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[[File:United States Defense Attaché System.png|right|200px|Seal of the Defense Attaché System|alt=Seal of the Defense Attaché System]]

The '''Defense Attaché System''' is an arm of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] tasked with representing the [[United States]] in defense and military related matters with foreign governments around the world. Defense Attache Offices (DAO) operate from [[List of diplomatic missions of the United States|U.S. embassies]] in more than a hundred locations globally. DAOs are composed of both civilian and military employees, most of whom receive specialized training at Joint Military Attache School before their appointment.<ref>[http://www.dia.mil/Training/JointMilitaryAttach%C3%A9School%28JMAS%29.aspx Joint Military Attaché School (JMAS)]</ref>

== History ==
In 1949 the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] (DoD) established the need for each branch of the military to establish its own [[military attaché|attache]] system in coordination with the [[United States Department of State|State Department]]. From July 1951 to March 1952 the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]], at [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (JCS) urging, established a limited Executive Agent System in support of attache operations.

The DoD's [[Office of Special Operations]] (OSO) negotiated with the [[US Department of State|Department of State]] for opening the attache systems. Upon the activation of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA), and the subsequent disestablishment of OSO, DIA assumed responsibility. In 1961, the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] deferred the placement of all attaches under DIA management, and the Services continued to manage, operate, and support their individual attache systems.

Several problems existed with the control of attaches under the different branches of the military. Each reported separately to the ambassador and represented the U.S. separately to the host country military, causing duplication of effort. Moreover, the distribution of information was poor. Artificial barriers to a free exchange of information between the branches and the JCS existed, and the coordination of attache activities with other DoD elements was difficult. The cost to DoD in sponsoring up to three separate elements in a single country amounted to the inefficient use of limited resources. Furthermore, the collection and dissemination of duplicate intelligence produced uncertainties. So, on 12 December 1964, the '''Defense Attaché System''' (DAS) was established in response to these problems.

On 1 July 1965, the Defense Attaché System officially came under the director of DIA. The objectives of the DAS under DIA are twofold: to provide a more efficient system for the collection of intelligence information for DoD components and to preserve a channel for service-to-service and DoD representational matters of common interest.

== Chronology ==
* '''1889''': Permanent military attachés sent to [[Embassy of the United States, London|embassies in London]], [[Embassy of the United States, Berlin|Berlin]], [[Embassy of the United States, Paris|Paris]], [[Embassy of the United States, Vienna|Vienna]], and [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]. (By 1896, military attachés were serving also in [[Embassy of the United States, Rome|Rome]], [[Madrid]], and [[Brussels]].)
* '''1918''': 24 military attachés accredited to 28 capitals and 15 naval attachés to 18 capitals.
* '''1936''': 464 military and naval attachés abroad.
* '''1945''': Military attachés in 45 capitals
* '''1948''': 258 [[United States Army|Army]] and [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] officers on attaché duty in 59 countries and 120 naval officers in 43 countries.
* '''1949''': 2,049 personnel on attaché duty; a Senior Attaché was designated for each capital.
* '''1950''': Attachés were cut by 35%, and 36 posts were eliminated; totals were 1,458.
* '''1951''': Executive agency system replaced the Senior Attaché system.
* '''1952''': Executive agency system abandoned, and Services reassumed logistical and administrative support for own attachés.
* '''1956''': 166 attaché posts in 71 countries: 68 Army, 45 Navy, 53 Air Force; total personnel.
* '''1956''': Sixty foreign countries had 121 attachés in [[Washington D.C.|Washington]]: 57 Army, 32 Navy, 32 Air Force.
* '''1960''': The [[United States Department of Defense|Defense Department]] had 2,090 attaché personnel in 74 capitals.
* '''1963''': Attaché personnel reached a high of 2,345.
* '''1964''': U.S. attaché personnel reduced to 1,936.
* '''1965''': Defense Attaché System established.
* '''1986''': [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] officers begin to serve as defense attachés.

==See also==
* [[Military attaché]]
* [[Defense Attaché Office, Saigon (1973–1975)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Defense Intelligence Agency}}
{{Intelligence agencies of USA}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Defense Attache System}}
[[Category:United States military attachés|*]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Defense Intelligence Agency]]
[[Category:United States Security Assistance Organizations|Attache System]]