View source for Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

{{Short description|Bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department}}

{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name     = Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
| logo            = 
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| seal            = FinCEN.svg
| seal_width      = 160px
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| formed          = {{Start date and age|1990|4|25}}
| headquarters    = [[Vienna, Virginia]]
| employees       = 
| budget          = $114.222 million (2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title= FY 2019 Budget in Brief: Financial Crimes and Enforcement Network |url=https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/266/13.-FinCEN-BIB-FY2019.pdf |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury |access-date=March 18, 2021}}</ref>
| chief1_name     = Director
| chief1_position = [[Andrea Gacki]]
| parent_agency   = [[Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence]]
| website         = {{URL|https://www.fincen.gov/}}
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}}

The '''Financial Crimes Enforcement Network''' ('''FinCEN''') is a bureau within the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] that collects and analyzes information about financial transactions to combat domestic and international [[money laundering]], [[terrorist financing]], and other [[financial crimes]].

==Mission==
FinCEN's stated mission is "safeguard the financial system from illicit activity, counter money laundering and the financing of terrorism, and promote national security through strategic use of financial authorities and the collection, analysis, and dissemination of financial intelligence."<ref>{{Cite web |title=FinCEN - Mission |url=https://www.fincen.gov/about/mission |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091702/https://www.fincen.gov/about/mission |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=November 1, 2024 |website=[[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]]}}</ref> FinCEN serves as the U.S. [[Financial Intelligence Unit]] (FIU) and is one of 147 FIUs making up the [[Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units]]. FinCEN's self-described motto is "[[follow the money]]." The website states: "The primary motive of criminals is financial gain, and they leave financial trails as they try to launder the proceeds of crimes or attempt to spend their ill-gotten profits."<ref name="what">{{Cite web |title=FinCEN - What we do |url=https://www.fincen.gov/what-we-do/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114084607/https://www.fincen.gov/what-we-do/ |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=13 November 2016 |website=FinCEN website |publisher=FinCEN}}</ref> It is a network bringing people and information together, by coordinating [[information sharing]] with law enforcement agencies, regulators and other partners in the [[financial services|financial industry]].<ref name=what/>

==History==
FinCEN was established by order of the [[Secretary of the Treasury]] (Treasury Order Numbered 105-08) on April 25, 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of The Treasury Order 105-08 |url=https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/EstablishingFinCEN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929104949/https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/EstablishingFinCEN.pdf |archive-date=September 29, 2024 |access-date=November 1, 2024 |website=[[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]]}}</ref> In May 1994, its mission was broadened to involve regulatory responsibilities, and in October 1994 the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury Department]]'s precursor of FinCEN, the Office of Financial Enforcement, was merged with FinCEN.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network |url=https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/FincenOurStory.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002050258/https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/FincenOurStory.pdf |archive-date=October 2, 2024 |access-date=November 1, 2024 |website=[[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]]}}</ref> On September 26, 2002, after [[Patriot Act, Title III|Title III of the PATRIOT Act]] was passed, Treasury Order 180-01<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2003 |title=TREASURY ORDER 180-01 |url=http://www.treasury.gov/about/role-of-treasury/orders-directives/Pages/to180-01.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306202056/http://www.treasury.gov/about/role-of-treasury/orders-directives/Pages/to180-01.aspx |archive-date=6 March 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |publisher=U.S. Dept Treasury}}</ref> made it an official bureau in the Department of the Treasury.

Since 1995, FinCEN has employed the FinCEN Artificial Intelligence System (FAIS).<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-03678-5_15 | doi=10.1007/978-3-662-03678-5_15 | chapter=The FinCEN AI System: Finding Financial Crimes in a Large Database of Cash Transactions | title=Agent Technology | date=1998 | last1=Goldberg | first1=H. G. | last2=Senator | first2=T. E. | pages=283–302 | isbn=978-3-642-08344-0 }}</ref>

In September 2012, FinCEN's information technology called FinCEN Portal and Query System, migrated with 11 years of data into FinCEN Query, a search engine similar to [[Google]]. It is a "one stop shop"{{sic}} accessible via the FinCEN Portal allowing broad searches across more fields than before and returning more results. Since September 2012 FinCEN generates 4 new reports: Suspicious Activity Report (FinCEN SAR), Currency Transaction Report (FinCEN CTR), the Designation of Exempt Person (DOEP) and Registered Money Service Business (RMSB).<ref name="FinCEN">{{Cite web |title=FinCEN - FinCEN's IT Modernization Efforts FAQs |url=http://www.fincen.gov/about_fincen/wwd/ITModernizationEffortsFAQ.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217205349/http://www.fincen.gov/about_fincen/wwd/ITModernizationEffortsFAQ.html |archive-date=17 February 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |website=FinCEN website |publisher=FinCEN}}</ref>

