[Nuclear ambiguity]]
* [[Nuclear Energy Agency]]
* [[OPANAL]]
* [[Proliferation Security Initiative]]
* [[United Nations Atomic Energy Commission]] (UNAEC)
* [[World Association of Nuclear Operators]]
* [[World Nuclear Association]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal inline|Nuclear technology}} {{Portal inline|Energy}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Works cited===
* [http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/Board/bgrules1.html Board of Governors rules]
* [http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Factsheets/English/iaea-primer.pdf IAEA Primer]
* [http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/index.html Pillars of nuclear cooperation 2005]
* [http://rpop.iaea.org/RPoP/RPoP/Content/index.htm Radiation Protection of Patients]

==Further reading==

* Adamson, Matthew. "Showcasing the international atom: the IAEA Bulletin as a visual science diplomacy instrument, 1958–1962." ''British Journal for the History of Science'' (2023): 1–19.

* Fischer, David. ''History of the international atomic energy agency. The first forty years'' (1. International Atomic Energy Agency, 1997) [https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/29/018/29018219.pdf online].
* Holloway, David. "The Soviet Union and the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency." ''Cold War History'' 16.2 (2016): 177–193.
* Roehrlich, Elisabeth. "The Cold War, the developing world, and the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1953–1957." ''Cold War History'' 16.2 (2016): 195–212.

* Roehrlich, Elisabeth. ''Inspectors for peace: A history of the International Atomic Energy Agency'' (JHU Press, 2022); full text online in Project MUSE; see also [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=60031 online scholarly review of this book] 

* Scheinman, Lawrence. ''The international atomic energy agency and world nuclear order'' (Routledge, 2016) [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5jDCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22International+Atomic+Energy+Agency%22&pg=PP1 online].
* Stoessinger, John G. "The International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Phase." ''International Organization'' 13.3 (1959): 394–411.

==External links==
{{Commons category|International Atomic Energy Agency}}
{{Wikisource|Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency}}
* [https://www.iaea.org/ International Atomic Energy Agency Official Website]
* [https://www.iaea.org/resources/nucleus-information-resources NUCLEUS – The IAEA Nuclear Knowledge and Information Portal]
* {{YouTube|channel=UCJjzF7cdxa0jZv_fDE_wm4A|Official IAEA}}
* [http://www.jus.uio.no/english/services/library/treaties/14/14-04/immunities-atomic-agency.xml Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency], 1 July 1959
* [https://www.iaea.org/services/technical-cooperation-programme IAEA Department of Technical Cooperation website]
* [https://www.iaea.org/services/key-programmes/programme-of-action-for-cancer-therapy-pact Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT) – Comprehensive Cancer Control Information and Fighting Cancer in Developing Countries]
* [[INLN|International Nuclear Library Network (INLN)]]
*[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/nuclear-history-documents/ The Woodrow Wilson Center's Nuclear Proliferation International History Project] or NPIHP is a global network of individuals and institutions engaged in the study of international nuclear history through archival documents, oral history interviews and other empirical sources.
* {{Nobelprize}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Wangari Muta Maathai]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize Laureate]]<br /><small>with [[Mohamed ElBaradei]]</small>|years=2005}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Grameen Bank]]<br />and<br />[[Muhammad Yunus]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{United Nations}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 2001-2025}}
{{2005 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:International Atomic Energy Agency]]
[[Category:International nuclear energy organizations]]
[[Category:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes]]
[[Category:Nuclear proliferation]]
[[Category:Atoms for Peace]]
[[Category:International organisations based in Austria]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1957]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1957]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Austria]]
[[Category:1957 in international relations]]