==Organization==
[[Image:FinCEN organization 2006.jpg|350px|right|thumb|FinCEN organization chart]]
As of November 2013, FinCEN employed approximately 340 people, mostly intelligence professionals with expertise in the [[financial industry]], illicit finance, [[financial intelligence]], the AML/CFT ([[anti-money laundering]] / [[combating the financing of terrorism]]) regulatory regime, computer technology, and enforcement".<ref name="FinCENDir">{{Cite web |last=Shasky Calvery |first=Jennifer |date=November 18, 2013 |title=Statement of Jennifer Shasky Calvery, Director Financial Crimes Enforcement Network US Department of the Treasury Before the US Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs |url=http://www.hsgac.senate.gov/hearings/beyond-silk-road-potential-risks-threats-and-promises-of-virtual-currencies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326201119/http://www.hsgac.senate.gov/hearings/beyond-silk-road-potential-risks-threats-and-promises-of-virtual-currencies |archive-date=26 March 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |publisher=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network}}</ref> The majority of the staff are permanent FinCEN personnel, with about 20 long-term detailees assigned from 13 different regulatory and law enforcement agencies.<ref name=FinCEN /> FinCEN shares information with dozens of intelligence agencies, including the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms]]; the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]; the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]; the [[U.S. Secret Service]]; the [[Internal Revenue Service]]; the [[United States Customs Service|Customs Service]]; and the [[U.S. Postal Inspection Service]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2017 |title=FinCEN Launches “FinCEN Exchange” to Enhance Public-Private Information Sharing |url=https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-launches-fincen-exchange-enhance-public-private-information-sharing |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=[[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]]}}</ref>

===FinCEN directors===
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2023}}
* Brian M. Bruh (1990–1993)
* Stanley E. Morris (1994–1998)
* [[James F. Sloan]] (April 1999 – October 2003)
* William J. Fox (December 2003 – February 2006)
* [[Robert Werner Duemling]] (March 2006 – December 2006)
* [[James Freis|James H. Freis, Jr.]] (March 2007 – August 2012) 
* [[Jennifer Shasky Calvery]] (September 2012 – May 2016)
* Jamal El-Hindi (Acting, June 2016 – November 2017)
* Kenneth Blanco (November 2017 – April 2021) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treasury Announces Ken Blanco as FinCEN Director |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/sm0213.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715163010/https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/sm0213.aspx |archive-date=2019-07-15 |access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>
* Michael Mosier (Acting, April 2021 – August 2021) <ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/fincen-names-new-acting-director-begins-search-for-permanent-chief-11628038130 "FinCEN Names New Acting Director, Begins Search for Permanent Chief"] The Wall Street Journal, August 3, 2021. Retrieved June 1, 2023.</ref>
* Himamauli Das (Acting, August 2021 – ???) <ref>[https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-announces-new-acting-director "FinCEN Announces New Acting Director"] Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, August 3, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2022.</ref>
* [[Andrea Gacki]] (July 2023 - Present)<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2023 |title=The Treasury Department Announces Andrea Gacki as the New Director of FinCEN |url=https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/treasury-department-announces-andrea-gacki-new-director-fincen |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=United States Department of the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network {{!}} FinCEN.gov}}</ref>

==314 program==
The 2001 [[USA PATRIOT Act]] required the [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]] to create a secure network for the transmission of information to enforce the relevant regulations. FinCEN's regulations under Section 314(a) enable federal law enforcement agencies, through FinCEN, to reach out to more than 45,000 points of contact at more than 27,000 financial institutions to locate accounts and transactions of persons that may be involved in terrorist financing and/or money laundering. A web interface allows the person(s) designated in §314(a)(3)(A) to register and transmit information to FinCEN. The partnership between the financial community and law enforcement allows disparate bits of information to be identified, centralized, and rapidly evaluated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appendix A – Financial Crimes enforcement network programs |url=https://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/files/Appendix_A.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302170055/http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/files/Appendix_A.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2013 |access-date=23 August 2016 |publisher=FinCEN}}</ref>

==Hawala==
As early as 2003 FinCEN disseminated information on "[[informal value transfer system]]s" (IVTS), including [[hawala]], a network of people receiving money for the purpose of making the funds payable to a third party in another geographic location,... generally taking place outside of the conventional banking system through non-bank financial institutions or other business entities whose primary business activity may not be the transmission of money.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2003 |title=Informal Value Transfer Systems |url=http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/advisory/pdf/advis33.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630205556/http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/advisory/pdf/advis33.pdf |archive-date=30 June 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |website=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network FinCEN Advisory |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury}}</ref> On September 1, 2010, FinCEN issued a guidance on IVTS referencing ''[[United States v. Banki]]'' and hawala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2010 |title=Informal Value Transfer Systems |url=http://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2010-A011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905002704/http://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2010-A011.html |archive-date=September 5, 2010 |publisher=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network}}</ref>

==Virtual currencies==
In July 2011, FinCEN added "other value that substitutes for currency" to its definition of [[money services business]]es in preparation for adapting the respective rule to virtual currencies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network |date=2011-07-21 |title=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network |url=https://federalregister.gov/a/2011-18309 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920182051/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2011/07/21/2011-18309/bank-secrecy-act-regulations-definitions-and-other-regulations-relating-to-money-services-businesses |archive-date=2020-09-20 |access-date=6 March 2014 |website=Bank Secrecy Act Regulations; Definitions and Other Regulations Relating to Money Services Businesses |publisher=Federal Register |page=76 FR 43585 |quote=31 C.F.R. § 1010.100(ff)(5)(i)(A)}}</ref>  On March 18, 2013, FinCEN issued a guidance regarding [[virtual currency|virtual currencies]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2013 |title=FIN-2013-G001: Application of FinCEN's Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies |url=http://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2013-G001.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319213642/http://fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2013-G001.html |archive-date=19 March 2013 |access-date=4 March 2014 |publisher=Financial Crimes Enforcement Network |page=6}}</ref> according to which, exchangers and administrators, but not users of convertible virtual currency are considered money transmitters, and must comply with rules to prevent money laundering/terrorist financing ("AML/CFT") and other forms of financial crime, by record-keeping, reporting and registering with FinCEN. Jennifer Shasky Calvery, director of FinCEN said, "Virtual currencies are subject to the same rules as other currencies. … Basic money services business rules apply here."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berson, Susan A. |year=2013 |title=Some basic rules for using 'bitcoin' as virtual money |url=http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/some_basic_rules_for_using_bitcoin_as_virtual_money/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185546/http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/some_basic_rules_for_using_bitcoin_as_virtual_money/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=10 September 2013 |publisher=American Bar Association}}</ref>

At a November 2013 [[United States Senate|Senate]] hearing, Calvery stated, "It is in the best interest of virtual currency providers to comply with these regulations for a number of reasons. First is the idea of corporate responsibility," contrasting [[Bitcoin]]'s understanding of a peer to peer system bypassing corporate financial institutions. She stated that FinCEN collaborates with the [[Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council]], a congressionally-chartered forum called the "Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) Advisory Group" and BSA Working Group to review and discuss new regulations and guidance, with the FBI-led "Virtual Currency Emerging Threats Working Group" (VCET) formed in early 2012, the FDIC-led "Cyber Fraud Working Group", the Terrorist Financing & Financial Crimes-led "Treasury Cyber Working Group", and with a community of other financial intelligence units.<ref name="FinCENDir" /> According to the Department of Justice, VCET members represent the FBI, the Drug Enforcement Administration, multiple U.S. Attorney's Offices, and the [[United States Department of Justice Criminal Division|Criminal Division's]] Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section and Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2013 |title=Acting Assistant Attorney General Mythili Raman Testifies |url=https://www.justice.gov/criminal/pr/speeches/2013/crm-speech-131118.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224014024/http://www.justice.gov/criminal/pr/speeches/2013/crm-speech-131118.html |archive-date=24 February 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |website=Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs |publisher=justice.gov |location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>

In 2021, amendments to the [[Bank Secrecy Act]] and the federal AML/CTF framework officially incorporated the existing FinCEN guidelines on digital assets. The legislation was updated to encompass "value that substitutes for currency," reinforcing FinCEN's authority over digital assets. As a result, exchanges dealing in these assets were required to register with FinCEN and adhere to specific reporting and recordkeeping obligations for transactions involving certain types of digital assets. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hossain |first=Mohammad Belayet |date=2023-01-01 |title=Acquiring an awareness of the latest regulatory developments concerning digital assets and anti-money laundering |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-10-2022-0147 |journal=Journal of Money Laundering Control |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=1261–1268 |doi=10.1108/JMLC-10-2022-0147 |issn=1368-5201}}</ref> For the year 2021, FinCEN received 1,137,451 Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs), which include both traditional financial institutions and cryptocurrency trading entities. Within this category, there were reports of 7,914 suspicious cyber events and 284,989 potential money laundering activities. FinCEN utilizes a dedicated team of analysts to examine these SARs, aiming to detect possible money laundering incidents. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Hsiao-Ming |last2=Hsieh |first2=Ming-Li |date=2024-03-01 |title=Cryptocurrency is new vogue: a reflection on money laundering prevention |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-023-00366-5 |journal=Security Journal |language=en |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=25–46 |doi=10.1057/s41284-023-00366-5 |issn=1743-4645}}</ref>

== Beneficial Ownership Information Reports ==
FinCEN is the regulatory agency tasked with overseeing the Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting (BOIR) system in the U.S. This responsibility was established under the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), which mandates that certain business entities must disclose information about their beneficial owners to FinCEN. CTA aims to enhance transparency and combat [[Financial crime|financial crimes]] by preventing the use of anonymous shell companies for illicit purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-20 |title=U.S. Beneficial Ownership Information Registry Now Accepting Reports |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2015 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=U.S. Department of the Treasury |language=en}}</ref> 

FinCEN administers the BOIR system to collect and maintain accurate records of beneficial ownership information. This information includes details such as the names, addresses, dates of birth, and identification numbers of individuals who ultimately own or control companies. By centralizing this data, FinCEN supports law enforcement efforts to investigate and prosecute financial crimes, ensuring greater accountability and integrity within the corporate sector.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2021 |title=The Corporate Transparency Act – Preparing for the Federal Database of Beneficial Ownership Information |url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business_law/resources/business-law-today/2021-may/the-corporate-transparency-act/ |access-date=October 4, 2024 |website=[[American Bar Association]]}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In 2009, the [[GAO]] found "opportunities" to improve "interagency and state examination coordination", noting that the federal banking regulators issued an interagency examination manual, that [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]], [[Commodity Futures Trading Commission|CFTC]], and their respective self-regulatory organizations developed [[Bank Secrecy Act]] (BSA) examination modules, and that FinCEN and [[IRS]] examining nonbank financial institutions issued an examination manual for money services businesses. Therefore multiple regulators examine compliance of the BSA across industries and for some larger holding companies even within the same institution. Regulators need to promote greater consistency, coordination and information-sharing, reduce unnecessary regulatory burden, and find concerns across industries.<ref name="GAO">{{Cite journal |date=Feb 12, 2009 |title=Bank Secrecy Act: Federal Agencies Should Take Action to Further Improve Coordination and Information-Sharing Efforts |url=http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-09-227 |url-status=live |publisher=GAO.gov |issue=GAO-09-227 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307022428/http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-09-227 |archive-date=7 March 2014 |access-date=6 March 2014 |journal=Gao-09-227}}</ref> FinCEN estimated that it would have data access agreements with 80 percent of state agencies that conduct BSA examinations after 2012.<ref name=GAO />

Since FinCEN's inception in 1990, the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] in San Francisco has debated its benefits compared to its threat to privacy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bercu |first=Stephen |date=December 1991 |title=FinCEN: Big Brother After All? |url=https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Surveillance/?f=cpsr_fincen.paper.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230907/https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Surveillance/?f=cpsr_fincen.paper.txt |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2014-03-06 |publisher=EEF.org}}</ref> FinCEN does not disclose how many Suspicious Activity Reports result in investigations, indictments or convictions, and no studies exist to tally how many reports are filed on innocent people. FinCEN and money laundering laws have been criticized for being expensive and relatively ineffective while violating [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]] rights, as an investigator may use FinCEN's database to investigate people instead of crimes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Julie Wakefield |date=October 1, 2000 |title=Following the Money |work=[[Government Executive]] |url=http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2000/10/following-the-money/7309/ |url-status=live |access-date=6 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307025228/http://www.govexec.com/magazine/2000/10/following-the-money/7309/ |archive-date=7 March 2014}}</ref>

It has also been alleged that FinCEN's regulations against [[structuring]] are enforced unfairly and arbitrarily; for example, it was reported in 2012 that small businesses selling at farmers' markets have been targeted, while politically connected people like [[Eliot Spitzer]] were not prosecuted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walter Olson |date=2012-04-20 |title="Structuring": who can get away with it, and who can't |url=http://overlawyered.com/2012/04/structuring-who-can-get-away-with-it-and-who-cant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202181724/http://overlawyered.com/2012/04/structuring-who-can-get-away-with-it-and-who-cant/ |archive-date=2013-12-02 |access-date=2013-11-30 |publisher=Overlawyered}}</ref> Spitzer's reasons for structuring were described as "innocent".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=David Johnston |last2=Stephen Labaton |date=March 12, 2008 |title=The Reports That Drew Federal Eyes to Spitzer |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/12/nyregion/12legal.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105105103/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/12/nyregion/12legal.html |archive-date=January 5, 2018}}</ref>

In February 2019, it was reported that Mary Daly, the oldest daughter of [[United States Attorney General]] [[William Barr]], is to leave her position at the [[United States Deputy Attorney General]]'s office for a FinCEN position.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bess Levin |date=February 14, 2019 |title=William Barr's Son-in-Law Just Landed a Job Advising Trump on "Legal Issues; Tyler McGaughey's work will "intersect" with the Russia investigation. |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/william-barr-son-in-law-white-house |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327153229/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/02/william-barr-son-in-law-white-house |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |website=VanityFair.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=David Shortell |author2=Laura Jarrett |author3=Pamela Brown |date=February 13, 2019 |title=Daughter and son-in-law of AG nominee leaving the Justice Department |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/13/politics/barr-family-justice-department-moves/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221054746/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/13/politics/barr-family-justice-department-moves/index.html |archive-date=21 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |website=CNN.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=February 13, 2019 |title=Attorney General Nominee William Barr's Son-in-Law to Join White House Counsel's Office: Report |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/attorney-general-nominee-william-barrs-son-in-law-to-join-white-house-counsels-office-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215054128/https://www.thedailybeast.com/attorney-general-nominee-william-barrs-son-in-law-to-join-white-house-counsels-office-report |archive-date=15 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |website=TheDailyBeast.com}}</ref>

In September 2020, findings based on a set of 2,657 documents including 2121 [[suspicious activity report]]s (SARs) leaked from FinCEN were published as the [[FinCEN Files]].<ref name="2020-09-20-buzzfeed">{{Cite news |date=2020-09-20 |title=Secret Documents Show How Criminals Use Big-Name Banks To Finance Terror And Death, And The Government Doesn't Stop It |work=[[Buzzfeed News]] |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jasonleopold/fincen-files-financial-scandal-criminal-networks |access-date=2020-09-20}}</ref><ref name="2020-09-20-icij">{{Cite news |date=2020-09-20 |title=Global banks defy U.S. crackdowns by serving oligarchs, criminals and terrorists |work=International Consortium of Investigative Journalists |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/fincen-files/global-banks-defy-u-s-crackdowns-by-serving-oligarchs-criminals-and-terrorists/ |access-date=2020-09-20}}</ref> The leaked documents showed that although both FinCEN and the banks that filed SARs knew about billions of dollars in [[dirty money]] being moved through the banks, both did very little to prevent the transactions.<ref name="2020-09-20-buzzfeed" />

== In popular culture ==
The 2016 film ''[[The Accountant (2016 film)|The Accountant]]'' features a FinCEN investigation into the title character.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Tish |date=October 15, 2016 |title=Film Review: The Accountant (2016) |url=http://culturedvultures.com/the-accountant-2016-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211050/http://culturedvultures.com/the-accountant-2016-review/ |archive-date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref>

In the first episode of the 2017 [[Netflix]] show ''[[Ozark (TV series)|Ozark]]'', FinCEN is mentioned as one of the agencies (along with the [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]], [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|ATF]], and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]) active in monitoring cartel activity in Chicago.

== See also ==
<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->
* [[Casino regulations under the Bank Secrecy Act]]
* [[Currency transaction report]]
* [[FINTRAC]] – [[Canada]]'s equivalent to FinCEN
* [[Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections]]
* [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)]]
* [[Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)]]
* [[Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations]]
* [[List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official}}
* [https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/financial-crimes-enforcement-network FinCEN] in the ''[[Federal Register]]''

{{US Treasury agencies}}
{{Patriot Act}}
{{Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States}}
{{National intelligence agencies}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Financial Crimes Enforcement Network}}
[[Category:1990 establishments in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-money laundering organizations]]
[[Category:Financial regulatory authorities of the United States]]
[[Category:Tax evasion in the United States]]
[[Category:Counterterrorism in the United States]]
[[Category:United States Department of the Treasury]]
[[Category:Vienna, Virginia]]
[[Category:Banking crimes]]
[[Category:Government by algorithm]]
[[Category:United States intelligence agencies]]